Opportunistic Mycoses

Rizka A. Maghfirah

1. The fungi beside is actually a normal flora in human body. Where is the site of
colony?
Gastrointestinal tract
2

2. Mention 2 environmental factors that can initiate the transformation Candida

yeast to hypha.
pH, temperature
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3. The ability of Candida spp. to rapidly switch from one morphotype to another has
been termed
Genotypic swithching
Phenotypic switching
Genotypic drifting
Phenotypic drifting
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4

4. Which species that is associated to “true emerging cause of bloodstream

infection”?

1
2
3
4
5
1. C. Glabrata
2. C. Tropicalis
3. C. Albicans
4. C. Dubliniensis
5. C. krusei

5. Which species that is rarely causing candidiasis?

1
2
3
4
1. C. Glabrata
2. C. Tropicalis
3. C. Albicans
4. C. krusei

6. Which species that doesn’t produce pseudohyphae and true hyphae?

1
2
3
4
5
1. C. Glabrata
2. C. Tropicalis
3. C. Albicans
4. C. Dubliensis
5. C. krusei

7. Which species that forms germ tubes and terminal thick-walled chlamydoconidia?

1
2
3
4
5
1. C. Glabrata
2. C. Tropicalis
3. C. Albicans
4. C. Dubliensis
5. C. krusei

8. The staining method below is recommended to stain Candida sp. Except...

periodic acid–Schiff
Gomori methenamine silver
Hematoxylin and eosin
Gridley fungus stains
3
9

9. Which species that predominate causing bloodstream infection in infant?

1. C. glabrata
2. C. tropicalis
3. C. parapsilosis
4. C. dubliniensis
5. C. krusei

3
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10. Which species that predominate causing bloodstream infection in adult?

1. C. glabrata
2. C. tropicalis
3. C. parapsilosis
4. C. dubliniensis
5. C. krusei
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11. widespread hematogenous dissemination of candidiasis will involve these target

organs, except...
Lien
Ren
Eye
Ear
Brain

4
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12. What is the most likely predisposing factor?

AIDS
Corticosteroid user
Cancer
Organ transplantation

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13. What is the other name of mucosal candidiasis?

Trush
Thrush
Trus
Thrus
2
14

14. Name 3 organ that mucosal candidiasis commonly occur?

Oropharynx
Esophagus
Intestine
vagina
15

15. There are many presentation of mucosal candidiasis. Which one is occur as
nonremovable white thickening of epithelium?
Pseudomembranous type
Chelitis
Erythematous
Leukoplakia
4
16

16. There are many presentation of mucosal candidiasis. Which one reveals a raw
bleeding surface when scraped?
Pseudomembranous type
Chelitis
Erythematous
Leukoplakia
1
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17. There are many presentation of mucosal candidiasis. Which one ?

Pseudomembranous type
Cheilitis
Erythematous
Leukoplakia
2
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18. What is the staining that useful to detect Candida sp.?

GMS, PAS, gridley
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19. What is the treatment for Mucosal and cutaneous candidiasis?

topical creams, lotions, ointments, and suppositories containing various azole
antifungal agents
fluconazole or itraconazole.

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20. What is the treatment of cystitis due to Candida infection?

amphotericin B directly into the bladder (bladder wash) or by oral administration
of fluconazole
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21. Mention 2 EAs of Cryptococcosis#

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii
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22. Which is the serotype of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A, D, AD
A, B, AB
B, C, BC
B and C
A, C, AC
1
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23. Which is the serotype of Cryptococcus gattii?

