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Science-Grade 8
Learner Activity Sheets
Quarter 1- Week 4b: Colors of Light

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writer: Annieliz R. Villacorta

Regional Validators: Edna E. Trinidad, EdD

Jomel C. Montero
Ma. Cristina G. Ballesteros
Lovie Kim P. Ocura
Eugene D. Manulat

Division Validators: Gersim S. Lumintac

Azucena L. Simbol
Alberto M. Orias, Jr.

Management Team:

Ma. Teresa M. Real, Schools Division Superintendent

Leonevee V. Silvosa, CESE , Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Dominico P. Larong Jr., CID Chief
Gemma L. Pullos PhD., LR Manager
Gersim S. Lumintac PhD., Science Education Program Supervisor

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
Page 0
Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 8, Quarter 1, Week 4b

COLORS OF LIGHT
Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________

Most Essential Learning Competency

Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to the energy of visible light. (S8FE-If-27)

Learning Objectives:
The learners shall be able to:
1. infer that white light is made up of different colors of light;
2. demonstrate the existence of the color components of visible light using a spectrum;
3. explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to energy, wavelengths and frequencies; and
4. appreciate the spectacular events in the sky like rainbows, red sunset and blue sky.

Time Allotment: 2 hours

Key Concepts
 Light exhibits the characteristics and properties of a wave. It is classified as an
electromagnetic wave located between the spectrum of infrared and ultraviolet. As an
electromagnetic wave it does not need a medium in order to propagate. It moves in its
maximum speed in vacuum. But this speed decreases as it moves along different media.

(Credit: NASA's Imagine the Universe)

Figure 1. Comparison of wavelength, frequency and energy for the electromagnetic spectrum

 Refraction is the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another of
different optical densities.

(Credit: Science 8 LM) (Credit: Science 8 LM)

Figure 2. Show me the coin Figure 3. The Broken Pencil

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
Page 1
Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
  Light travels so fast. It is approximated to travel at a speed of 3 x 108 m/s in a vacuum.
This speed decreases when light travels in a dense medium. This means that the speed
of light is dependent on the properties of the medium. In the case of light, it is dependent
on the optical density of the medium.
o Physical density is described as the mass per unit volume of the medium.
o Optical density, the sluggishness of the atoms of a medium to maintain the
absorbed energy before reemitting.

 When light crosses the boundary of two media of different optical density, a change in
speed takes place. This change in speed is manifested as bending of the light ray.

(Credit: Science 8 LM) (Credit: Science 8 LM)

Figure 4. Refraction of light in air Figure 5. Refraction of Light in Water

 In Figure 5, light travels from air to water. We observe that the incident angle (<i) is
greater than the angle of refraction (<r). We can see that the light ray refracts or bends
towards the normal. Thus, light bends towards the normal when traveling from a less
dense medium to a higher density medium.

 The refractive index of many materials (such as glass) varies with the wavelength or color
of the light used. This causes the different colors of light to be refracted differently. They
leave the prism at different angles, creating an effect similar to a rainbow.

 As a rule, longer wavelengths bend the least and shorter wavelengths bend the most
during refraction or dispersion. Differential bending causes separation of colors.

 Table 1. The wavelength of the different colors of light

Color Wavelength (nm) Refractive index (n)

(crown glass)
Violet- Indigo 399-455 1.530
Blue 455-492 1.525
Green 492-577 1.520
Yellow 577-597 1.518
Orange 597-622 1.515
Red 622-700 1.512

 A known indicator of the optical density of a material is the index of refraction of the
material. Index of refraction represented by the symbol n is the ratio of the speed of light
in vacuum and its speed in another medium. In symbols;

n= speed of light in vacuum = C

speed of light in material v

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
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Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
  The index of refraction of a material is a quantity that compares the speed of light in
that material to its speed in a vacuum. Since the speed of light in vacuum is the highest
attainable speed in the universe, the index of refraction is always greater than 1. The n
values of other media are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Index of Refraction of other materials

Materials Index of Refraction

Diamond 2.147
Zircon 1.923
Light flint glass 1.580
Crown glass 1.520
Ethyl alcohol 1.510
Water 1.360
Ice air 1.310
Vacuum 1.000

 With the table of indices, one can predict the index of refraction of other media. This
can be done using “Law of Refraction or Snell’s Law” as shown below:

 When Isaac Newton first experimented with a prism, the bending resulted in a showcase
of colors of light. This phenomenon is particularly known as dispersion.

