Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grade 7 Q2 Science LAS
Grade 7 Q2 Science LAS
Science
Second Quarter
Copyright © 2020
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley)
Regional Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500
“No copy of this material shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit.”
This material has been developed for the implementation of K to 12 Curriculum through the Curriculum
and Learning Management Division (CLMD). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the
source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement of supplementary work are permitted provided all original works are acknowledged and
the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and
profit.
Consultants:
Regional Director : ESTELA L. CARIÑO, EdD., CESO IV, DepEd R02
Assistant Regional Director : JESSIE L. AMIN, EdD,CESO V, DepEd R02
Schools Division Superintendent : CHERRY S. RAMOS, EdD,, CESO V, Santiago City
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: JONATHAN A. FRONDA, PhD, CESE, Santiago City
Chief Education Supervisor, CLMD : OCTAVIO V. CABASAG, PhD
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : JANETTE V. BAUTISTA, EdD
Development Team
Writers: AMY A. BALLAD, ROSARIO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
ALMA P. MIJARES, RIZAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
HECTOR C. BALDONADO, RIZAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
QUEENSEL MAY A. BAGUIO, NAGASSICAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
GLADYS B. CASTRO, DIVISORIA HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
ARIANE ACE T. DE GUZMAN, SINILI INTEGRATED SCHOOL, Santiago City
SHERMALEENE P. ACOSTA, SAGANA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
JANINE V. DELA CRUZ, CABULAY HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
ESMERALDA D. LOZANO, ROSARIO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
RAVELO D. DE VENECIA, PATUL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
MARIE GRACE A. BARTOLOME, SANTIAGO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Santiago City
Content Editors: LEILANIE P. DOMINIA, PhD., Education Program Supervisor– SCIENCE
Depmar Valdez, PhD., Education Program Supervisor-Science SDO, Cauayan City
MARILOU C. BUIZON, Sagana Elementary School
CONCHITA C. OBENA, Bannawag Elementary School
MARJORIE PILON, Abra Elementary School
CHERRY BAWIGA, Santiago North Central School -SPED Center
GRACE FERNANDEZ, Santiago South Central School
JOSEPH C. BAHINGAWAN, Santiago City National High School
MARIO JAMES S. DELA CRUZ, Santiago City National High School
Language Editor: PERFECTA BAUTISTA, Education Program Supervisor– ENGLISH
Illustrator: EDGARDO ANDRES, Cabulay High School
Layout Artists: MAY FLOR VIRAY, Santiago West Central School-SSES
JENELYN B. BUTAC, Division Librarian
Focal Persons: LEILANIE P. DOMINIA, PhD., Education Program Supervisor– SCIENCE
MARIVEL G. MORALES, Division LRMDS Coordinator
ESTER GRAMAJE, Education Program Supervisor– SCIENCE, CLMD, DepEd R02
RIZALINO G. CARONAN, Education Program Supervisor–LRMDS, CLMD, DepEd R02
PARTS FUNCTIONS
1. HEAD This is also known as the body. It carries the optical parts
in the upper part of the microscope.
3. ARMS This is the part connecting the base and to the head and
the eyepiece tube to the base of the microscope.
4. EYEPIECE Also known as the ocular. This is the part used to look
through the microscope. It is found at the top of the
microscope. Its standard magnification is 10x with an
optional eyepiece having magnifications from 5X – 30X.
5. EYEPIECE TUBE It is the eyepiece holder. It carries the eyepiece just above
the objective lens.
7. REVOLVING NOSE PIECE Also known as the revolving turret. It holds the objective
lenses. It is movable hence it can revolve the objective
lenses depending on the magnification power of the lens.
9. COARSE FOCUS/ COARSE This is the knob on the side of the microscope that moves
ADJUSTMENT the objective lens up and down. It is used in conjunction
with the fine focus.
10. CONDENSER These are lenses that are used to collect and focus light
from the illuminator into the specimen. They are found
under the stage next to the diaphragm of the microscope.
They play a major role in ensuring clear sharp images are
produced with a high magnification of 400X and above.
11. ILLUMINATOR/ This is the microscopes light source, located at the base.
MICROSCOPIC It is used instead of a mirror. it captures light from an
ILLUMINATOR external source of a low voltage of about 100v.
