SENSORS & SIGNAL CONDITIONING

PhD. HOANG SY TUAN

Department of Mechatronics – School of Mechanical Engineering

HANOI, 2023
Chapter 2 – Signal conditioning for sensors

2.1. Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) & application of signal conditioning

2.2. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
2.3. Digital sensors & signal transmission protocol
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Amplification is the process of converting an electrical quantity (current or

voltage) from a small amplitude to a high amplitude without changing its form.
 Op-Amps are DC amplifiers with very high gain, often built in integrated form.
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Characteristics and parameters

- Open-loop Op-Amp:
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Characteristics and parameters

- Closed-loop Op-Amp: Increasing the bandwidth of an amplifier
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Ideal Op-Amp
- Open-loop gain: Avo  

- Total input resistance: Rin  

- Total input resistance: Rout  0

 Be simplifier for estimating in a design

 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Inverting Amplifier
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Non-Inverting Amplifier
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Buffer Amplifier
As one special case of non-Inverting Amplifier:
Rf = 0; R1 = 

Aims: Preventing the signal source from being

affected by whatever currents (or voltages, for
a current buffer) that the load may impose.
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Inverting Summing Amplifier

 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Non-Inverting Summing Amplifier

When R1 = R2 = R then:

When R1 = R2 = Rg = R then:
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Differential Amplifier

When R1 = R2 = Rf = Rg = R then:
 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Inverting Integrating Amplifier

 2.1. Op-Amp & application of signal conditioning

 Inverting Differentiating Amplifier