 Dispersion, is a phenomenon in which white light separates into its component colors.

 A prism is a transparent element with flat and polished surfaces that disperse light.
Usually a prism has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Prisms can be made from
any transparent materials like glass, plastic or fluorite. Water in a glass can also acts
as prism. It also breaks white light into constituent colors namely: red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo and violet (ROYGBIV).

(Credit: physics.stackexchange.com)
Figure 6. Dispersion of light
 The frequency of light wave refers to the number of waves that move past a certain point
in one second. It is generally measured in Hertz, the units of cycles per second.

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
Page 3
Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
  Wave frequency is directly proportional to wave energy.
o The more energy in the wave, the higher its frequency.
o The lower the frequency is, the less energy in the wave.
o Violet has the highest energy while red has the lowest energy.

 Related to energy and frequency is the wavelength, or the distance between

corresponding points on subsequent waves. You can measure wavelength from peak to
peak, trough to trough or between two consecutive corresponding points of waves.

(Credit: nasa.gov)
Figure 7. Wavelength

 Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency.

o The longer wavelength travels slowly and has low frequency and energy.
o The shorter wavelength travels faster and has higher frequency and energy.
o The shortest wavelength is violet, and the longest wavelength is red.

(Credit: shutterstock.com)
Figure 8. The Visible Spectrum

 Higher frequencies (blue) are more absorbed than those with lower frequencies (red).
This process is called Rayleigh scattering, named after Lord John Rayleigh, an
English Physicist, who first described it in the 1870’s.
 Sunlight reaches Earth's atmosphere and is scattered in all directions by all the
gases and particles in the air. Blue light is scattered more than the other colors
because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of
the time.
 During sunset, the light has to travel longer than usual. Therefore, the sun’s
brightness seems to decrease. You notice that yellow, orange and red are the
dominant colors that you see because the shorter wavelength colors (green, blue,
indigo, violet) are already scattered. Only longer wavelengths reach your eyes.
 The retina of the human eye contains rods and cones. Rods enable you to see in
black and white in dim light. Cones provide you with color vision in bright light.
 A rainbow is formed by the dispersion of sunlight. You will usually see a rainbow
during a shower when the sun is low in the sky. When sunlight passes through
each spherical raindrop, it is refracted and dispersed and then internally reflected
one or more times before it finally emerges out of the raindrop, where, it is again
refracted and dispersed some more.

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
Page 4
Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
 Activity 1: Rainbow, Rainbow on the Wall

Objective:

Infer that white light is made up of different colors of light.

What you need:

water, sunlight, a clear glass, small mirror

What to do:
1. Fill the glass with water.
2. Put the mirror into the water inside the glass at an angle.

(Credit: rookieparenting.com)
Figure 8. The Visible Spectrum

3. Position the glass so that sunlight shines directly at the mirror. You may have to
shift the mirror to find the right angle.
4. Look for a reflection on the wall. It would be easier to see if the room is dark.
5. Adjust the angle of the mirror until you see a rainbow on the wall

Warning: Do not look directly at the sun or at the reflection of sun in a mirror.

Note:
Please perform this activity during sunny day.

Guide Questions: Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the process of separating white light into its component
colors?
________________

2. List and arrange the observed colors according to how they appear on the wall.
_____,_____, _____, _____, _____,_____, _____

3. What popular mnemonic device (code) could you give to remember

the colors of the rainbow?
__________ ___ ________

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
Page 5
Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
 Activity 2: Color my World

Objective:
Demonstrate the existence of the color components of visible light using a
spectrum.
What you need:
crayons, pen, Color Spectrum Wheel

What to do:
1. Color the spectrum wheel based on the given corresponding frequency,
wavelength and energy.

Refer to the color spectrum wheel above in filling up the table below.
Table 3. The frequency, wavelength and energy of colors
Color Frequency (THz) Wavelength (nm) Energy (eV)
Red 422 700 1.77
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Note:
1 Terahertz (THz) is equal to1012
1 Nanometers (nm) is equal 10-9
1 Electron volt (eV) is equal to 1.6 x 10-19 Joule

Guide Questions: Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which color registered the highest frequency? ______ shortest wavelength? ______
greatest energy? _________
2. Which color registered the lowest frequency? ______ longest wavelength? ______
least energy? _________

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
Page 6
Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
 Activity 3: #Relationship

Objective:
Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to energy, wavelengths and
frequencies.