12. RACK STOP It controls how far the stages should go preventing the
objective lens from getting too close to the specimen slide
which may damage the specimen.
13. STAGE This is the section on which the specimen is placed for
viewing.
15. DIAPHRAGM It is also known as the iris. It is found under the stage of
the microscope and its primary role is to control the
amount of light that reaches the specimen.
ACTIVITY 1. LABEL ME
DIRECTIONS: Label the parts of microscope below. Use the word bank below. Cross off the
word when used.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the functions of the base and the arm of the microscope?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What have you observed about the objectives?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Which part connects the eyepiece to the revolving nosepiece with the objectives?
___________________________________________________________
Today’s Lesson
What I know
What I learned
References
Book:
Science Grade 7 Learning Material
Internet Resources:
https://microbenotes.com/parts-of-a-microscope
https://microscopeworld.com/t-labeling_microscope_parts.aspx
Answers Key
Activity 1
Guide Questions:
1. Base acts as microscopes support. It also carriers the microscopic illuminators. Arm is the
part connecting the base and to the head and the eyepiece tube to the base of the microscope.
2. Objective lenses are composed of different lenses, of different magnification. Each lens has
its own magnification power.
3. Eyepiece tube
Activity 3
A rubrics is given.
Possible answers:
Today’s Lesson: Parts and Functions of Microscope
What I Know: The microscope is a tool which can help you see tiny objects and
living organisms. It makes them look bigger.
What I Want To Know: Who discovered and invented the microscope?
What I Learned: I learned the different parts and functions of a microscope. I
learned also the importance of each part. If one part is destroyed, the other parts will not
function as well.
Activity 4
TRUE 1. The stage is the section on which the specimen is placed for viewing. They have
stage clips hold the specimen slides in place.
FALSE 2. The eyepiece controls how far the stages should go preventing the objective lens
from getting too close to the specimen slide which may damage the specimen.
TRUE 3. Nose piece holds the objective lenses.
TRUE 4. The head carries the optical parts in the upper part of the microscope.
Prepared by:
AMY A. BALLAD
Writer
Our eyes are not able to see small things as clearly. We may need a magnifying glass in
order to help us read and see small objects and this helps because magnification makes the
object appear bigger so we see it more clearly.
A microscope does the same thing. The most common type of microscope we usually use
in the Science laboratory is a compound microscope. This microscope has two lenses that bend
light so that a specimen is magnified and projected. To compound something means to add to
it.
The term (microscope) can be split into two separate words “micro” (means small or tiny)
and “scope” (means to view or to observe). Therefore, a microscope can be understood as an
instrument to observe tiny elements. Compound microscope also known as High Power or
Biological microscopes are important tool used to view specimens in focusing and identifying
the parts of small objects and organisms not visible to the naked eye.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzamomqlwxU
FOCUSING MICROSCOPE
1. Adjust the coarse focus knob. Begin to focus on the object by adjusting the coarse focus
knob. This will be the larger of the two knobs on the side of the microscope. Rotate the knob
clockwise and counter clockwise until you see the best possible picture through the eyepiece.
QUESTION 1: How important is the coarse focus knob in viewing specimens under the
compound microscope?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 10
2. Adjust the fine focus knob. After you have adjusted the coarse focus knob, you can fine tune
your focus by adjusting the fine focus knob. This will be the smaller of the two knobs on the
side of the microscope. Just as you did with the coarse focus knob, turn this knob clockwise
and counter clockwise until you see the best picture in the eyepiece.
3. Adjust the stage. You can adjust the stage up and down as well as left and right. Adjusting
the stage up and down will bring the object closer or further away. Adjust it left to right if the
object that you are viewing is not centered under the objective.
QUESTION 3: When adjusting the stage, what will happen if the objective lens touched the
slide?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2. WHICH AM I?
DIRECTIONS: Rearrange the jumbled letters to form the word being describe by each
statement. Write your answer on the blank provided.
1. This is also known as the body. It carries the optical parts in the upper part of the
microscope.
DAEH _____________
2. It acts as microscopes support. It also carries the microscopic illuminators
EABS ____________
3. This is the part connecting the base to the head and the eyepiece tube to the base of the
microscope and is also used in carrying the microscope.
