COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER

LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

LESSON 1: DEMOGRAPHY DATA COLLECTION METHODS

DEMOGRAPHY SURVEYS
● Administration of an interview form to a portion of a target
DEFINITION population that has been systematically selected.
● Mathematical & statistical study of SIZE, CENSUS
COMPOSITION, & SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION of HUMAN ● Complete count of individuals or entities residing in a
POPULATIONS & of changes over time in these aspects specific place at a specific time
through the operation of 5 processes of: ○ Registries - data from barangay centers, have the
○ Fertility - how does it affect population size number of individuals in the community as well as
■ High Fertility = high population voters registration
○ Mortality - the number of deaths ■ Ex
■ High mortality= low population ● Voter’s registration - does not collect
○ Migration the complete population within the
■ Immigration - individuals coming in, community because hindi naman lahat
increases population 18 and above with voters
■ Emigration - individuals coming out ● PSA - can contain data about mortality,
decreases population morbidity, etc.
○ Marriage ○ Synthetic Data
■ Affects population and characteristics
○ Social Mobility POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
■ Social status and changes ● Dispersal of population, usually by country
● 3 phenomena ● Describes how people are spread across a specific area
○ Observe and describe the population size, ● Measures of Population distribution
composition and distribution (geographically) ○ By Type of Community
DEMOGRAPHY AIMS TO: ○ By Barangay, Municipality, City, Province, or Region
● Determine the number & distribution of a population in
certain area for planning, priority, setting and for
purposes of fund allocation
○ Based on sex, age, socio demographic profile and
other variables in describing a population
■ Helps in formulation and prioritization of
health programs
■ Example: low fertility rate and high life
expectancy - meaning aging population is
high
● Therefore we do not prioritize maternity
health but the geriatric health,
● By this we can determine why the
fertility rate is low an how it can affect POPULATION CONCENTRATION
the population resulting to low ● AKA population density
independent/productive population ● Ratio of number individuals to physical space
resulting to low economy ● Measure of distribution that indicates the level of
● Determine growth and/or decline and dispersal of concentration or dispersion
population in the past. ● Measured in terms of density
● Establish a causal relationship between population trends ○ Population in the area / total land area
and various aspects of social organization ○ Unit: Person per square km
● Predict future developments & their possible
consequences.
POPULATION SIZE
● Total number individuals in a population
● First “demographic fact” employed in describing a
population
● Measured in terms of the number of individuals who
reside within a defined geographic area at a specified
time
● Other measures: number of households or families
● Methodology
○ Census complete collection or identification of
population size
■ Binibilang lahat ng members

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COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

POPULATION COMPOSITION DESCRIBING POPULATION COMPOSITION

● Combined demographic characteristics of persons within SEX COMPOSITION
a geographical data 1. Sex Ratio
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 2. Sex Structure
● Attributes that give a population its character AGE COMPOSITION
● Biosocial Characteristics 1. Median Age
○ Age, Sex, Race, & Ethnicity - three major 2. Dependency Ratio
elements AGE–SEX COMPOSITION
● Sociocultural Characteristics - part of social 1. Population Pyramid
determinants of health, extrinsic non-medical factors that SEX COMPOSITION
drive the health of the population
○ Marital SEX RATIO
○ Status / Family Structure
● Compares number of males to the number of females
○ Income 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
■ Low class ● Formula: 𝑆𝑒𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = ( 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 ) × 100
■ Middle class ● Number of males per 100 males
● low income ● Importance of describing and determining the sex ratio:
● high income ○ Fertility rate lowers when male or female individuals
■ High class are lowered causing an increase in death rate or
○ Education - depends on the the population is decreasing which translates to
■ Quality and level of education dictates the lowered work force which leads to low economy
job you get EXAMPLE
■ Educational attainment: highschool Ex. Calculate the sex ratio for the year 2020 in the Philippines
graduate, masteral if there were 55,741,000 males and 55,306,000 females.
○ Occupation/Industry/Employment - employed or
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
unemployed plus industry ● 𝑆𝑒𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = ( 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 ) × 100
○ Religion - actually a social determinant of health 55,741,000
● 𝑆𝑒𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = ( 55,306,000 ) × 100
● 𝑆𝑒𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 100. 87 = 101 - wala naman kasing
decimal na individuals
● Interpretation: In 2020, there were 101 males for every
100 females in the Philippines or For every 100 females
in the Philippines in 2020, there were about 101 males
COUNTRIES WITH HIGH SEX RATIO (WORLD
POPULATION REVIEW)
● Due to high immigrant workers especially filipinos
1. Qatar : 266 males per 100 females - 88% of
population are migrant workers
2. UAE : 228 males per 100 females
3. Bahrain : 164 males per 100 females
4. Oman : 157 males per 100 females
WHY DO YOU NEED TO KNOW THE POPULATION 5. Kuwait: 156 males per 100 females
COMPOSITION OF THE COMMUNITY? COUNTRIES WITH HIGH SEX RATIO (WORLD
POPULATION REVIEW)
1. Qatar : 302 males per 100 females
2. UAE : 224 males per 100 females
3. Oman : 194 males per 100 females
4. Maldives : 174 males per 100 females
5. Bahrain : 154 males per 100 females
COUNTRIES WITH LOW SEX RATIO (WORLD
POPULATION REVIEW)
1. China : 84.48 M per 100 F
2. Martinique : 85.00 per 100 F
● So that we can allocate the health resources to those 3. Curacao : 85.28 per 100 F
who really needs it and can’t afford it, proper allocation of 4. Nepal : 85. 48 per 100 F
resources so that we can practice equity and not equality 5. Guadeloupe : 85.49 per 100 F
DIFFERENCE OF EQUALITY AND EQUITY
● Equity - giving resources/opportunities to those that need SEX STRUCTURE / SEX DISTRIBUTION
it ● Aka Sex ratio in different categories
● Equality - same resources are given despite the ● Compares sex ratio across different categories (age,
background community type)
● Age-Sex Distribution – most common

