‫ﻳﻚ دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬

‫آن در ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﮕﻮ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺋﺰه ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﻋﺎرﻓﻲ و ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ اﻛﺒﺮي‬

‫ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ و در زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ )ﻣـﺜﻼً ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﮕـﻮ( ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ‪ -‬اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻳﻚ اﺑﺰار ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﻳﻦ دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ]‪،10 ،9 ،5‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬اﺑﺘﺪا دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻟﻲ و ﭼﻨﮓ و دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ و ﺷﻲ از‬
‫اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻧﻘﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 14 ،13 ،12‬و ‪ [17‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در اداﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‪ .‬اﻧﺪازه‬
‫در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار‬
‫ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻟﻲ و ﭼﻨﮓ ]‪ [12‬و ﻟﻴﺎﻧـﮓ و ﺷـﻲ ]‪[13‬‬ ‫داد‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻳـﻚ اﻧـﺪازه ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ LR‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ واژه‪ -‬اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي‪ ،‬اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪،LR‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﮕﻮ‬

‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪-2‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﺗﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮف ]‪ [2‬و ﮔﻮﻫﺎ‬
‫و ﭼﺎﻛﺮاﺑﻮرﺗﻲ ]‪ [8‬ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ زاده ]‪ [16‬در ﺳﺎل ‪1965‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳــﻪ در زﻣﻴﻨــﻪﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺑﺴــﻂ و ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ داده ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜــﻲ از‬
‫ﻓﺮض ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪ X‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓـﺎزي ‪ A%‬ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي اوﻟـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎر ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ آﺗﺎﻧﺎﺳـﻮف ]‪[1‬‬
‫} ‪ {( x , μ % ( x )) : x ∈ X‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ]‪ μ % : X → [0,1‬ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷـﻬﻮدي )‪(Intuitionistic fuzzy set‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ‪ x‬در ‪ A%‬اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﺴﻴﺎري ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ از دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﻫـﺎي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ از ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢﻫـﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺎﻳﻮ و ﺑﻮﻫﺮر ]‪ [6‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻓﺎزي‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي را درﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت زﻳـﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎزي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪاي ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻤـﻲ دﻳﮕـﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪﻫـﺎي‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎزي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آﺗﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮف و ﮔﺎرﮔﻮف ]‪ [3‬و ﮔﻮرزاﻟﺴﺰﻧﻲ ]‪ [7‬ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ .1‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ A%‬از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ X‬ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻪﺗﺎﻳﻲ } ‪ A% = {( x , μ % ( x ),ν % ( x )) : x ∈ X‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮد ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﻳﺰي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮي و ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﮕﻮ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫]‪ μ % : X → [0,1‬ﺗـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻀـــﻮﻳﺖ و ]‪ ν % : X → [0,1‬ﺗـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻋـــﺪم‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻋﻀـﻮﻳﺖ ‪ x‬در ‪ A%‬ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ و در ﺷـﺮط ‪ 0 ≤ μ % ( x ) + ν % ( x ) ≤ 1‬ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورد درﺟﻪ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷـﻮد‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫و در زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﮕﻮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴـﺮي و ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻫـــــﺮ ‪ x ∈ X‬ﺻـــــﺪق ﻣـــــﻲﻛﻨﻨـــــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـــــﻴﻦ ﺑـــــﻪ ﺗـــــﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺮوش ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲرود‪ .‬از زﻣﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪﻫـﺎي ﻓـﺎزي‪ ،‬اﻧـﺪازه‬
‫) ‪ π % ( x ) = 1 − μ % ( x ) − ν % ( x‬درﺟــﻪ ﻋــﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﻴــﺖ ‪ x‬در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎري ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓـﺎزي‬
‫‪%‬‬
‫ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ A‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ]‪ 15 ،11 ،4‬و ‪ [18‬اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ [8] .2‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ A%‬را ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪LR‬‬ ‫در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺰ اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوﺗﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪﻫـﺎي‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ ،‬اﮔﺮ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ و ﻋﺪم ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ آن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﮔﺮدد‪:‬‬
‫‪⎧ a−x‬‬
‫‪⎪L ( s ),‬‬ ‫‪a − s1 ≤ x ≤ a‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫⎨ = ) ‪μ % (x‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪⎪R ( a ),‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪a < x ≤ a + s2‬‬
‫⎩⎪‬ ‫‪s2‬‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﻴﺮﺟﻨﺪ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم‪ ،‬ﮔﺮوه آﻣﺎر‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺰه ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎن )‪(Email: Fa_torkian@yahoo.com‬‬
‫ﺣﺎل اﮔﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ داراي وزﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ) ‪ w (x‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫⎧‬ ‫‪a−x‬‬
‫‪⎪1 − L ( s ), a − s 3 ≤ x ≤ a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ‪ 0 ≤ w (x ) ≤ 1‬و ‪ ، ∫ w (x )dx = 1‬آنﮔﺎه اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ‬ ‫⎪‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫⎨ = ) ‪ν % (x‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪⎪1 − R ( a ), a < x ≤ a + s‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫وزﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ A%‬و ‪ B%‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪:‬‬ ‫⎩⎪‬ ‫‪s4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ )‪ L(.‬و )‪ R(.‬ﺗﻮاﺑﻌﻲ اﻛﻴﺪا ﻧﺰوﻟﻲ از )∞ ‪ [0,‬ﺑﻪ ]‪ [0,1‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و‬