SMAR ____________
4. This is the part used to look through the microscope.
EEEEIYPC _____________
5. These are the major lenses used for specimen visualization. They have a magnification
power of 40X – 100X.
EESSLN ______________
6. These are knobs that are used to focus the microscope.
TTMNJSDAVEU KSNBO _________________________
7. This is the section on which the specimen is placed for viewing.
EAGST _____________
8. This is the microscope’s light source.
RRRMIO ___________
9. It is use to control the amount of light that reaches the specimen.
AAIHPMGRD ______________
10. It holds the objective lenses and can revolve the objective lenses depending on the
magnification power of the lens.
EOSN EEICP _________________
Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 11
ACTIVITY 3. NOW I KNOW!
DIRECTIONS: With your knowledge and understanding on focusing specimens using
compound microscope, answer briefly the following questions below:
1. Why should the fine adjustment be used only with the High Power Objective (HPO)?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. A classmate of yours has just used the High Power Objective (HPO) but unfortunately
the objectives has crashed into a prepared slide and broke it. What do you think went
wrong with the used of the microscope? What could have been a better or correct way to
do it?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What are the benefits of focusing properly your specimens using your compound
microscope?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What structures are found only in eukaryotic cells? Only in prokaryotic cells?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Reflection
What I have learned from the given activities about focusing specimens using compound
microscope?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References
Books
Pavico, Ma. Josefina F. et.al ( Copyright 2013) Exploring Life Through Science
(The New Grade 7) Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Laurente, Jomar Aries T. et.al (Copyright 2015) Science for the 21st Century Learner
7 Makati City, Diwa Learning System Inc.
Online Resources
https://www.google.com/images
https://www.soinc.org/sites/default/files/uploaded_files/16_CELL_BIO_PRACTICE.
pdf&ved
Sciencing.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzamomqlwxU
ACTIVITY 1:
1. In order to focus properly the specimen. It can be adjusted for clearer view.
2. It is located at the side part of the microscope. It is located at that part for easy grip and
adjustment.
3. To avoid breakage of the slide.
ACTIVITY 2
1. HEAD
2. BASE
3. ARMS
4. EYEPIECE
5. LENSES
6. ADJUSTMENT KNOBS
7. STAGE
8. MIRROR
9. DIAPHRAGM
10. NOSE PIECE
ACTIVITY 3
1. The Fine Adjustment moves slower (or shorter in terms or distance) than the coarse
adjustment knob.
2. (Possible answers) The student may have failed to look from the side while moving the
HPO to focus on the specimen, or he may have used the coarse adjustment knob to
move down the HPO or he may have move the fine adjustment too fast and was not
able to monitor the distance of the objective from the slide. If he wanted to use the HPO,
he could have looked from the side and used the coarse adjustment knob to move the
objective down. He should have stopped when the objective has almost touched the
slide. Then, looking through the eyepiece, he should have slowly turned the fine
adjustment knob up or down until he sees the image clearly.
3. YES. The use of microscope enables one to see an enlarged view of objects and
organisms for a thorough study of their structure and function. It also has the advantage
of making one see organisms that are not visible using the unaided eye.
ACTIVITY 4
1. The parts of the cell are cytoplasm and nucleus.
2. A cell is prokaryotic if there is no well-defined nucleus; eukaryotic if the nuclear
materials are enclosed by a nuclear membrane and have membrane-bound organelles.
3. Prokaryotes –cell membrane, nucleus (without nuclear envelop), cytoplasm, some
organelles
Eukaryotes – all the structures/organelles (nucleus has a nuclear envelop)
Prepared by:
ALMA P. MIJARES
HECTOR C. BALDONADO
Writers
The simplest unit of life is the atom, like oxygen. Two or more atoms is a molecule,
like a dioxide. Many small molecules may combine in a chemical reaction to make up a
macromolecule, such as a phospholipid.
Multiple macromolecules form a cell, like a club cell. A group of cells functioning
together as a tissue, for example, epithelial tissue.
Different tissues make up an organ, like a lung. Organs work together to form an organ
system, such as the Respiratory System. All of the organ systems make a living organism, like
a lion.