Prepared by: TORRE, Bill Ritchie C., MT2C PAGE 2

COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
Calculate the median age Median Age and provide
interpretation with the given table

● Just get the total male population of 0-14 and 65 and

above divide it to total population of female of 0-14 and
65 and above and that is your sex ratio ● Median Population:
○ 19,995,800/19442800 ○ 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 =
𝑛
2
● 15-64 referred to as the productive group 108,274,800
● Interpretation : There is usually a higher sex ratio in the ○ 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 2
= 54, 137, 400
younger age groups and lower sex ratio at the older age ○ 54, 137, 400 falls between 25-29 age group
groups. ● Median Age:
𝑛
−𝑐
○ 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐴𝑔𝑒 = 𝑙 + 2
× ℎ
AGE COMPOSITION 𝑐𝑓
■ 𝑙 = 25
MEDIAN AGE ■ 𝑐 = 9, 970, 100
● Get total of final cumulative frequency which will be used ■ 𝑓 =9
in finding the median class as well as the median age ■ ℎ = 29 − 25 = 4
108,274,800
● Value which cuts off the upper 50% and lower 50% of the −9,970,100
○ 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐴𝑔𝑒 = 25 + 2
× 4
ages of the population 62,593,200
● Formulas ● Interpretation : The median age of the population is 28
𝑛 years. Or 50% of the population is younger than 28 years
○ 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 2
of age.
■ Age Group with Cumulative frequency
AGE-DEPENDENCY RATIO
greater than the computed value is the
median class ● # of dependents to be supported for every 100
𝑛
−𝑐 economically-productive person.
○ 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐴𝑔𝑒 = 𝑙 + 2
× ℎ 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑐𝑓 ● Formula: 𝐴𝐷𝑅 = ( 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ) × 100
■ l = lower limit of median class
○ Dependent Population : 0-14 y/o and >65 y/o
■ c = frequency of class preceding the median
○ Productive Population : 15 –64 y/o
class
■ cf = cumulative frequency of median class
■ h = width of median class

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COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

EXAMPLE AGE-SEX COMPOSITION

Calculate the ADR and provide interpretation with the given
table POPULATION PYRAMID

● Graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of

● Compute for the number of dependent population
○ #𝐷𝑃 = 𝐴𝑔𝑒 0 𝑡𝑜14 + 𝐴𝑔𝑒 65 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒
■ To get ng mabilisan, tumingin ka sa
cumulative frequency sa 10-14
● 𝐴𝑔𝑒 0 𝑡𝑜 14 = 33, 126, 400
■ To get this ng mabilisan, tingin ka cf ng sa 80
and above at sa 60-64, subtract the 80 and
above cf to 60-64 cf
● 𝐴𝑔𝑒 65 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 = 5, 818, 995
○ #𝐷𝑃 = 𝐴𝑔𝑒 0 𝑡𝑜 14 + 𝐴𝑔𝑒 65 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒
○ #𝐷𝑃 = 33, 126, 400 + 5, 818, 995
○ #𝐷𝑃 = 38, 942, 899
● Compute for the number of productive population
○ To get this ng mabilisan subtract cf 10-14 to cf
60-64
■ #𝐷𝑃 = 69, 329, 900
● Solve for the ADR
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
○ 𝐴𝐷𝑅 = ( 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ) × 100
38,942,899
○ 𝐴𝐷𝑅 = ( 69,329,900 ) × 100
○ 𝐴𝐷𝑅 = 56. 2%
● Interpretation: For every 100 economically-productive
persons, 56 persons are to be supported.
the population
● Reading the pyramid:
○ Malawak sa taas - high aging population or life
expectancy
○ Makipot namans baba - mababa ang fertility rate,
bumababa ang population community
○ Based sa picture,
■ Malawak sa baba then pa-narrow siya sa
taas
■ Therefore, it is high fertility rate, younger
population is higher and lower aging
population, translates to lower life
expectancy
■ Prediction: since there is high young
population, then workforce will increase
● Characteristics and composition of the population
● Explains and describes demographic trends of the
population in the past
● Provides inference about the lifespan and economical
status of a community or a country
● Factors
○ Fertility Rate, mortality, migration
POPULATION PYRAMID TYPES
EXPANSIVE/EXPANDING PYRAMID

● Broad Base, Pointed Star shape, Christmas-tree /

triangular shape
● High Fertility - mataas sa baba
● High Mortality - mababa sa taas
● Low Life Expectancy - wala masyado productive
population, common in developing countries
● High Population Growth Rate
● Common for developing countries
DOME-SHAPED PYRAMID

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COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

● Late-Expanding Stage POPULATION PYRAMID & CONCEPT OF DEMOGRAPHIC

● Early Stationary Phase TRANSITION
● Declining birth rate
STATIONARY PYRAMID

POPULATION PYRAMID CONSTRUCTION USING MS

EXCEL
1. Encode your Data. The ff. data are needed
● Age-Sex Distribution (Class Interval of 4)
● % Male = -(# of male in age group / total # of males) x
100
○ Set it to negative value by adding – sign on the
formula
● share of the population remains constant in different age
● % Female = (# of female in age group / total # of
groups
females) x 100
● Barrel-shaped
● There is not much changes in the younger population to
the productive age group, only decreases in the old age
because of mortality
● Low Fertility
● Low Mortality
● High life expectancy
● Slow population growth 2. Highlight the % Male and % Female Data set.
CONSTRICTIVE PYRAMID 3. Click on Insert on the Menu Tabs.
● Select Insert Column or Bar Graph.
● Choose Stack Bar on the 2D-Bar Graphs selection
pane.

● Elder and Shrinking Population

● Urn or bulb-shaped which can turn into an inverted
pyramid
● Low birth rate
IRREGULAR SHAPED PYRAMIDS

● The Baby Boom Pattern 4. Click on either the blue or red bar area and select Format
● Migration Data Series.
○ Winged, Diamond, Indented
● We can blame the sudden migration of individuals in and
out of the country mostly (immigrants)

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COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

5. Change the Gap Width to 0%

6. Click on the paint bucket icon (Fill & Line icon), select
Border, and change it to solid line, color black, width 1 pt. 8. Click on the x-axis area, right click and choose the format
7. Repeat for the other bar area, simply right click, format axis.
data series, change the border fill to solid line. 9. Select
● Bounds and make necessary adjustment of the scale
(12)
● Units and change major to 1.0.
● “Numbers” change category to custom, Type to 0;0,
and Format code to 0.0;[Black]0.0 and click Add.
10. Click on the x-axis area, right click and choose select
data.
11. Change the Series names.
● a. Series 1 %Male
● b. Series 2 %Female33

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COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

12. Click on the y-axis area, right click and choose format
axis.
13. Click Labels. Set the position to Low

14. Click on the y-axis area, right click and choose select
data.
15. Click Edit under the Horizontal (Category) Axis Labels.
Highlight the Age groups and Click Ok.
16. Change Chart title appropriately.
17. Adjust axis units if needed.

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COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

Prepared by: TORRE, Bill Ritchie C., MT2C PAGE 8

COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

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COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS FIRST SEMESTER
LABORATORY TRANSCRIPT SY. 2023 - 2024

WEEK 14:
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WEEK 15:
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