DC/AC microgrids

Microredes DC/AC

DC/AC microgrids

DC/AC microgrids

Professor in Charge: Sónia Ferreira Pinto

Theory and Exercises: Sónia Ferreira Pinto

Office: Pav. Eletricidade, room 2.23, ext 1299

Phone: 21 8417299

email: soniafp@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

Lab classes: Pedro Costa

Office: Pav. Eletricidade, room 2.25

email: pedro.b.costa@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

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Office hours (aulas de dúvidas):

Sónia Ferreira Pinto:

3ª feira /Tuesdays 10h30m 12h30m

Zoom office hours (By appointment)

Pedro Costa:

To define on FENIX

Zoom

DC/AC microgrids

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Classes and Location

2h = 4h Theory + Exercise classes / Week
Tuesday 8h30m 10h30m (E1)

Friday 10h 12h (E1)

Tuesdays 14h 17h (SCDEEC)

Wednesdays 14h 17h (SCDEEC)

DC/AC microgrids

Laboratory classes

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Assessment
2 tests and 1 final exam
Each test weight is 50%, minimum grade in each test / exam = 8
Lab accounts for 30% of the final grade
Final score: includes a bonus up to one value, obtained in short quizzes
answered in all the theoretical classes

In all written examinations, students can only use theoretical notes

1st TEST : 12 Dec 2023, 8h30m

2nd TEST/ 1st EXAM: 17 Jan 2024, 10h30min

2nd EXAM: 30 Jan 2024, 15h30min

DC/AC microgrids

Objectives

Size and control power electronics converters for DC and AC

microgrids.

Design controllers for microgrids.

Size and design controllers for energy storage systems in

microgrids.

Design and control virtual inertia systems.

Assess power quality in microgrids.

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Program

DC/AC microgrids

Texts
Microgrid: Advanced Control Methods and Renewable Energy System Integration,
Magdi S. Mahmoud, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier , ISBN: 9780081017531, 2016

DC distribution systems and microgrids, Tomislav Draficevic, Pat Wheeler, Freede

Blaabjerg, IET, 2018
Electrónica Industrial: Semicondutores e conversores de potência, 2ªed. J.
Fernando Silva, Fundação Gulbenkian, 2013
Powerpoints from lecture classes (pdf Fenix)

Undeland, and W. Robbins. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications,

and Design. 3rd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley, 2002

1994, McGraw Hill

Press
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AC ?

War of Currents ?

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DC/AC microgrids

Microgrid

femtogrid

Macrogrid
attogrid
SUPERGRID
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Some definitions - evolution

Frits Ogg, Pico, Nano, Micro, Mini and Macrogrids and the role of windturbines in a grid, 6th World
Summit for Small Wind, 2015
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DC/AC microgrids

Some definitions

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DC/AC microgrids

Some definitions

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DC/AC microgrids

Some definitions

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DC/AC microgrids

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Frits Ogg, Pico, Nano, Micro, Mini and Macrogrids and the role of windturbines in a grid, 6th
World Summit for Small Wind, 2015 19

DC/AC microgrids

European Supergrid

Enabling the offshore Wind Supergrid

https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/enabling-the-offshore-wind-supergrid
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https://cpes.vt.edu/
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DC/AC microgrids

Nanogrid - Example

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Picogrid example

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DC/AC microgrids

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E. Unamuno, J. Barrera, Hybrid ac/dc microgrids Part I : Review and classification of topologies,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015

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DC/AC microgrids

E. Unamuno, J. Barrera, Hybrid ac/dc microgrids Part I : Review and classification of topologies,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015

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https://www.solarimpulse.com/adventure

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DC/AC microgrids

Solar Impulse II:

Capacity: 1 pilot
Wingspan: 72 m
Weight: 2.3 tons
Number of solar cells 17248
Nº of propellers and batteries 4
Total energy produced from Abu Dhabi to
Abu Dhabi 11655 kWh
Maximum flight time achieved 117 hours 52
minutes
Maximum altitude 28000 feet
Average airspeed 75 km/h
Max recorded ground speed 216 km/h
269.5 m2 PV solar cells:
135 microns thick (23% efficiency)
340 kWh/day
lithium polymer batteries 260 Wh / kg
https://www.solarimpulse.com/adventure
to save energy, the aircraft climbs to 8500
m during the day and descents to 1500m at
night.

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Electrically powered aircraft

- Li-Ion at 200Wh/kg will not suit

Use hydrogen fuel cells, proton-

exchange-membrane fuel cell 800
Wh/kg at 55% efficiency
range 800 nautical miles or 1,482 km
173 mph, or 278 km/h
New aerodynamics improved
propulsive efficiency (from 85% to
92%)
reduction of noise level from 92 dB to
76 dB

Compare to US $500,000 four-seat

Cirrus SR22 231 kW:
800 nautical miles (921 statute miles,
or 1,482 km)
cruising speed of 175 knots (equal to
201 mph, or 323 km/h) http://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/aviation/how-i-designed-a-practical-electric-
plane-for-nasa 31