A group of the same organism living together in an area is a population, such as a pride
of lions. Two or more populations interacting with each other form a community, for example,
lion and zebra populations interacting with each other. Communities interacting not only with
each other but also with the physical environment encompass an ecosystem, such as the
Savanna ecosystem. All of the ecosystems make up the biosphere, the area of life on Earth/
Biosphere.
The life that exists on Earth is complex and varied in its forms. Living beings have
evolved from single-celled or unicellular forms, into complex and giant multicellular bodies.
In this process of development, their body systems and mechanisms have become specialized
in nature. Thus, in the course of evolution, different stages of increasing complexity were
formed.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
P T G E R E E E U P
W B J U R D C E O O
V I J S X S O P R P
X O X S X O S S G U
O S S I I R Y S A L
F P C T T G S D N A
H H E X X A T Z Z T
G E L M N N E C O I
D R L S S S M V I O
X E X I Y Y M M E N
S S S N C S L N U V
X L X A Q T L B D V
Z L G G Q E P F B B
N T G R R M Y G T U
M C D O U V U J J P
L E X X U P E Y Y X
O E S S U N R A E O
O C O M M U N I T Y
Guide Questions
1. How many words did you find in the puzzle? What are they?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
C L
R N M
3. A system of tissues that work together on a larger scale to do certain jobs within an
animal’s body
G N
O G Y E
I S H E
E S M
T S E
3.
4. 5
Guide Questions:
1. What are the important levels/parts in our living planet?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Which level of biological organization is the most essential to you as human being?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Label
Biological Picture Description from
Level least to
greatest
(1-8)
1. Population
2. Cell
3. Ecosystem
4. Biosphere
5. Organ
6. Organ
system
7. Tissue
Guide Question:
2. What is the difference between cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Your journey through these lessons has been an additional experience. Complete the
following statements:
References
Books
1. Gutierrez, M. (1999). Science and Technology for the Modern World (pp. 228).
Bangkok, Thailand: Watana Phanit Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd.
2. Religioso, T., & Vengco, L. Integrated Science. Retrieved 31 May 2020, from
3. Soriano, E., Santisteban, C., & Elauria, E. (2000). Chemistry for the New Millenium (pp.
43-45). Quezon City: Adriana Printing Co., Inc.
4. Valdoz, M., Abistado, J., Mariano, J. and Madriaga, E., 2013. Science Links. 1st ed.
Quezon City: REX Book store, pp.63-67.
Websites
1. Biology LibreTexts. 2020. 1.2B: Levels Of Organization Of Living Things. [online]
Available at
<https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_G
eneral_Biology_(Boundless)/1%3A_The_Study_of_Life/1.2%3A_Themes_and_Concept
s_of_Biology/1.2B%3A_Levels_of_Organization_of_Living_Things> [Accessed 27 June
2020].
Others
1. Canva
2. Crossword Puzzle Creator
3. STARBOOKS
4. Wordsearch
1. Cell 5. Biosphere
2. Organism 6. Ecosystem
3. Organ 7. Tissue
4. Organ System 8. Biology
1. Cell
2. Tissue
3. Organ
4. Organism
5. POPULATION
6. ECOSYSTEM
7. BIOSPHERE
8. COMMUNITY
1. Cell
2. Organism
3. Population
4. Ecosystem
5. Biosphere
Guide Questions:
1. What are the important levels/parts in our living planet?
Answer: These are different terms used to organize life on our planet. The scientific study of
the different levels of organization of living beings, helps us gain an insight into the
complexities of their structure and functioning. Every organism on Earth, from the smallest to
the largest one, follows this establishment.
2. Which levels of biological organization is the most essential in you as human being?
Answer: All of them, because it helps us understand and establishing the significance of
every living being on this planet.
Label
Biological Level Picture Description from
least to
greatest
(1-8)
1. Population Group of an organism of one type 6
1. 1 that live in the same area.
P
o
2. Cell BASIC UNIT OF LIFE. Human 1
2. C blood cells.
e
A living thing. 5
3. Organism
Guide Question:
1. What is the difference between organism, population, community, ecosystem, and
biosphere?
2. What is the difference between cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism?
Answer:
The difference between organism and cell is that organism is a discrete and complete
living thing, such as animal, plant, fungus or microorganism while cell is the basic unit of a
living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which
is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself, that organism is a discrete and complete
living thing, such as animal, plant, fungus or microorganism. Complete organism which
compasses from cell-tissue-organ-organ system-Organism.
