Lesson 1: Definition and historical background of communication

● Latin word communicare which means to share.

● Purposeful exchange of information between participants to share intended meaning
through language.
● At a basic level, communication is a connection between people and places.

1950 up to present:
- Mails - News papers - Video calls, messages, social medias
- Television - Radio

● Science teaches us that communication can occur between living things.

● It is still communication even if you didn’t get a response.
➔ Emotion
● The more the people there are, the more important it becomes to figure out a way to
understand one another.

Oral communication is the process of conveying news, exchanging ideas, or imparting

feelings.

Trivia: Reminder:
Written down in meaningful symbols such To achieve effective
as letters or characters, it can be easily communication, avoid lack of an
remembered and shared with others. excess in information. It should be
not quantity but quality.
Reminder:
Lesson 2: Process of Communication

Sender - person who is sending or sharing ideas to others

Encoding - done with common symbols like language, words, or gestures. (to type)
➔ Create, think, and speak.
Message - communication in static form
➔ Information, news, ideas etc.
Channel - agree on a medium for exchanging messages
➔ Placed beside message, may include speech, writing, modern technology
Receiver - person or group of people who receives the transmitted idea. They must absorb the
idea and react to it.
Decoding - the receiver must interpret the message and understand what the sender is trying
to say.
➔ To understand, to interpret
➔ “Receiver should find find meaning in the message”
Feedback - the sender is enabled to know if the receiver understood the message, they can
send back another message or reply.
Noise - can be an actual noise or visual, physical, emotional, and mental noise.
EXAMPLE:
(noise) (noise) (noise)
SENDER - ENCODING - MESSAGE - RECEIVER - DECODING - FEEDBACK/REPLY
CHANNEL

Lesson 3: Communication Models

Models of communication
Linear model - also called as transmission model
➔ Made by Shannon and Weaver
➔ One line only

➔ Challenges in linear model

Semantic: how precisely can the meaning be conveyed
Technical: how accurate
Effectiveness: to what extent can the meaning of message be

Interactive model - presents communication as a social interaction, two-way process.

Receiver don’t just listen but also participates by giving feedback.

Transactional Model - both sender and receiver in the communication process.

Communication is a continuous, creative, and dynamic process rather than a discrete
transmission of information.

Lesson 4: Elements of communication

Approach - involves timing, medium, and often strategies.

➔ Initiate when other person is ready to listen
Development - logical arrangement of ideas. Being able to support the ideas by providing
evidence on the subject.
Clarity - really important, a well developed idea is meaningful to another person if it is clear
to them.
➔ Avoid technical jargon.
➔ Find out if the message was understood by asking for feedback.
Style - how something is said rather than what is said.
➔ Register - consideration of style is the level of formality the message conveys
➢ Older, superior - polite language
Tone - emotional content a message may carry. More objective than the speaker’s part.
Speaker has to be sensitive to the audience.
Correctness - correct spelling, grammar, use of vocabulary, and idioms.
➔ When in doubt, use a Dictionary.

- Use of -ed and -d (exemptions to On - days of the week, on top of

irregular verbs) something
- Prepositional phrases (in, at, on, to) At - precise time
- Countable and uncountable nouns To - one place to another
- idioms In - weeks, months, seasons, years, inside

Verbal & Nonverbal cues

Verbal communication is the use of our voice.
➔ Luhmann said - the human reality of communication made necessary the invention of
language.
Nonverbal cues, not all communication has to be spoken. 55% is nonverbal, sending of visual
or kinesthetic cues.