ALL ABOUT BACTERIOLOGY#MURRAY 106 – 118, 134 – 142 ##BY : RAJA PARDOMUAN HARAHAP

Name two genera of smallest cell wall-containing bacteria in size.

1
Chlamydia, Rickettsia

Which genus has smallest bacterial chromosomes?

2
Mycoplasma

How many ribosomal subunits in total consisted in a bacterium?

3
70S ribosome = 50S + 30S

What is the mesh-like components of bacterial cell wall that surrounds the
membranes to protect bacteria against environment?
4
PEPTIDOGLYCANS, mesh-like = seperti anyaman atau jala-jala

Name two bacterial genera that have branched filamentous appearances similar to
those of fungi.
5
Nocardia, Actinomyces

What bacterial genus is configurated as grapelike clusters?

6
Staphylococcus

Name two bacterial genera most likely have diplococcus configuration.

7
Streptococcus, Neisseria

Within Gram staining, what stain that is precipitated with iodine/lugol?

8
CRYSTAL VIOLET, C – L – A – S

What is the red counterstain of Gram staining?

9
SAFRANIN, C – L – A - S

What is the decolorizer in Gram staining?

10
Acetone-based decolorizer and water, C – L – A - S

What stain by Gram-negative bacteria could not be retained?##1. Crystal violet#2.

Safranin#3. Carbol-fuchsin#4. Methylene blue
11
1

Gram staining loses dependability for bacteria in which condition?##1. In

stationary-phase cultures#2. Doubling time#3. Bacterial lytic phase#4. Not being
treated with antibiotic
12
1

Which bacterial genus does not have peptidoglycan?##1. Rickettsia#2. Chlamydia or

Chlamydophila#3. Mycobacterium#4. Mycoplasma
13
4
Which is not the reason why we use serologic test?##1. Identify organisms that are
difficult#2. The organisms are too dangerous#3. Organisms do not grow in the
laboratory#4. Associated with specific disease#5. If the previous workup not done
yet#6. Organisms need to be identified rapidly
14
5

Which of the example below associated with using serologic test by the reason of
identifying specific disease?##1. Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7#2. Treponema
pallidum#3. Francisella tularensis#4. Streptococcus pyogenes
15
1

16
Which of the example below associated with using serologic test by the reason of
condition that is too dangerous?##1. Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7#2. Treponema
pallidum#3. Francisella tularensis#4. Streptococcus pyogenes
3

17
Which of the example below associated with using serologic test by the reason of
rapid identification?##1. Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7#2. Treponema
pallidum#3. Francisella tularensis#4. Streptococcus pyogenes
4

A gram-positive bacterium has a thick peptidoglycan layer that contains what

polymers that are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane?##1. Teichoic acid#2.
Lipoteichoic acid#3. N-acetylmuramic acid#4. N-acetylglucosamine acid
18
2

Which layer of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall contains transport,

degradative, and cell wall synthetic proteins?##1. Outer membrane#2. Periplasmic
space#3. Cytoplasmic membrane#4. Nuclear membrane
19
2

20
Which layer of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall contains lipopolysaccharide,
phospholipids, and proteins?##1. Outer membrane#2. Periplasmic space#3. Cytoplasmic
membrane#4. Nuclear membrane
1

A particular strain of bacteria can be distinguished using antibodies to detect

characteristic antigens on the bacteria.#What is the name of a procedure to gain
condition above?
21
Serotyping

Name bacterial species known as the smallest pathogenic bacterium in medical

important.
22
Mycoplasma genitalium

Name two bacterial species known as pathogenic soil bacteria.

23
Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium tetani
Some gram-positive – but never gram-negative – bacteria are spore formers. Under
harsh environmental conditions, such as loss of a nutritional requirement, these
bacteria can convert from a vegetative state to what state?
24
DORMANT STATE = SPORE

What ion/chemical element is crucial for binding of dipicolinic acid in bacterial

spore and stabilizes the spore contents?
25
Calcium

Name seven layers/shells that build of a bacterial spore respectively from the
inner layer.
26
Core of spore – Inner membrane – Spore wall – Cortex – Outer membrane – Protein
coat - Exosporium

What is the name of this process?