Prepared by:
Cells are fundamental to the living systems of biology. All organisms are made of cells.
In the hierarchy of biological organization, the cell is the simplest collection of matter that can
be alive. Indeed, many forms of life exist as single-celled organisms. Larger, more complex
organisms, including animals and plants, are multicellular. Animal and plant cell are both
eukaryotic cells and are basically composed of the same structures, each exhibits unique
characteristics.
The table below contains a summary of the comparison between animal and plant cells.
2. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 5. THINK OF US
DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze the situation that follows. Answer the following questions
applying the concept you have learned on the difference of plant and animal cell.
RUBRICS
Reflection
I learned that plant and animal cell differs from
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References
Books
Allas, Ian Mark F. et al. (2013). Discover Science: K to 12 Edition. Makati City,
Philippines: Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
Ramos, John Donnie A. et al. (2013). Exploring Life Through Science Series.
Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Photo Credits
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plant_cell_structure_no_text-2.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Animal_cell_structure_en.svg
https://www.needpix.com/photo/27244/chloroplast-chlorophyll-unlabelled-cellular-plant-
biology-diagram-photosynthesis-leaf
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitosis_(261_13)_Pressed;_root_meristem_of_oni
on_(cells_in_prophase,_metaphase,_anaphase,_telophase).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rhizomnium_punctatum_lamina.jpeg
Answers Key
Activity1: Where Do I Belong
Activity 5: Think of Us
1. Chloroplasts are the food producers of the cell. The organelles are only found in plant
cells. Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be
used by the plant cells, making it plants to become a primary producer.
2. Plant cells have cell walls which gives the plant cell its unique rectangular shape, one
large vacuole per cell, and chloroplasts, while animal cells will have a cell membrane
only.
Prepared by:
____4. All living things either take in food or produce their own
food.
____5. In single-celled microorganisms, this process occurs as
the cell gets larger.
____6. The ability of persons and animals to play, run and jump.
____7. This allows an organism to survive successfully in its
environment.
____8. In desert, water- storing stems and modified leaves of
cacti make them well adapted.
____9. The foods eaten changes within the organism in which
energy is either released or used up.
____10. Most of animals takes food as simple as putting it in their
mouths.
2. Muscle Cells
3. Brain Cells
4. Skin Cells
5. Egg Cells
There are trillions of different cells in the body, each cell is like a small community
with different stations such as the city hall, market and other stations that play important role
in the community. These different cells have their own function but works together with all
other types of cell.
FIGURE 1
Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 37
1. Figure 1 shows a portion of the bone. Bones together with cartilage makes up the skeletal
system.
___________________________________________________________________________
a. What do you think bones are made up of?
___________________________________________________________________________
b. What are the functions of the skeletal system?
___________________________________________________________________________
c. What could happen when bone cells will not be able to function properly?
___________________________________________________________________________
d. Will it affect the organism’s life processes?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Cell being the basic unit of life has smaller organs called organelles that carry different
functions in a cell. Label Figure 2 with the different cell organelles according to their
functions similar with the different areas.
e. If Figure 2 is a cell and was eventually put on fire due to malfunction of some area, will it
affect the surrounding and the community it belongs?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
f. For cells to properly function as well as the organism, what are the things that needs to be
done?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
From the different activities about cell’s structural and functional unit, I have learned
that________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Vengco, Lilia G. et al. (2013). You and the Natural World Science:K to 12 Curriculum
Compliant.Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Postlethwait, John H. et al. (2012). The World Biology. Pasig City, Philippines:
Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.
Ramos, John Donnie A. et al. (2013). Exploring Life Through Science Series.
Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Photo Credits
https://s3.thingpic.com/images/pQ/WNydGtXEMuCHT8ETpjn8UPzX.jpeg
https://static.sciencelearn.org.nz/images/images/000/002/359/full/Muscle-structure20161111-
16640-sswv7o.jpg?1522307942
https://storage.needpix.com/rsynced_images/cactus-114681_1280.jpg
https://p0.pikist.com/photos/85/297/butterfly-insect-butterflies-wings-fauna-colorful-delicate-
pupae-metamorphosis-thumbnail.jpg
https://storage.needpix.com/rsynced_images/flower-362377_1280.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/10/22/12/15/sheep-1760585_960_720.jpg
https://weekly.biotechprimer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/blood-75302_640.jpg
https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQdcWV4pL5R8F6JSEb8SkuDst2yQi6k-
DH7Jg&usqp=CAU
https://www.austinfertility.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/sperm-switch-male-
infertility.jpg
Answer Key
Activity 1: Can You Identify Me?