A, D, AD
A, B, AB
B, C, BC
B and C
A, C, AC
4
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24. Mention 2 varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans (with the serotype)

var. grubii (serotype A) and var. neoformans (serotype D)
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25. mucin stain such as Mayer mucicarmine, is very useful to detect what structure
of Cryptococcus neoformans?
capsule
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26. Fontana-Masson stain is useful to detect what pigment in Cryptococcus

neoformans cell wall?
melanin
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27. Name the clinical disease of CNS cryptococcis

Cerebromeningeal disease
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28. The skin lesion that is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans is mimicking what
viral infection?
HSV-1
VZV
Molluscum contagiosum virus
HHV-8
Measles virus
3
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29. on niger seed agar , Cryptococcus neoformans will occur as what color?
brown to black
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30. What is biochemical test that useful to detect Cryptococcus neoformans?

directly testing for phenoloxidase activity (positive).
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31. cryptococcal meningitis is made by direct detection of an antigen of

Cryptococcus sp. What i the antigen?
Capsular polysaccharide antigen
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32. In addition to prompt administration of appropriate antifungal therapy,

effective management of cryptococcal meningitis?
effective management of CNS pressure and immune reconstitution inflammatory
syndrome (IRIS) are crucial to successful treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. All
patients should receive amphotericin B plus flucytosine acutely for
2 weeks (induction therapy), followed by 8-week consolidation with either oral
fluconazole (preferred) or itraconazole
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33. AIDS patients with cerebral cryptococcus generally require lifelong maintenance
therapy with
fluconazole or itraconazole
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34. Mention 4 genera of fungi that is non-Candida, non-Cryptococcus yeastlike

pathogens, nosocomial infections
Malassezia spp., Trichosporon spp., Rhodotorula spp., and Blastoschizomyces
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35. Name 2 opportunistic fungi that is usually catheter related and tend to occur
in premature infants or other patients receiving lipid infusions
(Malassezia furfur and M. pachydermatis
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36. Which one is the causing of otitis in dog?

Malassezia furfur
Malassezia pachydermatis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Blastoschizomyces capitatus
2
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37. To culture Malassezia furfur what is the substance that is added to media?
sterile olive oil. Olive oil provides the lipid requirement, and growth should be
detected in 3 to 5 days
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38. What is the Treatment of fungemia caused by Malassezia spp?

lipid infusion is stopped and the intravascular lines are removed
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39. What is the causative agen of superficial skin infection?

Trichosporon asteroides
Trichosporon asahii
Trichosporon mucoides
Trichosporon inkin
Trichosporon ovoides
1
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40. What is the causative agen of white piedra of the scalp?

Trichosporon asteroides
Trichosporon asahii
Trichosporon mucoides
Trichosporon inkin
Trichosporon ovoides
5
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41. What is the causative agen of white piedra in pubic hair?

Trichosporon asteroides
Trichosporon asahii
Trichosporon mucoides
Trichosporon inkin
Trichosporon ovoides
4
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42. What is the causative agen of deep invasive infections?

Trichosporon asteroides
Trichosporon cutaneum
Trichosporon mucoides
Trichosporon inkin
Trichosporon ovoides
3
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43. Chronic hepatic trichosporonosis may mimic hepatic infection by ...

Candida sp
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44. Mention 2 microsporidian species that is caused enteric disease

Encephalitozoon intestinalis (syn. Septata intestinalis), Enterocytozoon bienusi
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45. The black arrow is pointed to what structure of Aspergillus terreus?

A-leu-rio-co-ni-dia
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46. Species?
Aspergillus niger
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47. Which one is Aspergillus fumigatus

1 A. Fumigatus
2. a. Terreus
3. A. Niger
4. A. flavus
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48. Which one is Aspergillus niger

1 A. Fumigatus
2. a. Terreus
3. A. Niger
4. A. flavus
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49. Which one is Aspergillus flavus

1 A. Fumigatus
2. a. Terreus
3. A. Niger
4. A. flavus
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50. Which one is Aspergillus terreus

1 A. Fumigatus
2. a. Terreus
3. A. Niger
4. A. flavus
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51. Mention 3 genera of pathogenic mucorales

In the order Mucorales, pathogenic genera include Rhizopus, Mucor, Lichtheimia
(formerly Absidia), Rhizomucor, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, Syncephalastrum, and
Apophysomyces
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52. Genus?
Rhizopus
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53. Species?
Fusarium oxysporum.
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54. Species?
Scedosporium apiospermum (Pseudallescheria apiosperma)
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55. Name the diasease that is caused by this agent

phaeohypomycosis
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56. Species?
Pneumocytis jirovecii
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