27
SPOROGENESIS

Most eukaryotes show production of energy and respiration through process in an

organelle via mitochondria whereas prokaryotes especially bacteria do that through
what component?
28
Via cytoplasmic membrane

Name the bacterial species with its serotype that causes hemorrhagic colitis.
(specific)
29
Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7

What disease could be detected in serologic need for rapid identification of

Streptococcus pyogenes?
30
Streptococcal pharyngitis

Which is not the method for distinguishing bacteria by detection of specific

characteristic DNA sequences?##1. Immunofluorescence#2. Polymerase chain
reaction#3. Hybridization#4. Sequencing
31
1

Which is not method for classifying organisms at the subspecies level for
epidemiologic investigations?##1. Plasmid analysis#2. Ribotyping#3.
Immunofluorescence#4. Analysis of chromosomal DNA fragments
32
3

33
What layer is pointed in the picture?##1. Outer membrane#2. Periplasmic space#3.
Cytoplasmic membrane#4. Nuclear membrane
?
1

What chemical constituent in Gram-negative bacteria has function for permeation of

small hydrophilic molecules and restricts some antibiotics?##1. Lipoprotein#2.
Porin channel#3. Secretory devices#4. Lactamase
34
2

35
What chemical constituent in outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria has function
for penetrating and delivering proteins across membranes, including virulence
factors?##1. Lipoprotein#2. Porin channel#3. Secretory devices#4. Lactamase
3. Secretory devices I, II, III, IV

This structure in bacteria has polysaccharides as chemical constituents for

protection of colony from environment, antimicrobials, and host response?##1.
Spore#2. Capsule#3. Biofilm#4. Peptidoglycan
36
3

What is the function of that pointed structure?##1. Antiphagocytic process#2.

Adherence#3. Apoptosis#4. Activator of innate host protections
37
4 = Lipoteichoic acid

38
What is the function of that pointed structure?##1. Antiphagocytic process#2.
Adherence#3. Strengthens cell wall and calcium ion sequestration#4. Activator of
innate host protections
3 = Teichoic acid

Which is the motor protein?##1. Pili#2. Flagellum#3. Teichoic acid#4. Lipoteichoic

acid
39
2

Which structure has function to strengthens cell wall and calcium ion
sequestration?##1. Porin channel#2. Gram-positive peptidoglycan#3. Plasma
membrane#4. Capsule#5. Teichoic acid
40
5

Unlike eukaryotes, most bacterial chromosomes are a single, double-stranded circle

that is contained not in a nucleus but in a discrete area known as what?
41
NUCLEOID

What is the extrachromosomal DNAs component has selective advantage not for
survival but confer resistance to many antibiotics?
42
PLASMIDS

How many eukaryotic ribosomal subunits?

43
80S = 60S + 40S

Cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria has a lipid bilayer structures similar with those
belong to eukaryotic membrane, but it lacks of a substance/component. What is the
substance/component to be intended?
44
STEROIDS (CHOLESTEROLS)

Which bacterial genus has exception for the lack of substance/component in

cytoplasmic membrane so it makes them distinguished from other bacteria?
45
Mycoplasma

What is the outer membrane structure that acts as potent activator of innate host
responses?
46
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Gram-positive bacteria do not have LPS, so the activator
of innate host responses taken over by lipoteichoic acid

47
What is the Gram-positive bacterial structure that acts as potent activator of
innate host responses?
LIPOTEICHOIC ACID

Which bacterial structure has glycan chains of GlcNAc and MurNAc cross-linked by
peptide bridge?
48
PEPTIDOGLYCAN

Name three components of peptidoglycan.

49
N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), protein such as side
peptide chain, crosslinking peptide chain

Mycoplasma has component in the plasma membrane that other bacteria do not have.
What is it?
50
STEROL

Name three bacterial species has effect on inhibition of phagolysosome fusion.

51
Legionella
Chlamydia
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Name 3 bacterial species that can be resistant to lysosomal enzymes

52
Salmonella typhimurium
Mycobacterium leprae
Coxiella burnetti
Ehrlichia
Leishmania parasites

Name 3 bacterial species that can adapt to cytoplasmic replication.

53
Rickettsia
Francisella
Listeria

Name bacterial species that can cause this condition.

54
Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Name bacterial species that can cause this condition.

55
Staphylococcus aureus

Name bacterial species that can cause this condition.