Across:
2. Neurons
3. Melanocytes
5 Sperm cells
8. RBC
Down:
1. Adipocytes
4 Egg cells
Prepared by:
SHERMALEENE P. ACOSTA
Writer
Types of Reproduction
1. Asexual Reproduction
➢ A type of reproduction where a single organism is the sole parent and doesn’t need
the union of cells.
➢ Gives rise to an offspring that are identical to the parent.
➢ Modes of asexual reproduction includes:
a. Vegetative reproduction
b. Binary fission
c. Regeneration
d. Budding
e. Spore formation
2. Sexual reproduction
➢ Two parents produce offspring that have unique combinations of genes.
➢ Gives rise to an offspring that is genetically unique from their siblings and both
parents
➢ Individuals that reproduce through sexual reproduction need two parents, a male
and female that produce egg cell and sperm cell called gametes.
➢ When conditions are favorable, egg and sperm unite in a process known as
fertilization, and the resulting fertilized egg called zygote contains genes from both
parents.
S P E R M C E L L C B L L M B K
R T Y A S E X U A L L K F F H B
F E R T Y O F F S P R I N G Q U
E S C J K L P O Z S A F D N M D
R B D W Q U Z D M F S A Z C V D
T F I T W R S Y I U T G F E X I
I R L N D A S M G X Z X G P T N
L A S F A G G L M O N E T W R G
I G R E P R O D U C T I O N D G
Z M D C X V Y S T A Y E A T H E
A E W Q R U Y F T S T A Y A T G
T N H O M E A I I Q R V B X Z G
I T V T H J V L J S I W O P S C
O A H I O E L C R X S O P W A E
N T C Z Z K R T V N M I L H S L
T I W Q D D F G H I O P O P P L
H O E G A M E T E S Q L N N M M
I N R T Q R T Y Z X A L M N X V
S P O R E F O R M A T I O N K G
I R E G E N E R A T I O N H J G
COLUMN A COLUMN B
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Asexual Sexual
Reproduction
l Reproduction
l l
REFLECTION
ANSWERS KEY
Activity 1
S
P E R M C E L L
A S E X U A L B
F
O F F S P R I N G U
E
D
R
B Z V D
T
F I Y E I
I
R N G G N
L
A S A O E G
I
G R E P R O D U C T I O N
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M X Y A E E
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E U F T G
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N A I I G
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O G A M E T E S N
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P O R E F O R M A T I O N
R E G E N E R A T I O N
R E P R O D U C E D
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Activity 3
Asexual Sexual
Reproduction
l Reproduction
l l
Undergoes Undergoes
Requires Requires Fertilization
different
one 2 parent
modes of
parent reproduction
only Offspring
produced is
Offspring is genetically
genetically unique from
identical to the parents
the parent
Prepared by:
Abiotic Factors
The nonliving components of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors. These includes
sunlight, water, soil, minerals, air, and climate.
Plants need sunlight and water in performing photosynthesis and respiration. Humans
and animals need the sun to keep their body warm, and water for hydration. Living things also
need minerals such as calcium, iron, nitrogen, sodium and phosphorus to be healthy and keep
them going. They also need the right temperature for survival. All organisms have basic
survival needs. If one of these needs is not met in the ecosystem, the organism may die.
Components of an Ecosystem
ACTIVITY 2. IS IT LIVING?
DIRECTIONS: Fill in the columns with YES or NO based on the characteristics of the given
pictures in the first column of the table then answer the questions that follows.
Does it Does it Does it Does it Does it
move all grow and breathe? respond to reproduce?
by itself? change? stimuli?