What you need:

electromagnetic spectrum

What to do:
1. Use the illustration below in answering the questions that follow.
2. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

(Credit: miniphysics.com)
Figure 9. Electromagnetic spectrum
Guide Questions:

PART A. Which color has the …

1. shortest wavelength? ______________
2. longest wavelength? ______________
3. lowest frequency? ________________
4. highest frequency? _______________
5. lowest energy? __________________

PART B. Complete the statement by underlining the correct term

1. Orange has (shorter, longer) wavelength than violet
2. Yellow has (lesser, higher) energy than blue
3. Green has (lower, higher) frequency than red
4. Red has (lesser, higher) energy than violet
5. Blue has (shorter, longer) in wavelength than red

PART C.
1. What is the relationship between the color’s wavelength and frequency?
___________________________________________________________
2. What is the relationship between the color’s frequency and energy?
_______________________________________________________
3. What is the relationship between the color’s energy and wavelength?
_________________________________________________________

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
Page 7
Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
 Reflection

Light is a magical experience, from when the sun rises to when the sun sets.
It is a wonderful world when we have light. Without light, you would not see anything
at all. Light has many important purposes. Give practical applications of light and
light phenomena in real-life situation. Write your 5-sentence answer in a separate sheet
of paper.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Scoring

3 points Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the

concepts, and has no misconception.
2 points Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
concepts but with minimal misconception.
1 point Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts but
with misconceptions.

References for learners:

Abecilla, Nesjohn L., et. al. 2014. Conceptual Science and Beyond 8. Quezon City:
Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc.
Campo, Pia C., et.al. 2013. Science 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of
Education
Campo, Pia C., et.al. 2013. Science 8 Teacher’s Guide. Pasig City: Department of
Education
Rabago, Lilia., Ph.D., et.al. 2014. Science and Technology 8. Quezon City: Vibal
Publishing House, Inc.

Online Resources:
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/65812/why-do-prisms-work-why-is-
refraction-frequency-dependent
https://www.google.com/search?q=refraction+of+light+by+prism&rlz=1C1PRFI_enPH844
PH844&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjwqzS-LvxAhXEumMGHfB-
Bt0Q_AUoAnoECAEQBQ&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=u9aTFd2LQee1rM
https://www.rookieparenting.com/make-your-own-rainbow-science-experiment
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+visible+light&rlz=1C1PRFI_enPH844PH844&sour
ce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk6JfzlLzxAhXbyzgGHbxtDw0Q_AUoAXoE
CAEQ BA&biw=1366&bih=600#imgrc=V7t2k0YOpOTCwM
https://www.miniphysics.com/electromagnetic-spectrum_25.html
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/visible+light+spectrum+wavelength+frequency
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/blue-sky/en/

Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta

School/Station: Balite National High School
Page 8
Division: Surigao del Norte
email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
 email address: annieliz.villacorta@deped.gov.ph
Division: Surigao del Norte
Page 9
School/Station: Balite National High School
Author: Annieliz R. Villacorta
Activity 3
Guide questions
PART A. PART B.
1. violet 1. longer
2. red 2. lesser
3. red 3. higher
4. violet 4. lesser
5. red 5. shorter
PART C.
1. Wavelength is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to Frequency
The longer the WAVELENGTH, the lower the FREQUENCY
The shorter the WAVELENGTH, the higher the FREQUENCY
2. Frequency is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to Energy
The higher the FREQUENCY, the higher the ENERGY
The lower the FREQUENCY, the lower the ENERGY
3. Energy is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to WAVELENGTH
The higher the ENERGY, the shorter the WAVELENGTH
The lesser the ENERGY, the longer the WAVELENGTH
Activity 2
Table 1.
Color Frequency Wavelength Energy
(THz) (nm) (eV)
Red 422 700 1.77
Orange 484 620 2.00 Activity 1
Yellow 517 580 2.14 Guide questions
Green 566 530 2.34
1. Dispersion
Blue 638 470 2.60
2. red, orange,
Violet 744 400 2.95
yellow, green, blue,
Guide questions
indigo, violet
1. violet, violet, violet
3. ROY G. BIV
2. red, red, red
Answer Key