56
Vibrio cholerae
Name bacterial species that can cause this condition.
57
Clostridium tetani

Name bacterial species that can cause this condition.

58
Clostridium botulinum

Name 2 bacterial species that can be transmitted by inoculation through trauma.

59
Clostridium tetani, Staphylococcus aureus

Name 2 bacterial species that can be transmitted by needlestick route.

60
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus

The surface structures of bacteria are powerful stimulators of host responses that
can be protective but are often major contributors to the disease symptoms. Which
cytokines could be released in acute phase of the disease?
61
IL-1,IL-6, TNF-alpha

The loss of the normal GI bacteria with broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment often
allows the outgrowth of which bacterial species?
62
Clostridium difficile, which causes pseudomembranous colitis.

Burn victims and the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis are at higher risk of
which bacterial infection ?
63
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Large genetic regions in the chromosome or on plasmids that contain sets of genes
encoding numerous virulence factors that may require coordinated expression. What
is these regions called?
64
Pathogenicity islands

Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) is activated by what condition of a

phagocytic vesicle within a macrophage?
65
Acidic pH

66
Which bacterial genus is less likely acquired by inhalation?##1. Chlamydia#2.
Nocardia#3. Bordetella#4. Streptococcus#5. Pseudomonas
5

67
Which is the receptor of Vibrio cholerae?##1. Fibrinogen#2. D-Mannose#3.
Fibronectin#4. Sialic acid#5. Fucose and mannose
5

68
Which is the receptor of Treponema pallidum?##1. Fibrinogen#2. D-Mannose#3.
Fibronectin#4. Sialic acid#5. Fucose and mannose
3
69
Which is the receptor of Staphylococcus aureus?##1. Fibrinogen#2. D-Mannose#3.
Fibronectin#4. Sialic acid#5. Fucose and mannose
1

70
Which is the adhesin of Staphylococcus spp.?##1. MSCRAMM#2. P1, P2, P3#3. P1
adhesin#4. Clumping factor A#5. Cell surface lectin
1

71
Which is the adhesin of Vibrio cholerae?##1. F protein#2. Type 4 pili#3. P1
adhesin#4. Clumping factor A#5. Fimbriae
2

72
P fimbriae is one of the adhesin of which species?##1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae#2.
Streptococcus pneumoniae#3. Escherichia coli#4. Chlamydia trachomatis#5. Treponema
pallidum
3

73
Type 1 fimbriae is one of the adhesin of which species?##1. Neisseria
gonorrhoeae#2. Streptococcus pneumoniae#3. Escherichia coli#4. Chlamydia
trachomatis#5. Treponema pallidum
3

74
Type 1 fimbriae is an adhesin of for which receptor?##1. D-Mannose#2. GM
ganglioside 1#3. P blood group glycolipid#4. Fucose and mannose#5. GD1 ganglioside
3

75
Fimbriae is an adhesin of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for which receptor?##1. D-
Mannose#2. GM ganglioside 1#3. P blood group glycolipid#4. Fucose and mannose#5.
GD1 ganglioside
5

76
Which toxin has gene located in certain phage?##1. Pertussis toxin#2. Shiga-
toxin#3. Pseudomonas exotoxin A#4. Diphtheria toxin#5. Shiga-like toxin
4

77
Which toxin has biological effect that is similar or identical with diphtheria
toxin?##1. Pertussis toxin#2. Shiga-toxin#3. Pseudomonas exotoxin A#4. Botulinum
toxin#5. Shiga-like toxin
3

78
Which bacterial species has protective antigen?##1. Bordetella pertussis#2.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa#3. Bacillus anthracis#4. Shigella dysenteriae#5. Treponema
pallidum
3

79
Which bacterial species has toxin targetted to globotriaosylceramide (Gb3)?##1.
Bordetella pertussis#2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa#3. Bacillus anthracis#4. Shigella
dysenteriae#5. Treponema pallidum
4

80
Neisseria gonorrhoeae attaches sialic acid to its lipooligosaccharide (LOS) to
inhibit complement activation. Why?##1. To compensate for the lack of O antigen#2.
To limit the chemotaxis of leukocytes#3. To lyse phagocytic cells#4. To escape and
grow in cytoplasma
1