SIMILARITIES
DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES
Reflection
From the given activities about Biotic and Abiotic Factors, I have learned that
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References
Books
Capco, Carmelita M., Biology, Phoenix Science Series, Quezon City, 2003
Navaza, Delia C, Potenciano, Jojo L., Quodala, Pauline V.,Science for active
Learning, Quezon City, 2016
Components of an Ecosystem
Biotic Abiotic
Soil
Capacity to
reproduce
Water
Energy requirement
Climate
Ability to move on its
own
Air
Ability to grow
Activity 2
Does it Does it Does it Does it Does it
move all grow and breathe? respond to reproduce?
by itself? change? stimuli?
No No No No No
No No No No No
No No No No No
No No No No No
No No No No No
1. They can all move by themselves; they can grow and change, they can breathe, they all
respond to stimuli and they can reproduce. They only differ in kind of living thing.
2. They cannot all move by themselves; they cannot grow and change, they cannot breathe,
they cannot respond to stimuli and they cannot reproduce. They only differ in kind of nonliving
thing.
Activity 3
Living Things Nonliving Things
Bacteria Pot
Mushroom Soil
Molds Garden Pebbles
Frog Twigs
Mist
SIMILARITIES
DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES
Prepared by:
ESMERALDA D. LOZANO
Writer
Let’s check if you can identify and describe these different relationships happening in
the ecosystem.
ACTIVITY 1. MATCH-MAKING
DIRECTIONS: Try to look at the following pictures and identify which relationships are
positive which benefit each organism. Encircle the photos that show positive relationship to
each other.
4. Predation - organisms
obtain food by eating the other
5. Competition - organisms in a
group fight for food and space
Keywords: carabao and egret, butterfly and flower, cat and rat, golden snail and leaf
_____1. Mutualism is a relationship where all organisms benefit from each other.
_____2. Parasitism promotes healthy competition among all organisms.
_____3. Commensalism is a relationship that favors one organism but has no effect on the
other.
_____4. Predation does not sacrifice any organism in a relationship.
_____5. Competition is a struggle among organisms for food, space and other important needs
to survive in a crowd.
Reflection
Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1: ACTIVITY 2:
ACTIVITY 5
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
Prepared by:
ACTIVITY 1. WHAT AM I?
DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each riddle carefully. Identify the plant or animal being
described in each box. Write the name of the organism on the space provided.
Producer Consumer
Guide Questions:
1. Which organisms are the producers? consumers?
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2. Why are plants considered as producers?
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3. Why are animals considered as consumers?
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SunSun
ACTIVITY 4. CLASSIFY ME
DIRECTIONS: The picture in each item shows an interaction between two organisms. Every
organism belongs to a particular category. Identify and write the name of the organism in the
box. Provide and underline the possible producer or consumer in the empty box left in each
item. Refer to the example below.
Organism Producer 1st Order Consumer 2nd Order Consumer
Apple Worm Bird
Start here:
With the assistance of their science teacher, they cut the 1.5 L bottle horizontally two
inches away from the cap and make holes all over the bottle .Starting from the bottom of the
bottle, the layering of one cup in each item were as follows: soil, dried leaves, soil, fruit
peelings, soil, vegetable peelings, and soil at the top. Using a transparent tape, they returned
the upper portion of the bottle with cap and exposed the bottle in direct sunlight. When the soil
Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 63
dries up, one to two cups of water was added and made sure that the water reaches the bottom
part of the bottle. Mixing the contents and recording their observations were done once a week.
After four weeks of observation, they removed the contents of the bottle and examined
the compost through their naked eyes. A small sample of the soil was observed under the
microscope. The students constructed a food chain based from their observations.
Guide Questions:
______1. Which do you think are the organisms they see in the soil?
I. Bacteria II. Worms III. Rats IV. Bugs
a. I only b. I & II only c. I,II,III only d. I,II,III,& IV
______2. What abiotic components are applied in the experiment?
a. soil and air c. water and air
b. soil and water d. soil, water, air, and sunlight
______3. After examining the soil, what do you think happened to the food wastes?
a. The organic wastes are totally decomposed.
b. All the organic wastes are completely visible.
c. Some started to decomposed and unrecognizable.
d. Large amount of water droplets on wastes is highly evident.
______4. Which of the following is NOT a good way of reducing food waste?
a. Plan your meals. c. Throw leftovers.
b. Store food correctly. d. Learn to preserve.