‫‪b‬‬
‫‪S cwp (A% , B% ) = 1 − p‬‬ ‫‪∫ w (x )(ϕ‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪A%‬‬
‫)‪(x ) − ϕB% (x )) p dx , (5‬‬
‫‪ .R(0)=L(0)=1‬ﻣﻘﺪار ‪ a‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪ s1 , s 2 ≥ 0 ،‬ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻫﺎي ﭼﭗ و راﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫واﺿﺢ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﮔﺮ ) ‪ w (x ) = 1 (b − a‬اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ وزﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در )‪ (4‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ و ‪ s 3 , s 4 ≥ 0‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻫﺎي ﭼﭗ و راﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺪم ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻟﻲ و ﭼﻨﮓ ]‪ ،[12‬اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎزهﻫـﺎي ]) ‪[ μ A% (x ),1 −ν A% (x‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ .3‬ﻋﺪد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ A%‬را ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﻣﺜﻠﺜـﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫و ]) ‪ [ μ B% (x ),1 −ν B% (x‬از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷـﻬﻮدي ‪ A%‬و ‪ B%‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫اﮔـــــــﺮ }| ‪ ، R (x ) = L (x ) = max{0,1− | x‬و ﺑـــــــﻪ ﺻـــــــﻮرت‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ) ‪ ϕA% (x‬و ) ‪ ϕB% (x‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‪ ،‬و آﻧﮕﺎه اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫‪ A% = (a , s1 , s 2 , s 3 , s 4 )T‬ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻴـﺐ اﻳـﻦ روش در اﻳـﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ در دو‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‪ ،‬داراي اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ .4‬اﮔﺮ ‪ A%‬و ‪ B%‬دو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬آنﮔﺎه ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻧـﺪازه ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس اﻳـﻦ دﻳـﺪﮔﺎه ﺑـﺮاي دو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ‪ x ∈ X‬دارﻳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪i ) A% ⊂ B% ⇔ μA% (x ) ≤ μB% ( x ),‬‬ ‫‪ν A% (x ) ≥ ν B% (x ),‬‬
‫‪ ، A% ≠ B%‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪ S p (A% , B% ) = 1‬ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﻳﻦ دﻳـﺪﮔﺎه‪ ،‬ﺷـﺮط‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫دوم از ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ‪ 1‬را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ دارا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ii ) A% = B% ⇔ μ % (x ) = μ % (x ),‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪ν A% (x ) = ν B% (x ).‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ .1‬ﻓﺮض ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ اﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ A%‬ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊﻫﺎي ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ و ﻋﺪم ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ زﻳﺮ ﺻﻮرتﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪:(1‬‬
‫در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،‬اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي‬
‫‪⎧x −8, 8≤ x ≤10‬‬ ‫‪⎧10−x , 7 ≤ x ≤ 10‬‬
‫⎪‬ ‫⎪‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮدي‪ ،‬در ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻟﻲ‬
‫‪μA% (x ) = ⎨ 2‬‬ ‫‪ν A% (x ) = ⎨ 3‬‬
‫‪12−x‬‬ ‫‪x −10‬‬ ‫و ﭼﻨﮓ ]‪ [12‬و ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ و ﺷﻲ ]‪ [13‬ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩ 2 , 10 ≤ x ≤12‬‬ ‫‪⎪⎩ 3 . 10 ≤ x ≤ 13‬‬
‫ﻓﺮض ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ‪ B%‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪:(1‬‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﻪ‪ .1‬ﻓﺮض ﻛﻨﻴـﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ )‪ IFS(x‬ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤـﺎم ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪﻫـﺎي ﻓـﺎزي‬
‫‪⎧x −5, 5≤ x ≤ 7‬‬ ‫ﺷـــــﻬﻮدي از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـــــﻪ ﻣﺮﺟـــــﻊ ‪ X‬ﺑﺎﺷـــــﺪ‪ ،‬آنﮔـــــﺎه ﻧﮕﺎﺷـــــﺖ‬
‫‪⎧7−x , 4 ≤ x ≤ 7‬‬
‫⎪‬ ‫⎪‬ ‫]‪ S : IFS (X ) × IFS (X ) → [0,1‬را ﻳﻚ اﻧـﺪازه ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪μ % (x ) = ⎨ 2‬‬ ‫‪ν B% (x ) = ⎨ 3‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪9−x‬‬ ‫‪x −7‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩ 2 , 7 ≤ x ≤9‬‬ ‫‪⎪⎩ 3 . 7 ≤ x ≤ 10‬‬ ‫اﮔﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ را دارا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪i ) S ( A% , B% ) ∈ [0,1],‬‬
‫درﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ دو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓـﺎزي ﺷـﻬﻮدي ‪ A%‬و ‪ B%‬ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬اﻧـﺪازه‬
‫‪ii ) S ( A% , B% ) = 1 ⇔ A% = B% ,‬‬
‫ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑــﻴﻦ آﻧﻬــﺎ ﺑــﺮ اﺳــﺎس راﺑﻄــﻪ )‪ (4‬ﺑــﺎ اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ‪ ،p=1‬ﺑﺮاﺑــﺮ‬
‫‪iii ) S ( A% , B% ) = S ( B% , A% ),‬‬
‫‪ S 1 (A% , B% ) = 1‬اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻳـﻦ دو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﻛـﺎﻣﻼً ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪iv ) A% ⊂ B% ⊂ C% ⇒ S ( A% , C% ) ≤ min{S ( B% , A% ), S ( B% , C% )}.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨـــﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ در ﻣﻌﻴـــﺎر ﻣﻌﺮﻓـــﻲ ﺷـــﺪه ﺗﻮﺳـــﻂ ﻟـــﻲ و ﭼﻨـــﮓ ]‪ ،[12‬اﮔـــﺮ‬
‫‪ S p (A% , B% ) = 1‬ﻟﺰوﻣﻲ ﻧﺪارد ﻛﻪ ‪. A% = B%‬‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪ 1-3‬اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻟﻲ و ﭼﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻟﻲ و ﭼﻨﮓ ]‪ [12‬اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷـﻬﻮدي ‪ A%‬و ‪B%‬‬
‫‪ 2-3‬اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ و ﺷﻲ‬
‫را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ]‪ X=[a,b‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻳﻚ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﻮدي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ و ﺷﻲ ]‪ [13‬ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪S cp (A% , B% ) = 1 −‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪b −a‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫∫‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫)‪(ϕ A% (x ) − ϕ B% (x )) p dx , (4‬‬
‫اﺑﺘــﺪا ﺑــﺮاي ﺑــﺎزه ]) ‪ [ μA% (x i ),1 −ν A% (x i‬ﻣﻘــﺪار ﻣﻴﺎﻧــﻪ را ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮرت‬ ‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
‫‪ m A% (x ) = ( μA% (x ) + 1 −ν A% (x )) 2‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﻣــﻲﻛﻨﻨــﺪ‪ .‬در اﻳــﻦ‬ ‫‪ϕA% (x ) = ( μA% (x ) + 1 −ν A% (x )) 2,‬‬
‫ﺻــﻮرت ﺑــﺎزه اوﻟﻴــﻪ ﺑــﻪ دو زﻳــﺮ ﺑــﺎزه ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮرت ]) ‪[ μ A% (x ), m A% (x‬‬ ‫‪ϕB% (x ) = ( μB% (x ) + 1 −ν B% (x )) 2.‬‬
 ‫اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫و ]) ‪ [m A% (x ),1 −ν A% (x‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از دو زﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزه ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬در اﻳـﻦ‬ ‫‪m A% 1 (x ) = ( μA% (x ) + m A% (x )) 2,‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻋـﺪاد ﻓـﺎزي ﺷـﻬﻮدي در ﺣـﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫‪m A% 2 (x ) = (m A% (x ) + 1 −ν A% (x )) 2.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ B%‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫) ‪ A% = (a , a , a , a , a‬و‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4 LR‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ .5‬اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪LR‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس رواﺑﻂ ﻓﻮق‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ A%‬و ‪B%‬‬
‫‪ B% = (b , b1 , b 2 , b3 , b 4 ) LR‬را درﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ آنﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪:‬‬ ‫‪ϕS 1 (x ) = | m A% 1 (x ) − m B% 1 (x ) | 2 ,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ϕs 2 (x ) = | m A% 2 ( x ) − m B% 2 (x ) | 2 .‬‬
‫= ) ‪S ( A% , B%‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬
‫) ‪1 + d (A% , B%‬‬ ‫اﻛﻨﻮن‪ ،‬اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ و ﺷﻲ ]‪ [13‬ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪:‬‬
‫| ) ‪d (A% , B% ) =| a − b | + | (a − λ a ) − (b − λ b‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫∑( ∫‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪S Lp (A% , B% ) = 1 −‬‬ ‫)‪ωk ϕk (x )) p dx , (6‬‬
‫‪1 1‬‬ ‫‪1 1‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫| ) ‪+ | (a + λ2a2 ) − (b + λ2b 2‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬

‫‪b −a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪k =1‬‬

‫| ) ‪+ | (a − λ1a3 ) − (b − λ1b3‬‬ ‫∑‬ ‫ﻛﻪ در آن ‪ωk = 1 ، 0 ≤ ωk ≤ 1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫و‬ ‫‪k =1‬‬
‫‪+ | (a + λ2a4 ) − (b + λ2b 4 ) |,‬‬ ‫‪ϕ1 ( x ) = ϕs 1 ( x ) + ϕs 2 ( x ),‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬ ‫‪ϕ 2 (x ) =| ϕ A% ( x ) − ϕ B% ( x ) |,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪λ1 = ∫ L (α )d α‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪ϕ3 ( x ) = max(l A% ( x ), l B% ( x )) − min(l A% ( x ), l B% ( x )),‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪λ2 = ∫ R −1 (α )d α‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪l A% ( x ) = (1 −ν A% ( x ) − μA% ( x )) 2,‬‬
‫در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ‪ d(.,.) ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪l B% ( x ) = (1 −ν B% ( x ) − μB% ( x )) 2.‬‬
‫اﺛﺒﺎت‪:‬‬
‫در اﻧـــﺪازه ﻣﺸـــﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳـــﻒ ﺷـــﺪه ﺗﻮﺳـــﻂ ﻟﻴﺎﻧـــﮓ و ﺷـــﻲ ]‪، [13‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫< ‪i ) 0 ≤ d (A% , B% ) < ∞ ⇒ 0‬‬ ‫‪≤ 1,‬‬ ‫‪ S p (A% , B% ) = 1‬اﮔﺮ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﮔﺮ ‪. A% = B%‬‬
‫) ‪1 + d (A% , B%‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫‪ii ) S (A% , B% ) = 1 ⇔ 1 + d (A% , B% ) = 1‬‬

‫‪⇔ d (A% , B% ) = 0 ⇔ A% = B% ,‬‬

‫‪iii ) d (A% , B% ) = d (B% , A% ) ⇒ S (A% , B% ) = S (B% , A% ),‬‬
‫‪iv ) A% ⊂ B% ⊂ C% ⇒ a = b = c , a ≤ b ≤ c i = 1,..., 4‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي ‪j = 1,3‬‬

‫⇒ ‪a − λ1a j ≥ b − λ1b j‬‬
‫‪| (a − λ1a j ) − (c − λ1c j ) | ≥ | (b − λ1b j ) − (c − λ1c j ) |,‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ‪ j = 2, 4‬دارﻳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪a + λ2a j ≤ b + λ2b j‬‬
‫) ‪⇒ (a + λ2a j ) − (c + λ2c j ) ≤ (b + λ2b j ) − (c + λ2c j‬‬
‫| ) ‪⇒| (a + λ2a j ) − (c + λ2c j ) | ≥ | (b + λ2b j ) − (c + λ2c j‬‬
‫در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ و ﻋﺪم ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي در‬
‫‪d (A% ,C% ) > d (B% ,C% ) ⇒ S (A% ,C% ) < S (B% ,C% ),‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪.1‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ) ‪ . S (A% ,C% ) < S (B% , A%‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﺛﺒﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪λ1 = λ2 = ∫ L−1 (α )d α = ∫ (1 −α )d α = .‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ .6‬اﺻﻞ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ i = 1,.., n ، A%i‬را در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪:‬‬
‫‪1 5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬
‫ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ B%‬ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ‪ A%‬ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي دارد اﮔـﺮ و‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫=| ‪d ( A%1 , B% ) = 3+ | − | + | 2 − 6 | + | 0 − 2 | + | − 7‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﮔﺮ‬
‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪S (B% , A%k ) = max S (B% , A%i ).‬‬
‫| ‪d ( A% 2 , B% ) = 6+‬‬ ‫| ‪−9| +‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪|+|2−‬‬ ‫‪| + | 7 − 11 |= 27,‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ .2‬اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ A%1‬و ‪ A%2‬را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ و ﻋﺪم‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ زﻳﺮ درﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪:(2‬‬
‫‪S (A%1 , B% ) = 0.07, S (A%2 , B% ) = 0.04.‬‬
‫‪⎧1 − x‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه و ﻃﺒﻖ اﺻﻞ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ )ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ (6‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ‪ B%‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪⎧x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1‬‬ ‫⎪⎪‬ ‫‪, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫‪μA% (x ) = ⎨3− x‬‬ ‫‪ν A% (x ) = ⎨ 2‬‬
‫اﻟﮕﻮي ‪ A%‬ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از دﻳﺪﮔﺎه‬
‫‪⎪⎩ 2 , 1 ≤ x ≤ 3‬‬ ‫‪⎪x −1 , 1 ≤ x ≤ 4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ و ﺷﻲ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪⎪⎩ 3‬‬

‫‪⎧10 − x‬‬
‫‪⎧⎪x−8, 8≤x ≤10‬‬ ‫⎪⎪‬ ‫‪, 7 ≤ x ≤ 10‬‬
‫‪μA% (x) =⎨ 2‬‬ ‫‪ν A% (x ) = ⎨ 3‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩11−x, 10≤x ≤11‬‬ ‫‪⎪x −10 . 10 ≤ x ≤ 12‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪⎪⎩ 2‬‬
‫ﻓﺮض ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ‪ B%‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪:(2‬‬
‫‪⎧x −1, 1≤ x ≤ 4‬‬ ‫‪⎧10 − x‬‬
‫⎪‬ ‫⎪⎪‬ ‫‪, 7 ≤ x ≤ 10‬‬
‫‪μB% (x) = ⎨ 3‬‬ ‫‪ν % (x ) = ⎨ 3‬‬
‫‪9−x‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩ 5 , 4≤ x ≤9‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪⎪ x − 10 , 10 ≤ x ≤ 12‬‬
‫‪⎪⎩ 2‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ‪ ،p=1‬اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻟﻲ و ﭼﻨﮓ ]‪[12‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ و ﺷﻲ ]‪ [13‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪S 1 (A% , B% ) = 0.81, S 1 (A% , B% ) = 0.81,‬‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪S (A%1 , B% ) = 0.73, S (A%2 , B% ) = 0.68.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ و ﻋﺪم ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي در ﻣﺜﺎل‪.2‬‬

‫از آﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻟﻲ و ﭼﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻣﻜﺎنﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬وﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ‬

‫در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي‬ ‫و ﺷﻲ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺻﻞ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ )ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ ،(6‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ‪ B%‬ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ‪ A%‬ﺗﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻟﻲ و ﭼﻨﮓ ]‪ [12‬و ﻟﻴﺎﻧﮓ و ﺷﻲ ]‪ [13‬ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻳﻚ اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫دارد‪ .‬اﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ داراي وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ و ﻋﺪم ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ‪ A%‬و ‪ A%‬و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ‪ B%‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫زﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳﺎس ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ )ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،(3‬اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي‬
‫‪ .1‬اﺑﺰاري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﮕﻮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ زﻳﺮ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ‪ λ1‬و ‪ λ2‬در اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪A% = (1,1, 2, 2,3) ,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬

‫اﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛـﻪ ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ اﻋـﺪاد ﻓـﺎزي‬ ‫‪A%2 = (10, 2,1,3, 2)T ,‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﻮدي‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ و ﻋـﺪم ﻋﻀـﻮﻳﺖ ﻧﻴـﺰ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬ ‫‪B% = (4,3,5, 4, 6) .‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻋﺪاد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي ‪ LR‬ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﻋﻀـﻮﻳﺖ‬LR ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﻮع ﻋﺪد ﻓﺎزي ﺷﻬﻮدي‬.3
‫ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬،‫و ﻋﺪم ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎدﮔﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
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