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PRESENT

WORD FROM
CHAPTER ONE
โรงเรียนภาษาอังกฤษ อ.กมล ชลบุรี 038 - อ.กมล
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ประเภทของ ... คำทางไวยากรณ์ (Parts of Speech)
Adjective 1. Nouns
2. Pronouns
3. Verbs
4. Adjectives
Adverb 5. Adverbs
6. Prepositions
7. Conjunctions
8. Interjections

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Adjectives
suffix: -al, -ous, - able, -ish, -ant*,

-y, -ory, -less ไม่มี, -ful มี, -ly, etc.

Note. noun+ly = adjective

friendly, girlly, scholarly
kingly, etc.
Adverbs
suffix: -ly, cally, -wise
Note. adjective+ly = adverb
perfectly, dangerously,
normally, definitely, etc.
basically, likewise, etc.
การจำแนก adjective / adverb
Adjective Adverb
ใช้ร่วมกับคำนามเสมอ D. + ห้ามนำหน้าคำนาม แต่ ขยาย
adv. + adj. + n. D. + verb / adjective / adverb/
adj. + n.
preposition / conjunction
D. + n.
Adj. + n.พหูพจน์ หรือ นามนับไม่ได้
Ex. Ex.
No perfectly built man He sings beautifully.
The first boy We seem sadly sorry.
Some people He runs fast surely.
Calm people
Determiners
1. Articles (a, an, the)
2. this, that, these, those, such (a/an)
a boy -> the boy -> this boy -> such a boy
boys -> the boys -> these boys -> such boys

3. my car, his cat, its bone, etc.

4. Mary’s house, John’s car, etc.
5. Quantifiers
ห้ามใช้ determiners
พร้อมกัน เลือกเพียง 1ใน 5
Determiners / Quantifiers
- all
- each / every + n.เอกพจน์
- most
- more
- many/ much (enough / plenty of / a lot of / lot of)
- any
- some
- the
- a / an / the + n. เอกพจน์
- no + n. เอกพจน์ หรือ n. ทุกประเภท
 การจำแนก Adjective / Adverb
Adjective Adverb
ใช้ร่วมกับกริยา Linking Verbs ใช้ร่วมกับกริยาช่องที่ 1 หรือ 2
Ex. be, become, come Present/ Past verb
get, grow, stay, turn
remain, appear, prove Ex. They sing hormonally.
feel, seem, sound Floods cause damage annually.
smell, taste, etc.

Ex. Dream comes true.

He comes home.
Natha is good.
Natha is a girl.
 Parts of Speech

Adjective & Adverb

Noun
Verb
Conjunction
Phrase
คำนาม Nouns
1. Person Noun คำนามที่เป็นคน / วัตถุ
- ist: biologist, guitarist, scientist
- er: writer, computer
- or: moviegoer, settler
- ant, - ent: participant, student
immigrant,etc.
คำนาม Nouns
2. Suffix Nouns นำ verb, adjective, etc.
มาแปลงเป็น nouns ด้วยการเติม
- ment, -tion, -ness, -ty, -ance*, -ence*
- ship, -hood, -th, -ing(ไม่ใช่ gerund) etc.
Ex. entertainment, activity, entrance, importance
(important), etc.
โดยมากคำนาม suffix จะเป็นนามนับได้ เช่น regulations,
instruments, activities, depths, weights, etc.
คำนาม Nouns
2. (ต่อ) คำนาม suffix บางคำที่เป็นคำนามนับไม่ได้ เช่น
information, equipment, education, etc.
โดยส่วนใหญ่จะเป็นพวกนามธรรม abstract

3. คำนามเอกพจน์* จะต้องมี Determiners

a cat / this car, etc. ห้ามใช้คำนามเอกพจน์
ตามลำพัง เช่น banana ผิด -> a banana
แต่ คำนามพหูพจน์ หรือ นามนับไม่ได้ จะมี Determiners หรือ
ไม่ก็ได้ เช่น People, Water, etc.
คำนาม Nouns
4. Possessive + Noun ความเป็นเจ้าของ
Ex. My house – Possessive Adjective
A leg of a table – N. of N.
John’s intention – N’s N
Alex’ intention, Monkeys’ help – Ns’N
A friend of mine - Double Possessive

5. Subjects / Objects /
Objects of Preposition. กรรมของวลี
( Nouns + Verb + Nouns)
Verbs
1. Suffix: -ate, -en, -ize, etc.
Ex. enlarge, ensure, beautify, symbolize etc.