______5. All of the following are benefits of making food wastes into compost EXCEPT
a. It increases methane gas emissions.
b. It limits the amount of garbage in landfills.
c. It returns essential nutrients back into the soil to nourish the plants.
d. Is a great way to create a healthier world while decreasing our carbon foot prints.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
L P J Z D T X E M Y H B Q
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
V C S O I W A K U F N R G
Example: C A R N I V O R E S
15 20 25 24 18 14 17 25 8 16
These are animals that eat other animals.
1. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
5 8 15 17 9 2 17 16 8 25 16
Organisms that breakdown dead bodies of plants and animals into simple nutrients
needed again by plants.
3. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
23 17 17 5 15 11 20 18 24
A series of feeding relationships among the organisms in an ecosystem.
4. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2 25 17 5 22 15 8 25 16
Organisms that are capable of utilizing the sun’s energy to manufacture food.
5. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
6 25 17 2 11 18 15 1 8 14 8 1
It is the position an organism occupies in a food chain.
6. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2 25 18 9 20 25 10 15 17 24 16 22 9 8 25 16
They eat the producers.
7. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
11 8 6 8 25 17 6 25 17 2 11 16
These are organisms that feed on other organisms to survive.
8. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
12 20 15 6 8 25 18 20
Microorganisms that help in the decomposition of wastes.
9. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
23 25 22 18 6 2 8 8 1 18 24 26 16
Organic materials that can be used in composting.
10. __ __ __ __ __ __ __
15 17 9 2 17 16 6
A soil conditioner that help plants stay healthy and reduce the contribution of wastes
in landfills.
References
A. Books
Allas I.F., Espinosa A.A., Lorenzo A.D., Navarette B.V., and Bonifacio V. Navarette.
(2005). Discover Science K to 12 Edition. DIWA Learning Systems, Inc.
Domingo R.C., Aquino J.R., Aquino L.P., Revilla A.V., and Sheila M. Wenceslao.
(2005). Biology. St. Augustine Publications, Inc.
https://pixnio.com/fauna-animals/insects-and-bugs/butterflies-and-moths-
pictures/butterfly-larvae-hang-leaf-eat
https://www.needpix.com/photo/1630657/insects-macro-eat-nature-spider-free-pictures-
free-photos-free-images-royalty-free
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feeding_behaviours#/media/File:Colibri-
thalassinus-001-edit.jpg
https://www.clearwaycommunitysolar.com/blog/science-center-home-experiments-for-
kids/composting-and-food-waste-experiment/
Answer Key
Activity 1
1. Grasshopper 6. Cat
2. Rat 7. Corn
3. Hawk 8. Chicken
4. Grass 9. Rice
5. Snake 10. Frog
Activity 2
Producer Consumer
Grass Grasshoper
Corn Rat
Rice Hawk
Snake
Cat
Chicken
Frog
Guide Questions:
1. The producer is the grass and the consumers are the grasshoppers, rat,
hawk, snake, and cat
2. Plants are considered producers because they are capable of producing
their own food by converting light energy from the sun into chemical
energy.
3. Animals depend on other organisms to nourish themselves.
4. Producers are organisms that can produce their own food while consumers
depend on other organisms to survive.
Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 66
5. Organisms in our community that eat plants only are cows, carabaos, and
goat. The frogs and house lizards eat animals like mosquitoes.
Activity 3
Answers may vary.
Examples of producers: grasses, bougainvillea, pechay, riceplant, corn
Examples of consumers: frog, worm , dragonfly, chicken, man
Sun
Sun grass worm chicken man
Activity 4
Organisms Producer 1st Order Consumer 2nd Order Consumer
Note: The underlined organisms are not found in the pictures. It will be
provided by the students, Answers may vary.
Guide Questions:
1. The worm provides energy to the spider . Grasses give energy to the cow.
2. The caterpillar belongs to the primary consumer or the first order cosumer while the
bird eating the worms belongs to the secondary consumer or second order consumer.
3. The amount of energy that is transferred to the secondary consumer up to the top
consumer gets lesser and lesser.
Activity 5
1. b
2. d
3. c
4. c
5. a
Activity 6
1. Decomposers
2. Energy Flow
3. Food Chain
4. Producers
5. Trophic Level
6. Primary Consumers
7. Heterotrophs
8. Bacteria
9. Fruit Peelings
10. Compost
Prepared by: