Lesson 7

Grounding
and procedures for grounding process

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 OBJECTIVES
1. Function of grounding
2.The types of grounding
3.Difference between system grounding and
equipment grounding.
4.State steps and procedures for connecting and
removing the portable protective ground.
5.explain the importance of protective grounding.

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GROUNDING
AND PROCEDURES
FOR GROUNDING
PROCESS

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REMMEMBER
DON’T FORGET THIS

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 INTRODUCTION

The primary purpose of

grounding is to provide
protection against electrical
shock to personnel while
working on de-energized lines
IS THERE Other sources of hazardous energy?

THINK
Other sources of hazardous energy may include:
A-Stored energy (capacitors).
B-Static build-up.
C-Faulted equipment.
D-Electromagnetic coupling.
E-High Voltage testing.
H-Instrument transformer back-feed.
 FUNCTION OF GROUNDING
Ground or earth is:
• The reference point in an electrical circuit from
which voltages are measured
• A common return path for electric current
• A direct physical connection to the Earth In
electrical power distribution systems,
• a protective ground conductor is an essential
part of the safety Earthing System
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM NETWORK GROUNDING
 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM NETWORK GROUNDING

A grounding system has two distinct parts:

 System Grounding is the electrical connection of
one of the current carrying conductors of the electrical
system to the ground.
 Equipment Grounding is the electrical connection of

all the metal parts that do not carry current of all

electrical equipment to the ground.
 SYSTEM GROUNDING

There are three types for

star winding connection as:
 Solid grounding connection
(Most common).

 Grounding through resistance

 Grounding through reactance

System Grounding for Star Connection Winding
Equipment Grounding
IMPORTANCE OF PROTECTIVE GROUNDING
STEPS AND ILLUSTRATION OF PROTECTIVE
GROUNDING FOR STAFF
The basic steps involved in the installation and removal
of protective grounding equipment is as follows:
1-De-energize the electrical equipment by isolating all
possible electrical sources to the equipment.
2-For MV systems, it is a requirement
to get a“visual open” in the circuit.
STEPS AND ILLUSTRATION OF PROTECTIVE
GROUNDING FOR STAFF
This can be achieved either by:
A-Opening a solid-blade switch that can be visualized
B-“Racking out” a circuit breaker by removing it from
contact with an electrical bus
C-Any other means that positively separates the
electrical contacts in an energy isolating device.
STEPS AND ILLUSTRATION OF PROTECTIVE
GROUNDING FOR STAFF
3-Follow normal Lockout /Tag
out (LOTO) procedures.
4- perform a 3-point test with
a sensitive voltage testing
STEPS AND ILLUSTRATION OF PROTECTIVE
GROUNDING FOR STAFF
5-clean the conductors before
connecting grounding cables to
them
6- grounding cables must be
installed and removed in a
specific order
 Caution
There have been fatalities when

workers attempted to move or

remove the ground connections

while the jumpers were still

connected to the phase

conductors.
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Ground Fault Current, simple example

This system is dangerous: Don't

act as grounding conductor
Make sure equipment is
grounded

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 Ground Fault Current, simple example

57.5 A

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 Ground Fault Current, simple example

This system is safe:

the green ground take the charge

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 Ground Fault Current, simple example

I=

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 Ground Fault Current, simple example

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The dangers of electricity