2. Main Verbs (present verb / past verb)

3. Linking Verbs (be, become, come,…)
4. Causative Verbs (สั่ง ว่าจ้าง ขอร้อง อนุญาต ทำให้ บังคับต้องการ
ชอบมากกว่า)
5. Helping Verbs (Auxiliary Verbs)
Conjunctions
1. Coordinate Conjunction
For And Nor But Or Yet So
( S.+ V., and S. + V.)

Ex. Linda speaks and laughs. (Compound

Verb)
Tony goes shopping, or he does chores.
(Compound Sentences)
Conjunctions
2. Subordinate Conjunction
2.1 Noun Clause
That + S. + v.
How +S. + v.
Wh.- ทุกตัว + S. + v.

2.2 Relative Clause

who, whom, whose, that, which,
where
Conjunctions
2. Subordinate Conjunction
2.3 Adverb Clause (Dependent Clause)
DC. , IC.
IC. DC.
DC. เป็นคำเชื่อมในความหมาย
1. เหตุผล Because, Since
2. ขัดแย้ง Although, Though, Even though
3. เงื่อนไข If, Unless
4. เวลา When, While, As, Since, Until,
Once, Before, After
Short Briefs.
Subject + Verb. + (Object /Adverb. / Phrase.)

Subject + Linking Verb. + Adjective + To infinitive.

Phrase = Preposition + Noun

Subject + verb + Conjunction + Subject + verb.

Conjunction 1 จุด มีกริยา 2 จุด
(+1)
Exercise 1.1 เลือก adjective และ adverb

1. In any animal community, herbivores

(great/greatly) outnumber carnivores.

2. Floods cause billions of dollars worth of

property damage (annual/annually).

3. (Regular/Regularly) airmail service in the

United States began in 1918.
4. Writer Ernest Hemingway was known for his
(simple/simply) language and his lively dialog.

5. The tiny coral snake is (beautiful/beautifully) but

deadly.

6. Skyscrapers developed (simultaneous/simultaneou

sly) in Chicago and New York City.

7. (General/Generally), bauxite is found near the

surface, so it is relatively (simple/simply) to mine.
8. A good proofreader (painstaking/painstakingly)
examines a manuscript for errors in spelling and
grammar as well as for factual mistakes.

9. The colony of New Hampshire was (permanent

/permanently) separated from the Massachusetts B
ay Colony in 1692.

10. Mushrooms are found in an (incredible/incredi

bly) range of sizes, colors, and shapes.
Exercise 1.2 ทบทวนประเภทของกลุ่มคำดังต่อไปนี้
N = noun G = gerund (-ing) noun
V = verb ADJ = adjective
PN = “person” noun ADV = adverb

1. Sinclair Lewis’ novel Babbitt is set in the

(fiction/fictional) town of Zenith. ( N / ADJ )

2. By-products from chicken eggs are used by

(industry/industrial) in manufacturing
such (produces/products) as soap and paint.
(________/________)(________/________)

3. The daylily is an attractive, (fragrance/fragrant)

flower. (________/________)
4. An equation is a (mathematics/mathematical)
statement that says that two expressions are (equ
al/equality). (________/________)(________/___
_____)

5. The supreme Court has ruled that (evidence/evide

nt) obtained from (illegal/illegally)
searches cannot be used in court. (________/______
__)(________/________)

6. The Richter scale measures the (severely/

severity) of earthquakes. (________/________)
 PRACTICE TEST
_B_ 1. Liberal arts colleges cultivate general
A
intellectually abilities rather than
B C
technical or professional skills. --- intellectual ---

D
___ 2. Goats are extremely destruction to natural
A
B
vegetation and are often responsible
C
D
___ 3. Wild plants were of considerable important to
A B C
early settlers, and many are still used medicinally

D
and as foods.
___ 4. One important branch of linguistics is
semantics,
A B
which analysis the meaning of words.
C D
___ 5. Unlike folk dancers, which are the product of a
A B
single culture, ballet is an international art form.
C D
___ 6. The strong of a rope is directly proportional to
its A B C
cross-sectional area.
D
___ 7. Black bears can move rapidly when necessary
and
A
B
are skillful tree- climbers for their size and weigh.
C D

___ 8. In an arboretum, trees are cultivated for

scientific
A
B
and educational purpose.
C D