Chapter 09 Peers, Romantic Relationships, and Life Styles - Version1

Student name:__________
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that

best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Individuals who are about the same age or maturity
level are called
1) ______
C) peers.
A) friends. D) classmates.
B) colleagues.
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a

Question Details working knowledge of
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember psychology’s content domains
Difficulty : Basic Accessibility : Keyboard
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and Navigation
loneliness in adolescent develop
2) Ali says that her peer group is very important to her.

Which of the following things will Ali likely say her peers do
for her?
2) ______
D) All of these
A) provide a source of information about the world choices are correct.
outside of the family
B) give her feedback about her abilities
C) serve as form of social comparison
null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

Question Details Apply
Difficulty : Basic null : APA: 1.3 Describe
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and applications of psychology
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
3) Which of the following is NOT a way in which social

media transforms adolescent peer relationships?
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3) ______
D) It creates
A) It changes the immediacy of experiences. completely novel
B) It alters the qualitative aspects of interactions. behaviors.
C) It encourages time management.
Accessibility : Keyboard
Question Details Navigation
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and Difficulty : Moderate
loneliness in adolescent develop null : Bloom's Taxonomy:
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Analyze
domains
4) Which of the following is an individual difference that

can affect an adolescent's peer relations?
4) ______
D) All of these
A) personality traits choices are correct.
B) negative emotionality
C) being in a subordinate social position
domains
Question Details Accessibility : Keyboard
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null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content
5) Susan is an adolescent whose peers view her as being

in a subordinate group. Which of the following statements
regarding Susan and the dominant peer group is likely to be
TRUE?
5) ______
C) Susan will be
A) Susan will be open to influence from the
dominant peer group.
B) Susan will be able to influence the dominant peer
group.
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alienated from the subordinate peer group.
D) None of these choices are correct.
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Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and null : APA: 1.3 Describe
loneliness in adolescent develop applications of psychology
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Difficulty : Moderate
6) Which of the following is NOT a positive aspect of

peer relationships?
6) ______
D) learning to be
A) exploring principles of fairness and justice by keen observers of peers'
working through disagreements with peers interests in order to
B) feeling hostile or lonely because of the hurt of integrate into the peer
being rejected by peers group
C) learning to be sensitive partners in intimate
relationships by forging close friendships with selected peers
domains
7) Deviant peer relations have been linked to all of the

following EXCEPT
7) ______
D) depression.
A) substance abuse.
B) eating disorders.
C) delinquent behavior.
domains
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8) A longitudinal study demonstrated that the ability to
resist peer influences was related to
8) ______
D) Neither of
A) decreased likelihood of problematic behaviors. these choices are correct.
B) increased likelihood of not having friends.
C) Both of these choices are correct.
domains
9) In what way(s) do parents influence the selection of

teen friendships?
9) ______
D) Parents make
A) Parents select where to live, which influences recommendations about
which friends teens are likely to meet. which peers their children
B) Parents are most likely to not be involved in a should and should not be
teen’s selection of friendships. friends with.
C) Parents select specific peers in which their teen
children can become friends.
domains
10) Cheri has a secure attachment to her parents. What

might this attachment mean to her attachment to her peers?
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10) ______
parents choose.
A) She will very likely be insecurely attached to her D) There is no
peers. correlation at all between
B) She will very likely be securely attached to her attachment to parents and
peers. attachment to peers.
C) She will be securely attached to the peers her

11) Conformity to peers peaks in grades
11) ______
C) eight to nine.
A) six to seven. D) nine to ten.
B) seven to eight.

12) A study by Mitchell Prinstein and colleagues revealed

that adolescents who have _____ are most likely to conform
to peers.
12) ______
D) None of these
A) high self-esteem choices are correct
B) low social anxiety
C) an uncertain social identity

Question Details Remember
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Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and Accessibility : Keyboard
loneliness in adolescent develop Navigation
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Difficulty : Moderate
domains
13) The term researchers use to describe the extent to

which children and adolescents are liked or disliked by their
peer group is
13) ______
D) sociometric
A) social capital. status.
B) popularity.
C) social inclusion.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design,
Difficulty : Basic and conduct basic psychological
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and research
14) Which of the following is NOT one of the peer

statuses that developmentalists have identified?
14) ______
D) rejected
A) unpopular children children
B) controversial children
C) neglected children

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15) ______
D) Popular
A) Popular children have social skills that contribute children are often
to their being well-liked. described as "shy" by their
B) Popular children are usually conceited. peers.
C) Popular children often have difficulty
communicating with their peers.
domains
16) Brenda listens carefully to her friends, controls her likely classified as a(n)
own negative emotions, and is self-confident. Brenda is most _____ child.
16) ______
C) popular
A) controversial D) neglected
B) average

17) Alex is described as "shy" by his peers; he has a low

rate of interaction with peers. Alex is likely to be classified as
a(n) _____ child.
17) ______
C) average
A) neglected D) controversial
B) rejected
Learning Goal : Discuss the

Question Details roles of peer relations,
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friendship, and loneliness in adolescent develop null : APA: 1.3 Describe
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation applications of psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty : Moderate
18) Which of the following developmental outcomes is

most likely associated with rejected children?
18) ______
D) All of these
A) depression choices are correct.
B) conduct disorder
C) school dropout
domains
19) What is the best explanation as to why aggressive

peer-rejected boys have social problems?
19) ______
is often different than the

A) Aggressive peer-rejected boys have trouble appearance of mainstream
controlling their emotions. teens.
B) Peers disapprove of the aggressive behaviors D) None of these
exhibited by aggressive peer-rejected boys. choices are correct.
C) The appearance of aggressive peer-rejected boys
domains
20) Which of the following statement regarding the effects of peer status during
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adolescence is FALSE?
20) ______
children are shy.

