NFC - Institute of Engineering & Fertilizer

Research, Faisalabad.
Department of Civil Engineering

SUBMITTED TO

Engr. Sohail Afzal Gill

SUBMITTED BY

Muhammad Saqib Shahid

Registration No:

2019-UET-NFC-FD-CIVIL-22
Title Of Project:
Design of a Turbine according to the site conditions and power
requirements.
 1- Problem Statement

At a given site the average available head for a turbine and the Average monthly
discharge is given in the table below.

Section A B

N R/10 R/20

M R/25 R/40

Month Inflows Avg Net Head

(m3/sec) evaporation Available
losses (m /sec)
3
(m)

Jan 65 1.15+M 75+N

Feb 90 2.25+M 81+N

Mar 130 2.75+M 89+N

Apr 176 2.95+M 95+N

May 255 3.70+M 106+N

Jun 385 5.50+M 115+N

Jul 462 6.95+M 130+N

 Aug 575 7.55+M 150+N

Sep 405 7.95+M 124+N

Oct 230 4.65+M 112+N

Nov 110 1.85+M 90+N

Dec 76 1.25+M 82+N

2- Objectives

Following outcomes are expected from your assigned task:

A. Select which type of turbine is to be installed, give the reasons for this.
B. Design all the components of turbine
1. Runner diameter
2. Diameter of Jet
3. Number of buckets
4. Width of bucket
5. Depth of bucket
6. Specific speed of turbine
C. Find the monthly and total power generated in the year
D. Identify the problems in power generation in Pakistan
 Solutions:

My Roll no. is 22

Section A B

N 22/10 =2.2 22/20=1.1

M 22/25=0.88 22/40 =0.55

Average of N Section= 2.2+1.1 = 1.65

2

Average of M section =0.88+0.55 = 0.715

2

Month Inflows Avg Net Head

(m3/sec) evaporation Available
losses (m3/sec) (m)

Jan 65 1.15+0.715=1.865 75+1.65=76.65

Feb 90 2.25+0.715=2.965 81+1.65=82.65

Mar 130 2.75+0.715=3.465 89+1.65=90.65

Apr 176 2.95+0.715 =3.665 95+1.65 =96.65

May 255 3.70+0.715=4.415 106+1.65=107.65

Jun 385 5.50+0.715 =6.215 115+1.65=116.65

 Jul 462 6.95+0.715=7.665 130+1.65=131.65

Aug 575 7.55+0.715=8.265 150+1.65 =151.65

Sep 405 7.95+0.715=8.665 124+1.65=125.65

Oct 230 4.65+0.715=5.365 112+1.65=113.65

Nov 110 1.85+0.715 =2.565 90+1.65 =91.65

Dec 76 1.25+0.715=1.965 82+1.65=83.65

Monthly Average inflows=1479.5 m3/sec

Monthly Average Head Loses= 28.54 m3/sec

Monthly net head Available = 643.4 m

Formula of Total discharge:

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

= 1479.5 – 28.54

Qtotal =1450.96 m3/sec

Input Data:

Qtotal = 1450.96 m3/sec

Head Available = 643.4 m

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻= 9.81*1450.96*643.4= 9158Kw

According to head we take no. of revolutions =N= 200 rpm

Assumptions for design:
Cv= Coefficient of velocity for nozzle= 0.97 to 0.99

U= velocity periphery= 0.46V

Efficiency= 80 to 87 %

A. Select which type of turbine is to be installed, give the reasons for this.
Turbines are selected on base of:

 Head
 Specific speed
I selected the impulse turbine.
Reason
According to my roll no. I got the available head is 643.4m and specific speed 5.88.
So these conditions lying in Impulse Turbine.

B. Design all the components of turbine

1-Runner diameter:

60𝑈
D= 𝜋𝑁

U=0.46v, v=√2𝑔𝐻 v=√2 × 9.81 × 643.42 = 112.34 m/s

U= 0.46*112.34= 51.67 m/s

Put values into given equation

D= 60×51.67 = 5.03mm
𝜋×200

2- Diameter of Jet:

O
d =√𝜋
⁄4×𝑉

Put values in given Equations:

1450.96
d =√𝜋⁄
4×112.34

d =4.05mm
 Also Lying Between In D/15 to D/6.

3- Number of buckets:
𝐷
Nb =15 +
2𝑑

Put values in given equations:

5.03
Nb = 15 +
2*4.05

Nb = 15

4- Width of buckets:

Wb = 5d =5 × 4.05=20.05

Wb =20.05mm

5- Depth of buckets:

Db = 1.2d = 1.2 * 4.05=4.86mm

Db= 4.86mm

6- Specific speed of turbine:

𝑁√𝑃
Ns = 5⁄
𝐻
4
200√9158
Ns = = 5.88
643.45⁄4

Ns=5.98
 C-Find the monthly and total power generated in the year
Firstly we determine the power of every month.

January.
Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=65-1.865

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 63.135 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*63.135*76.65

Po =47.4 kw

Feb.

January.
Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=90 -2.965

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 87.035 m3/sec

P= 9.81*87.035*82.65

Po=70.5kw
Mar.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=130 -3.465

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =126.535 m3/sec

P= 9.81*126.535*90.65

Po =112.5 kw
 Apr.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=176-3.665

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 172.33 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*172.335*96.65

Po=163.3kw

May.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=225-4.415

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =220.535 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*220.535*107.65

Po =232kw
Jun.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=385-6.215

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =378.785 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*378.785*116.65

Po=443.4 kw
 Jul.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=462-7.665

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =454.33 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*454.33*131.65

Po = 586.7 kw

Aug.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=575-8.265

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =566.735 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*566.735*151.65

Po = 843.12kw
Sep.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=405-8.665

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =396.33 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*396.33*125.65

Po=488.5kw
 Oct.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=230-5.365

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =224.635 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*224.635*113.65

Po =250.4 kw
Nov.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=110-2.565

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =107.43 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*107.43*91.65

Po=96.5kw

Dec.

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

=76-1.965

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =74.03 m3/sec

Po= 9.81*74.03*83.65

Po= 60.7kw
 Total power of year

Monthly Average inflows=1479.5 m3/sec

Monthly Average Head Loses= 28.54 m3/sec

Monthly net head Available = 643.4 m

Formula of Total discharge:

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝐴𝑣g- net head losses

= 1479.5 – 28.54

Qtotal =1450.96 m3/sec

Input Data:

Qtotal = 1450.96 m3/sec

Head Available = 643.4 m

Po =𝛾𝑄𝐻= 9.81*1450.96*643.4= 9158Kw

Po= 9158Kw

Identify the problems in power generation in Pakistan

These problems were found to span the various stages of power generation in Pakistan and
they also included generation capacity

 Insufficient and old equipment

 Unsuitable transmission structure,
 fragile network with lack of loops
 As well as high transmission and distribution losses.
 Privatization/efficiency
 Demand for energy
 Energy and economic growth
 Rural electrification/ independent power producers
 Need for an energy policy
 Alternative and renewable energy.