Introduction to ACT 2 Chemistry

**Chemistry: Study of matter and changes in it.

**Matter: Anything that has mass and volume.

**Mass: amount of substance (matter).

50 yh
**Weight: amount of matter affected by the
gravitational force (g) and it is affected by height.

05 o
6
25 .M
**Substances: It’s the substance which has a uniform
and unchanging composition (pure substance) e.g. table
salt, water
22 /M
Note: The sea water isn’t a substance because its
composition varies from one place to another.
t
01 is

Properties of
matter
+2 em
Ch

Physical Chemical
Properties Properties

1|Page
 Properties that can
Properties that can
be observed with
be observed
changing the
without changing
sample
the sample

50 y
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION

h
05 o
6
25 .M
e.g. density,color,odor,taste e.g. The ability of iron
22 /M
hardness, melting point to rust, the paper is
able to burn.
t

Physical
01 is

Properties
+2 em

Intensive Extensive
Ch

Properties properties

Independent on dependent on
the amount of the amount of
matter e.g. matter e.g.
density, color, Mass, Length,
2|Page odor, taste Volume
 **States Of Matter:

Solid Liquid Gas

Definite Shape Take the shape Take the shape
of the container of the container
Definite volume Definite Volume No definite

50 y
volume

h
Incompressible Incompressible Compressible
Particles are Particles aren’t Particles are very

05 o
tightly packed to tightly packed far from each

6
25 .M
each other
Intermolecular
forces are strong
Intermolecular
forces are
other
Intermolecular
forces are very
22 /M
moderate weak
Intermolecular Intermolecular Intermolecular
spaces are very spaces are spaces are very
t

small moderate large

e.g. Wax, Marble Blood, Water, Methan, Neon
01 is

Wood Mercury
+2 em

**Law of Conservation Of Mass: Mass is neither

created nor destroyed but change from one form to
another. Mass Reactants = Mass products
Ch

**Element: Pure substance which can’t be separated

into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

e.g. oxygen, gold, copper.

**Compound: combination between two or more diff.

elements that are combined chemically, e.g. Water, salt

N.B. Compounds can be broken by chemical means.

3|Page
 **Mixtures**

Mixtures

It’s the combination of

50 y
two or more pure

h
substances in which each

05 o
sub. Keeps its individual

6
25 .M chemical properties
22 /M

Heterogeneous Homogeneous
t

Mixture. Mixture.
01 is

Its components remain Its components Blend

+2 em

distinct (i.e. in two Smoothly (i.e. Solution,

phases) e.g. Sand and One Phase) e.g. Salt
water, Salad and Water
Ch

**Separating Mixtures**

It’s a process to separate the components of the

mixtures because they are combined physically.

4|Page
 Separation
Techniques

50 yh
05 o
6
25 .M
Filtration
Distillation

Based on the
differences
Crystallizat-
ion
Chromatog
raphy

Separates
22 /M
in the boiling the
Uses a Formation of
points of the components
porous pure solid
components of the
barrier to substance
of the mixture on
separate
t

from solution the

solid from mixture.
containing tendency of
01 is

liquid **Separate the dissolved each to

**Separate Homogenou substance travel across
+2 em

Heterogene s Mixtures **Separate surface of

ous Homogenous another
E.g. Ethanol
mixtures Mixtures material
and Water
Ch

E.g. Water E.g. copper **Separate

and Sand sulphate in Homogenou
water s Mixtures

5|Page