A) Rejection is linked to an increase in rule-breaking D) Unpopular
behavior. peers are more likely to be
B) Popular teens are more likely to be popular in unemployed during
dating. adulthood.
C) Approximately 10 to 20 percent of popular
domains
21) Impulsivity and problems sustaining attention are most

likely associated with which of the following children?
21) ______
C) controversial
A) neglected D) bohemian
B) rejected
domains
22) The best predictor of whether rejected children engage

in delinquent behavior or drop out of school later, during
adolescence is
22) ______
C) aggression
A) low rates of interactions with their peers.
B) aggression towards peers in junior high school.
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towards peers in elementary school.
D) use of alcohol in ninth grade.
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domains
23) Paul has been identified as a rejected, aggressive boy.

Which of the following is probably TRUE of Paul?
23) ______
D) All of these
A) He has few social skills in making friends. choices are correct.
B) He has problems sustaining attention.
C) He is emotionally reactive.

24) Social cognition involves
24) ______
D) All of these
A) feelings about social matters. choices are correct.
B) behaviors in regards to social matters.
C) thoughts about social matters.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember null : APA: 1.1 Describe key
Difficulty : Basic concepts, principles, and
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and overarching themes in
loneliness in adolescent develop psychology
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25) ______
D) All of these
A) giving out reinforcements to peers choices are correct
B) comforting a friend
C) sharing private information with a friend
domains
26) Planning ahead, generating multiple solutions to responses negatively are

hypothetical problems, and evaluating physically aggressive all
26) ______
D) prosocial
A) emotional regulation skills. skills.
B) social cognitive skills.
C) self-efficacy skills.
domains
27) Tony has not adjusted well to the peer group at his at a school dance, Tony
new school. When another boy accidentally bumps into Tony will be MOST likely to
27) ______
aggressive.
A) ignore the bump and continue talking to the D) ask those
chaperone who has befriended him. around him if he was
B) aggressively attack the other boy because he bumped on purpose.
assumes that he was bumped on purpose.
C) verbally lash out, but he won't be physically
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28) According to Kenneth Dodge, the first step in

processing information about our social world is
28) ______
D) selecting an
A) interpreting social cues. appropriate response.
B) searching for an appropriate response.
C) decoding social cues.

29) Yvonne's friend tells her that her new sweater is "like
an old-lady sweater—not cool." Yvonne is angry, but she
doesn't explode. She says, "I like it," and walks into her class.
Yvonne is demonstrating
29) ______
D) emotional self-
A) nonassertive behavior. regulation.
B) assertive behavior.
C) emotional blunting.

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30) ______
C) coaching.
A) role-playing. D) directing.
B) brainstorming.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember null : APA: 3.2 Build and
Difficulty : Basic enhance interpersonal
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and relationships
31) Conglomerate strategies are
31) ______
D) a team
A) the use of multiple techniques to improve approach to teaching social
adolescents' social skills. sciences.
B) also known as brainstorming.
C) the most effective kinds of problem-solving skills.
Difficulty : Moderate
Question Details null : APA: 3.2 Build and
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember enhance interpersonal
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and relationships
32) Lexi participated in a program designed to help her would Lexi have been
improve her self-control, stress management, and social taught to use LAST?
problem-solving skills. Which of the following strategies
32) ______
D) Think of lots
A) Go over the problem and state how you feel. of solutions.
B) Go ahead and try the best plan.
C) Set a positive goal.
Learning Goal : Discuss the

Question Details roles of peer relations,
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friendship, and loneliness in adolescent develop null : APA: 1.3 Describe
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation applications of psychology
33) Social-skills training programs have been generally

most successful with individuals who are
33) ______
D) in emerging
A) in early adolescence. adulthood.
B) age 10 and under.
C) in middle adolescence.
34) Mrs. Brice has several adolescents in her class who are Mrs. Brice implements a
clearly regarded as "weird" by their peers. In order to change strategy in which
the attitude of the majority group toward these few students,
34) ______
classmates in hopes of
A) the whole class undergoes social-skills training. raising their popularity.
B) the whole class works together on a common goal D) None of these
of organizing a food drive. choices are correct.
C) the outcast students are paired with sympathetic

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35) ______
D) social
A) financial support comparison
B) physical support
C) stimulation

36) Providing a friend with amusement is a function of

friendship called
36) ______
D) stimulation.
A) ego support.
B) social comparison.
C) companionship.
domains
37) Rosemary encourages her friend Meredith to try

harder in her biology class. Rosemary tells Meredith that she
can get a good grade and offers to give her feedback on her
reports. Which function of friendship is Rosemary providing
for Meredith?
37) ______
D) social
A) intimacy/affection comparison
B) ego support
C) stimulation
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38) The friendship function of providing closeness and

self-disclosure is
38) ______
D) stimulation.
A) ego support.
B) companionship.
C) intimacy/affection.
domains
39) Tyler and Andrew like to play basketball together and

"hang out," but they really don't know much about each
other's lives. This type of friendship is one primarily of
39) ______
D)
A) physical support. companionship.
B) social comparison.
C) ego support.

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40) ______
D) Aaron
A) Peter Blos. Durphey.
B) Anna Freud.
C) Harry Stack Sullivan.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember null : APA: 1.1 Describe key
Difficulty : Basic concepts, principles, and
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and overarching themes in
loneliness in adolescent develop psychology
41) Which of the following is NOT one of the basic social

needs identified by Harry Stack Sullivan?
41) ______
D) need for social

A) need for secure attachment acceptance
B) need for competitive companionship
C) need for intimacy

Question Details Analyze
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and null : APA: 1.1 Describe key
loneliness in adolescent develop concepts, principles, and
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation overarching themes in
Difficulty : Moderate psychology
42) Which of the following theorists stressed that it is symmetrical reciprocity

through peer interaction that adolescents learn the mode of relationships?
42) ______
D) Viktor Frankel
A) George Kelly
B) Melanie Klein
C) Harry Stack Sullivan

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Difficulty : Basic domains
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and Accessibility : Keyboard
loneliness in adolescent develop Navigation
43) Which of the basic social needs identified by Sullivan

intensifies in early adolescence?
43) ______
D) the need for

A) the need for a secure attachment sexual relations
B) the need for playful companionship
C) the need for intimacy
domains
44) Which of the following statements about adolescent

friendships is NOT true?
44) ______
support.
A) Adolescents, more than children, have to learn D) In adolescence,
more complex skills to maintain friendships. friends act more as
B) Children have more intimate friendships than confidants.
adolescents.
C) In adolescence, friendships provide a source of
domains
45) Which of the following statements regarding marriage trends around the world is
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TRUE?
45) ______
ages 30 and 33.

A) In Scandinavian countries, cohabitation is popular D) Japan has a
and people marry later. low proportion of
B) In Sweden, men and women marry in their early unmarried young people.
20s.
C) In Hungary, men and women marry at between

Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values
Learning Goal : Explain the diversity of emerging adult lifestyles. that build community at local,
Difficulty : Moderate national, and global levels
46) Tara's friends are in honors courses, and they all have
high grade-point averages. It is likely that Tara
46) ______
academics.
A) also has positive achievement in school. D) None of these
B) suffers anxiety trying to compete with her friends choices are correct.
for grades.
C) turns her attention to sports, rather than

47) A recent study found that, for girls, achievement of

their best friends is linked to the adolescent
47) ______
C) having higher
A) being involved in a team sport in high school.
B) being involved in extracurricular activities in high
school.
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school achievement.
D) having school conduct problems.
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null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design,
Question Details and conduct basic psychological
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and research
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Understand
48) A high degree of similarity between friends is known

as
48) ______
C) homophobia.
A) hemophilia. D) intimacy.
B) homophily.
domains
49) Travis, age 16, is friends with a group of young men than his counterparts with
ages 21 to 23. According to research, Travis is more likely same-age friends to
49) ______
D) have older
A) engage in early sexual behavior. sisters.
B) be highly mature.
C) be employed.

50) Chronic loneliness

has been linked to
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50) ______
C) poor grades.
A) impaired cognition. D) stealing.
B) impaired physical health.
domains
51) Which of the following statements regarding marriage

trends in the United States is NOT true?
51) ______
at least once.
A) Marriage rates in the United States have declined D) More adults
in recent years. are remaining single for
B) The average duration of marriage in the United longer periods of time.
States is 15 years.
C) More than 80 percent of Americans have married
Question Details null : Bloom's Taxonomy:
domains
Learning Goal : Explain the diversity of emerging adult lifestyles.
52) Which of the following statements regarding child and

adolescent groups is NOT true?
52) ______
children's groups.
A) Adolescent groups are more mixed or D) Rules are more
heterogeneous than children's groups. well defined in adolescent
B) Opposite-sex participation in social groups groups than in children's
decreases in adolescence. groups.
C) Adolescent groups are more formalized than
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Difficulty : Difficult
Question Details Learning Goal : Summarize
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content what takes place in adolescent
domains groups.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
53) Nikki "hangs out" every day and some of the time on
weekends with four other girls. They enjoy each other's
company and share a love of scrapbooking. Nikki is part of
a(n)
53) ______
C) club.
A) clique. D) out-group.
B) crowd.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation what takes place in adolescent
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply groups.
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
54) Which of the following statements regarding

adolescent crowds is TRUE?
54) ______
together.
A) Crowds are larger than cliques. D) All of these
B) Crowds are less personal than cliques. choices are correct.
C) Crowds may or may not spend much time

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Learning Goal : Summarize
domains what takes place in adolescent
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation groups.
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55) ______
D) emerging
A) late childhood. adulthood.
B) early adolescence.
C) late adolescence.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember what takes place in adolescent
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content groups.
domains
56) Which of the following is a common crowd of

adolescence?
56) ______
D) All of these
A) jocks choices are correct.
B) normals
C) brains
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Learning Goal : Summarize
Difficulty : Basic what takes place in adolescent
domains
57) Adolescents who say that crowd membership is not

that important to them are called
57) ______
C) self-actualized.
A) independents. D) populars.
B) nonconformists.
domains
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Learning Goal : Summarize what takes place in adolescent groups.
58) What do Girl Scouts, Young Republicans, Junior

Achievement, and 4-H have in common?
58) ______
D) None of these
A) Members tend to come from families with lower choices are correct.
incomes.
B) They are national youth organizations.
C) They are not very popular with youth.

Question Details Understand
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Learning Goal : Summarize
domains what takes place in adolescent
59) Which of the following youth programs is dedicated to

dropout prevention?
59) ______
D) WAVE
A) 4-H
B) ALANA
C) Junior Achievement
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember what takes place in adolescent
domains
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60) ______
school.
A) have higher self-esteem. D) take part in
B) be more radical. political demonstrations.
C) take more history and political science courses in
61) Quinby, age 13, does not participate in any youth

programs. Which of the following reasons might she give for
not participating?
61) ______
D) All of these
A) She has no transportation to programs. choices are correct.
B) She is unaware of the available opportunities.
C) She is not interested in the available activities.
62) There is increasing evidence that _____ plays an

important role in the peer group and friendships.
62) ______
D) gender
A) socioeconomic status
B) ethnicity
C) sexual orientation

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Learning Goal : Describe the roles of gender and culture in adolescent
peer groups and friendships.
63) Boys are more likely than girls to do all of the

following EXCEPT
63) ______
D) engage in
A) participate in organized sports. "collaborative discourse."
B) engage in risk-taking.
C) associate in larger clusters.

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Learning Goal : Describe the
domains roles of gender and culture in
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation adolescent peer groups and
Difficulty : Moderate friendships.
64) Girls' friendships in adolescence are more likely than

boys' to focus on
64) ______
C) excitement.
A) intimacy. D) ego support.
B) shared activities.
Question Details Learning Goal : Describe the
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember roles of gender and culture in
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content adolescent peer groups and
domains friendships.
65) Recent analysis concludes that boys are as good as or

more successful than girls at
65) ______
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D) All of these
A) companionship. choices are correct.
B) continuing a friendship when their friend gets
other friends.
C) coping when a friend violates a basic friendship.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember roles of gender and culture in
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content adolescent peer groups and
domains friendships.
66) Megan has a problem with her boyfriend's intense co-rumination is likely to
jealousy. She and her friends talk constantly about her result in
problem, focusing on nothing else. According to research, this
66) ______
D) All of these
A) resolution of the problem for Megan. choices are correct.
B) decrease in positive friendship quality with her
friends.
C) an increase in depressive symptoms for Megan.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation roles of gender and culture in
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply adolescent peer groups and
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology friendships.
67) Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to

assume a leadership role on the student council?
67) ______
D) Marcus, a
A) Jeremy, an African-American boy lower socioeconomic class
B) Sarah, a middle-class White girl White boy
C) John, a low socioeconomic class Latino boy

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psychology’s content domains Learning Goal : Describe the
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze adolescent peer groups and
Difficulty : Difficult friendships.
68) Purnima is an adolescent living in Iran. If her

experience is typical of adolescent girls living in Arab
countries, Purnima will
68) ______
socializing with males.

A) have limited opportunities for peer interactions. D) All of these
B) attend a sex-segregated school. choices are correct.
C) be severely restricted or even prohibited from
global levels
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply adolescent peer groups and
Difficulty : Moderate friendships.
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and
69) In the Murian culture of Eastern India, children live
69) ______
D) at boarding
A) in group homes from age 13 to age 18. schools from ages 8 to 18.
B) with their grandparents from ages 12 to 20.
C) in dormitories from age 6 until marriage.

Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Learning Goal : Describe the
Difficulty : Difficult roles of gender and culture in
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and adolescent peer groups and
global levels friendships.
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70) ______
D) In sub-Saharan
A) Street youth in South America rely on peer Africa, peers are not an
networks for survival. important aspect of
B) In many areas of rural India, peer relations for adolescents' lives.
girls are encouraged.
C) The peer group is more important to Japanese
adolescents than to adolescents in the United States.
global levels
Difficulty : Moderate adolescent peer groups and
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze friendships.
71) Which of the following statements about dating is

TRUE?
71) ______
D) Parents have
A) It is a relatively recent phenomenon. historically avoided any
B) The primary role of dating in the past was involvement in their
recreation. children's dating and mate
C) The primary role of dating today is to secure a selection.
mate.

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Learning Goal : Characterize
domains adolescent dating and romantic
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation relationships.
72) Janet dates Ryan primarily because he is popular and

good-looking. Which of the following functions of dating
does this fulfill for Janet?
72) ______
A) mate selection
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D) status
B) socialization
C) recreation
Question Details Learning Goal : Characterize
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation adolescent dating and romantic
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply relationships.
73) Haley and Andrew, both age 12, are "going out." They
eat lunch together every day, sit together on the bus, and meet
at the weekly school dance. This early relationship helps them
to
73) ______
D) All of these
A) validate their attractiveness to the opposite sex. choices are correct.
B) learn how to interact romantically.
C) negotiate socializing in a later heterosexual group.
74) The average age of the initial same-sex activity for

females is
74) ______
C) 14 to 18.
A) 10 to 14. D) 12 to 16.
B) 18 to 22.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember adolescent dating and romantic
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content relationships.
domains
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75) The average age of initial same-sex activity for males
is
75) ______
C) 15 to 17.
A) 11 to 13. D) 17 to 19.
B) 13 to 15.
domains
76) Which of the following statements regarding the

timing of dating (early starters vs. late bloomers) is FALSE?
76) ______
dating relationships.
A) Late bloomers showed no signs of maladjustment. D) On-time daters
showed no signs of
B) Early starters were more likely to show symptoms maladjustment.
of depression.
C) On-time daters follow a sequence of three steps in
domains
77) Which of the following statements about the romantic

relationships of sexual minority youth is NOT true?
77) ______
A) Same-sex
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relationships are complex. D) Same-sex
B) We can generalize from the issues of heterosexual romances may be met with
relationships to same-sex relationships. parental disapproval.
C) The most common initial same-sex partner is a
close friend.

78) A high frequency of dating in middle adolescence has

been linked to
78) ______
D) All of these
A) delinquency. choices are correct.
B) depression.
C) substance abuse.
domains
79) Romantic relationships and _____ predicted an

increase in depressive symptoms in girls.
79) ______
D) poor grades in
A) co-rumination school
B) secure attachment to parents
C) lack of female friends

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Learning Goal : Characterize adolescent dating and romantic relationships.
80) Researchers have found a link between early dating

and
80) ______
D) None of these
A) adolescent pregnancy. choices are correct.
B) suicide.
C) eating disorders.
Learning Goal : Characterize
Question Details adolescent dating and romantic
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember relationships.
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
81) Relationship education is designed to provide skills

for producing romantic relationships for
81) ______
D) All of these
A) youth in a classroom setting. choices are correct.
B) unmarried couples in small-group settings.
C) engaged couples in need of premarital education.
82) Most adolescent love is characterized by
82) ______
D) agape.
A) affectionate love.
B) romantic love.
C) companionate love.
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domains
83) Which of the following is NOT true of romantic love?
83) ______
D) It characterizes
A) It has a strong sexual component. most adolescent love.
B) It is extremely important among college students.
C) It is also called companionate love.

84) The type of love characterized by the desire to have

another person near and to have a deep, caring affection for
that person is called
84) ______
D) affectionate
A) eros. love.
B) agape.
C) filial love.

Version 1 37
85) ______
D) All of these
A) less sleep problems. choices are correct.
B) stronger depression.
C) higher anxiety.
domains
86) Shirlee and John are both widowed, and they have
found that they want to be with each other and to grow old
together. They both say, "romance is for the young," and they
are happy with their relationship. Shirlee and John share
which type of love?
86) ______
C) agape
A) companionate D) filial
B) erotic
87) Marriages in which the partners met online through

internet dating sites
87) ______
C) have slightly
A) are more likely to break up compared to those that higher rates of marital
began in off-line contexts. satisfaction than those who
B) are at an increased risk for problems with met in off-line contexts.
infidelity. D) are more likely
Version 1 38
to have children at an earlier age compared to those who met in off-line contexts.
domains
88) Which of the following Big 5 personality traits is

related to lower marital satisfaction?
88) ______
D) low openness
A) low neuroticism
B) low conscientiousness
C) high agreeableness

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Difficulty : Easy
domains
89) Most boys and girls who date each other
89) ______
D) All of these
A) come from similar ethnic backgrounds. choices are correct.
B) come from similar socioeconomic backgrounds.
C) have similar academic success.
domains
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90) Judy has a pattern of choosing partners whom she that Judy had a _____
perceives to be unresponsive and unavailable. It is probable attachment to her parents.
90) ______
C) disorganized
A) preoccupied/ambivalent D) secure
B) dismissive/avoidant
91) In a recent large-scale study, experiencing a romantic disappeared _____ after

breakup lowered individuals’ self-esteem, but the effect the breakup.
91) ______
C) one month
A) one day D) one year
B) one week
92) Which of the following findings related to women

from divorced families is TRUE?
92) ______
than are men from

A) They enter marriage with a lower commitment divorced families.
than women from never-divorced families. D) They have a
B) They enter marriage with more confidence that more positive view of
their marriages will succeed than women from never divorced males than women from
families. never-divorced families.
C) They are less sensitive to their parents' divorces
Version 1 40
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content adolescent dating and romantic
domains relationships.
93) Researchers have found links between romantic

relationships and
93) ______
D) socioeconomic
A) academic success. status.
B) quality of adolescent friendships.
C) quality of sibling relationships.

Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Learning Goal : Characterize
Difficulty : Moderate adolescent dating and romantic
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research relationships.
94) Research shows all of the following to be true of

adolescents' friendships and later romantic relationships
EXCEPT
94) ______
peer group participation.

A) intimate friendships form the basis for later dating D) mixed-gender
and marital relationships. groups are important to the
B) adolescents who are part of a mixed-sex peer development of romantic
group move more readily into romantic relationships. relationships.
C) young adolescents decrease their mixed-gender

Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation Learning Goal : Characterize
Difficulty : Moderate adolescent dating and romantic
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research relationships.
Version 1 41
95) Leeanne is a 15-year-old girl. When she describes her
romantic relationship, which of the following is she LEAST
likely to mention?
95) ______
C) companionship
A) intimacy D) love
B) support
96) Flora and Amy are a lesbian couple. They have been
together for 12 years and characterize their relationship as
happy. Which of the following is likely to be TRUE of their
relationship?
96) ______
relationship.
A) They try to find a balance between romantic love, D) All of these
affection, autonomy, and equality. choices are correct.
B) They have conflict in the same areas that
heterosexual couples do (finances, household chores, etc.).
C) They place a high priority on equality in their
Learning Goal : Explain the
Question Details diversity of emerging adult
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation lifestyles.
97) Which of the following is NOT likely to be part of a

dating script for females?
97) ______
B) concern for
A) enjoying the date appearance
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C) initiating the date
D) responding to her date's sexual gestures
domains
98) Jennifer was recently divorced from her husband, Ed. than their married
Although they were only married for two years and have no counterparts.
children, both Jennifer and Ed are at higher risk for _____
98) ______
D) All of these
A) loneliness choices are correct
B) decreased self-esteem
C) depression

99) Which of the following statements about dating scripts

is TRUE?
99) ______
D) All of these
A) males follow a proactive dating script choices are correct
B) females follow a reactive dating script
C) first dates tend to be highly scripted
domains
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Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize adolescent dating and romantic relationships.
100) Which of the following individuals has the highest risk

of divorce?
100) ______
married for two years

A) Andrea, a 43-year-old lawyer who has been D) Harry, a 40-
married for 12 years year-old physician whose
B) Connie, a 19-year-old high school graduate who parents divorced when he
has been married for a year was 25 years old
C) Joel, a 26-year-old youth minister who has been

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Difficulty : Difficult
domains
101) Amalie, age 17, is an adolescent whose parents Cambodia. Amalie is likely
immigrated to the United States from Brazil when she was 8 to
years old. Amalie wants to date a young man who is from
101) ______
date outside of her ethnic

A) have her parents' approval, because they are more group.
liberal than non-immigrants about dating than people from D) have to hide
other countries. any interest in boys from
B) be chaperoned on her dates until she is engaged. her parents.
C) have conflict with her parents over her wish to
global levels
Version 1 44
102) When parents impose strict rules on the dating frequently deal with this
behavior of their adolescent children, the adolescents conflict by
102) ______
hostility.
A) dating without the knowledge of their parents. D) None of these
B) having a teacher or coach talk to their parents choices are correct.
about the norms of dating in the United States.
C) abiding by their parents' rules but showing open
domains
103) Matt is a 26-year-old single man. Although he has a

great job, a nice apartment, and many friends, he is often
103) ______
D) All of these
A) stereotyped. choices are correct.
B) seen as lonely.
C) seen as having trouble settling down.

104) In _____, the marriage rate is rapidly decreasing to the

point that the government is very concerned about how it
could lead to a considerable drop in the population.
104) ______
C) France
A) Argentina
B) Japan
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D) All of these choices are correct.
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Learning Goal : Characterize

conformity to peer pressure has recent research found to be
TRUE?
105) ______
D) Peers are most

A) Social identity uncertainty is linked to peer likely to conform to peers
conformity. whom they perceive to be
B) Social identity uncertainty decreases in times of at the same level of social
school transition. status.
C) Social identity uncertainty decreases in time of
family transitions.
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and null : Bloom's Taxonomy:
loneliness in adolescent develop Analyze
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Difficulty : Difficult
domains
106) Never married men indicate that ___________ is the indicate that _________ is
most important factor to look for in a spouse, whereas women the most important factor.
106) ______
education
A) similar ideas about having children; having a D) same ethnic
steady job background; same moral
B) having a steady job; similar ideas about having and religious beliefs
children
C) same moral and religious beliefs; similar

Version 1 46

adolescent-peer and adolescent-parent relationships is NOT
true?
107) ______
morals and values.

A) The worlds of parents and peers are connected in D) Young
many ways. adolescents talk with their
B) Adolescents' relationships with their parents are mothers about their peer
disconnected from their peer relationships. relationships.
C) Parents have some influence over adolescents'
domains
108) Which of the following statements about cohabitation

is NOT true?
108) ______
D) Relationships
A) Almost all cohabitating couples plan to marry at between cohabitating
some point. couples tend to be more
B) Cohabitating couples' relationships are usually equal than those of
short-lived. husbands and wives.
C) Fewer than 10 percent of cohabitating couples are
still living together after five years.

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content lifestyles.
domains
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a

separate sheet of paper.
109) List five contexts in which adolescents interact with
peers.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate
loneliness in adolescent develop effective writing for different
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content purposes
domains
110) List five individual differences that can affect peer

relationships.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
domains
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111) Describe the positive and negative aspects of peers in adolescent development.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and Understand
loneliness in adolescent develop null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content effective writing for different
domains purposes
112) Describe how parents and peers are connected.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
domains purposes
113) Describe the five types of peer statuses.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
Version 1 49
domains purposes
114) Design an intervention program to increase an

adolescent's ability to increase activity with peers.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Question Details null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate
Learning Goal : Discuss the roles of peer relations, friendship, and effective writing for different
loneliness in adolescent develop purposes
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content null : Bloom's Taxonomy:
domains Evaluation
115) List and describe the six functions of friendship.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
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_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
________
domains
116) What differences exist between friendships in

childhood and friendships in adolescence?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
domains purposes
117) Describe the two important characteristics of

friendship seen in adolescence and emerging adulthood.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
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_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
domains purposes
118) List at least three ways that adults can recommend to

adolescents for making friends.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
null : APA: 3.2 Build and

Question Details enhance interpersonal
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember relationships
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation purposes
Version 1 52
domains purposes
120) What differences exist between groups in childhood

and groups in adolescence?
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
________________
Version 1 53
domains purposes
121) What differences exist between cliques and crowds?
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
domains purposes
122) Describe the role of a youth organization on

adolescent development.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
domains purposes
Version 1 54
123) Describe the differences between adolescent girls and
boys in friendships.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
Learning Goal : Summarize

Question Details what takes place in adolescent
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember groups.
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate
domains effective writing for different
124) Describe the role of culture in adolescent friendships.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
Learning Goal : Summarize

Question Details what takes place in adolescent
Difficulty : Moderate null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and effective writing for different
global levels purposes
125) List and describe the eight functions of dating.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
Version 1 55
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
________

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate
domains effective writing for different
126) Describe how romantic relationships in sexual

minority youth usually develop.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

domains null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation effective writing for different
Difficulty : Moderate purposes
127) Describe the link between dating and romantic

relationships and adjustment in adolescence.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
Version 1 56
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________

128) Describe the two types of love. Identify which type of

love is more common in adolescence.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Version 1 57
130) Describe U.S. trends in cohabitation and summarize

the positives and negatives of cohabitation.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Understand
Learning Goal : Explain the diversity of emerging adult lifestyles. purposes
131) What are the current trends in marriage in the United

States?
_________________________________________________ ______________________
Version 1 58
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
Question Details null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember effective writing for different
domains
Version 1 59
Answer Key Relationships, and
Life styles
Test name: Chapter 09 Peers, Romantic
1) C
2) D
3) C
4) D
5) A
6) B
7) B
8) C
9) A
10) B
11) C
12) C
13) D
14) A
15) A
16) C
17) A
18) D
Version 1 60
19) A
20) C
21) B
22) C
23) D
24) C
25) D
26) B
27) B
28) C
29) D
30) C
31) A
32) B
33) B
34) B
35) A
36) D
37) B
38) C
39) D
Version 1 61
40) C
41) B
42) C
43) C
44) B
45) A
46) A
47) C
48) B
49) A
50) B
51) B
52) B
53) A
54) D
55) B
56) D
57) A
58) B
59) D
60) A
Version 1 62
61) D
62) D
63) D
64) A
65) D
66) C
67) B
68) D
69) C
70) A
71) A
72) D
73) D
74) C
75) B
76) B
77) B
78) D
79) A
80) A
81) D
Version 1 63
82) B
83) C
84) D
85) D
86) A
87) C
88) B
89) D
90) B
91) D
92) A
93) B
94) C
95) D
96) D
97) C
98) D
99) D
100) B
101) C
102) A
Version 1 64
103) D
104) B
105) A
106) A
107) B
108) A
109) Contexts can include any type of peer religious setting,
the adolescent interacts with as well as the sporting events, as
situation where the interactions take place. well as the culture
Type of peer can include an acquaintance, in which the
members of a clique, a crowd, a friend, a adolescent lives.
romantic partner. Situations include school,
neighborhood, community center, dance,
110) Among the wide range of individual the adolescent can
differences that can affect peer relationships influence other
are personality traits, negative emotionality, peers but increase
how open the adolescent is to peer influence, the probability that
and the status or power of the adolescent the adolescent will
versus the status or power of the other be open to peer
adolescents or the adolescent peer group. influence.
Being in a subordinate social position in a
dyad or group can decrease the likelihood that
111) Positive influences of peers on They can also learn
adolescent development include exploration of to be keen observers
the principles of justice and fairness by of peers' interests
working through disagreements with peers. and perspectives in
Version 1 65
order to smoothly integrate themselves into corrupt influence
ongoing peer activities. Adolescents learn to that undermines
be skilled and sensitive partners in intimate parental values and
relationships by forging close friendships with control. In addition,
selected peers. In contrast, there are negative peer relations are
aspects of peers on adolescent development. linked to
Being rejected or overlooked by peers leads adolescents' pattern
some adolescents to feel lonely or hostile. of drug use,
Further, such rejection and neglect by peers delinquency, and
are related to an individual's subsequent depression.
mental health. Some theorists have also
described the adolescent peer culture as a
112) Parents' choice of neighborhoods, insecurely attached
churches, schools, and their own friends to their parents were
influence the pool from which their likewise insecurely
adolescents select possible friends. Parents attached to their
can model or coach their adolescents in ways peers. Although
of relating to peers. For example, parents can adolescent-parent
discuss with their adolescents how disputes attachments were
could be mediated and how to become less correlated with
shy. They can encourage them to be tolerant adolescent
and to resist peer pressure. In addition, secure outcomes, it is
attachment to parents is related to adolescents' important to keep in
positive peer relations. In one study, mind that the
adolescents who were securely attached to correlations are
their parents were also securely attached to moderate.
their peers, and adolescents who were
113) Developmentalists have distinguished neglected, rejected,
five types of peer statuses: popular, average, and controversial.
Version 1 66
Popular children are frequently nominated by Rejected children
their peers as a best friend and are rarely often have more
disliked. Popular children have a number of serious adjustment
social skills that contribute to their being well- problems than those
liked. Average children receive an average who are neglected.
number of both positive and negative Controversial
nominations from their peers. Neglected children are
children are infrequently nominated as a best frequently
friend but are not disliked by their peers. nominated both as
Neglected children engage in low rates of someone's best
interactions with their peers and are often friend and as being
described by peers as shy. Rejected children disliked.
are infrequently nominated as someone's best
friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
114) The goal of social-skills training intervention
programs for neglected children and program should be
adolescents is often to help them attract successful in
attention from their peers in positive ways and increasing social
to hold their attention by asking questions, acceptance and self-
listening in a warm and friendly way, and esteem, as well as in
saying things about themselves that relate to decreasing
the peers' interests. They also are taught to depression and
enter groups more effectively. The goal of anxiety among peer-
training programs for rejected children and rejected children.
adolescents is often to help them to listen to The program should
peers and "hear what they say" instead of include instruction
trying to dominate peer interactions. Rejected on how to improve
children and adolescents are trained to join
peers without trying to change what is taking
place in the peer group. A good social-skills
Version 1 67
self-control, manage stress, and engage in
social problem solving.
115) The functions that adolescents' information about
friendships serve can be categorized in six where adolescents
ways: stand in relation to
others and whether
• Companionship: Friendship provides adolescents are
adolescents with a familiar partner, someone doing okay.
who is willing to spend time with them and •
join in collaborative activities. Intimacy/Affection
• Stimulation: Friendship provides : Friendship
adolescents with interesting information, provides
excitement, and amusement. adolescents with a
• Physical support: Friendship provides warm, close,
resources and assistance. trusting relationship
• Ego support: Friendship provides the with another
expectation of support, encouragement, and individual, a
feedback that help adolescents to maintain an relationship that
impression of themselves as competent, involves self-
attractive, and worthwhile individuals. disclosure.
• Social comparison: Friendship provides
116) For most children, being popular with of young children.
their peers is a strong motivator. The focus of During adolescence,
their peer relations is on being liked by friends become
classmates and being included in games and increasingly
lunchroom conversations. Beginning in early important in
adolescence, however, teenagers typically meeting social
prefer to have a smaller number of friendships needs. The need for
that are more intense and intimate than those intimacy intensifies
Version 1 68
during early adolescence, motivating depend more on
teenagers to seek out close friends. If friends than on
adolescents fail to forge such close parents tosatisfy
friendships, they experience loneliness and a their needs for
reduced sense of self-worth. Adolescents companionship,
report disclosing intimate and personal reassurance of
information to their friends more often than do worth, and
younger children. Adolescents also say they intimacy.
117) The two important characteristics of age, sex, ethnicity,
friendship are intimacy and similarity. In the and many other
context of friendship, intimacy has been factors. Friends
defined in different ways. It has been defined often have similar
broadly to include everything in a relationship attitudes toward
that makes a relationship seem close or school, similar
intense. Research over the last two decades educational
consistently shows that intimacy is an aspirations, and
important feature of friendship. Another closely aligned
predominant characteristic of friendship is achievement
that, throughout the childhood and adolescent orientations.
years, friends are generally similar in terms of
118) Initiate interaction: Learn about a others: Have good
friend. Ask about his favorite activities.
Introduce yourself. Start a conversation. Invite
him/her to do things. Be nice: Show kindness
and consideration. Compliment the other
person. Engage in prosocial behavior: Be
honest and trustworthy by telling the truth and
keeping promises. Be generous, share, and be
cooperative. Show respect for yourself and
Version 1 69
manners. Be polite and courteous. Listen to
what others have to say. Have a positive
attitude and personality. Provide social
support: Show you care.
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119) Loneliness is interwoven with the Lonely individuals
passage through life transitions, such as a are less likely to
move to a different part of the country, a actively cope with
divorce, or the death or a close friend or stress than
family member. Another situation that often individuals who are
creates loneliness is the first year of college, able to make
especially if students leave the familiar world friends.
of their hometown and family to enter college.
120) Childhood groups differ from groups increases
adolescent groups in several important ways. during adolescence.
The members of childhood groups are often In late childhood,
friends or neighborhood acquaintances, and boys and girls tend
the groups usually are not formalized, as are to form small,
many adolescent groups. During the same-sex groups.
adolescent years, groups tend to include a As they move into
broader array of members; in other words, the early adolescent
adolescents other than friends or years, these same-
neighborhood acquaintances are often sex groups begin to
members of adolescent groups. Adolescent interact with each
groups are more heterogeneous than childhood other. Gradually
peer groups. Rules and regulations are more groups are formed
well defined, and leaders more likely to be based on mixed-sex
formally elected or appointed in adolescent relationships.
groups. Opposite-sex participation in social
121) Cliques are small groups that range adolescents engage
from two to about twelve individuals and in similar activities,
average about five to six individuals. Clique such as being in a
members are usually of the same sex and club or on a sports
about the same age. Cliques can form because team. Some cliques
Version 1 71
also form because of friendship. Adolescents adolescents engage.
in a clique share ideas and hang out together. Reputation-based
Often, they develop an in-group identity, in crowds often appear
which they believe that their clique is better for the first time in
than other cliques. Crowds are larger than early adolescence
cliques and are less personal. Adolescents are and usually become
usually members of a crowd based on less prominent in
reputation, and crowd members may or may late adolescence.
not spend much time together. Many crowds
are defined by the activities in which
122) Youth organizations can have an groups.
important influence on adolescent Participation in
development. Currently there are more than youth groups can
400 national youth organizations in the United help adolescents
States, serving 30 million young people each practice the
year. Adolescents who join such groups are interpersonal and
more likely to participate in community organizational skills
activities in adulthood and have higher self- that are important
esteem, are better educated, and come from for success in adult
families with higher incomes than their roles.
counterparts who do not participate in youth
123) From about five years of age forward, more likely to
boys are more likely than girls to associate in engage in
large clusters. Boys are more likely to collaborative
participate in organized games and sports than discourse, in which
are girls. Boys are also likely to engage more they talk and act in
often than girls in competition, conflict, ego a more reciprocal
displays, and risk taking. Boys are more likely manner. Girls'
than girls to seek dominance, while girls are friendships in
Version 1 72
adolescence are more likely to focus on problems because
intimacy; boys friendships tend to emphasize they perceive that
power and excitement. Boys may discourage self-disclosure is
one another from openly disclosing their not masculine.
124) In some countries, adults restrict lives; similar results
adolescents' access to peers. For example, in have been observed
many areas of rural India and in some Arab throughout Europe
countries, opportunities for peer relations in and North America.
adolescence are severely restricted, especially In some cultural
for girls. In these countries, interaction with settings, peers even
the other sex or opportunities for romantic assume
relationships are restricted, if not totally responsibilities
prohibited. In a cross-cultural analysis, the usually assumed by
peer group was more important to U.S. parents. For
adolescents than to Japanese adolescents. In example, street
Southeast Asia and some Arab regions, youth, in South
adolescents are starting to rely more on peers America, rely on
for advice and to share interests with them. In networks of peers to
many countries and regions, peers play more help them survive in
prominent roles in adolescents' lives. For urban environments.
example, in sub-Saharan Africa, the peer
group is a pervasive aspect of adolescents'
125) Dating can be a form of recreation; sexual
source of status and achievement; or part of experimentation and
the socialization process in adolescence. exploration. Dating
Dating involves learning about intimacy and can provide
serves as an opportunity to establish a unique, companionship;
meaningful relationship with a person of the contribute to
opposite sex. Dating can be a context for identity formation
Version 1 73
and development; or be a means of mate
sorting and selection.
126) The average age of initial same-sex relationships
activity for females ranges from 14 to 18 years because of limited
of age and for males from 13 to 15. The most opportunities and
common same-sex partner is a close friend. social disapproval
Most lesbian girls have sexual encounters with the relationships
boys before they have same-sex activity, might generate from
whereas gay adolescent boys are more likely families or
to show the opposite sequence. Most sexual heterosexual peers.
minority youth have same-sex sexual
experience, but few have same-sex romantic
127) Dating has been linked to a number of relationships at an
negative adjustment problems in adolescence. early age can be
In one study of tenth graders, it was found that especially
those who were dating had more externalized problematic.
problems, such as delinquency and substance Researchers have
abuse, than their counterparts who were not found that early
dating. A recent study of adolescent girls dating and "going
revealed that a higher frequency of dating was with" someone are
linked to having depressive symptoms and to linked with
emotionally unavailable parents. Another adolescent
recent study of adolescent girls found that pregnancy and
those who engaged in co-rumination were problems at home
more likely to be involved in a romantic and school.
relationship, and together co-rumination and
romantic involvement predicted an increase in
depressive symptoms. Dating and romantic
128) Romantic love, also called passionate love or eros, has
Version 1 74
strong sexual and infatuation components, and
it often predominates in the early part of a
love relationship. Romantic love characterizes
most adolescent love, and romantic love is
also extremely important among college
students. Another type of love is affectionate
love, also called companionate love, which
occurs when individuals desire to have
another person near and have a deep, caring
affection for that other person. There is a
strong belief that affectionate love is more
characteristic of adult love and that the early
stages of love have more romantic ingredients
than the later stages.
129) One area that affects the quality of their parents are
dating relationships is the type of attachment likely to expect
that adolescents have to their parents. Securely romantic partners to
attached adolescents have better dating and be unresponsive and
romantic relationships than their insecurely unavailable.
attached peers. It might be that adolescents Adolescents with a
with a history of secure attachment are better preoccupied/ambiva
able to control their emotions and are more lent attachment to
comfortable with self-disclosure in romantic their parents are
relationships. Thus, adolescents with a secure likely to be
attachment to parents are likely to approach disappointed and
relationships expecting closeness, warmth, frustrated with
and intimacy. Adolescents with a intimacy and
dismissing/avoidant type of attachment to closeness in
Version 1 75
romantic relationships. Adolescents whose adolescents'
parents have high marital conflict are less romantic
likely to have trusting relationships with relationships were
romantic partners. This is especially true for linked to their
girls. Peer relationships and friends provide relationships with
adolescents opportunities to learn new modes parents and peers.
of relating that they can carry over into Sullivan postulated
romantic relationships. Friendships in middle that friendships
childhood have been linked to security in form the basis for
dating as well as intimacy in dating, at age 16. satisfying dating
In one longitudinal study, it was found that relationships.
130) The percentage of U.S. couples who include disapproval
live together before marriage has increased a by parents and other
great deal, and cohabitation rates in some family members,
other countries are even higher than in the which can place a
United States. Emerging adults in low-income strain on the
circumstances are more likely to cohabit than cohabitating couple.
their higher-earning counterparts. A number Some cohabitating
of couples view cohabitation not as a couples have
precursor to marriage, but as a lifestyle choice. difficulty owning
In the United States, cohabitating property jointly and
arrangements tend to be short-lived, with one- partners' legal rights
third lasting less than a year. Fewer than 1 out upon the dissolution
of 10 lasts five years. An advantage to of the relationship
cohabitating is that the relationships tend to be are less certain than
more equal than those between married in the case of
couples. Disadvantages of cohabitating divorce.
131) In recent years, marriage rates in the for marriage has
United States have declined. The average age increased to 29.5
Version 1 76
years for men and 27.4 years for women, decline in marriage
higher than at any point in history. In addition, rates in the United
a large increase in cohabitation and a slight States.
decline in the percentage of divorced
individuals who remarry contribute to the
Version 1 77

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Student name:__________

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a

2) Ali says that her peer group is very important to her.

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

3) Which of the following is NOT a way in which social

4) Which of the following is an individual difference that

5) Susan is an adolescent whose peers view her as being

6) Which of the following is NOT a positive aspect of

7) Deviant peer relations have been linked to all of the

9) In what way(s) do parents influence the selection of

10) Cheri has a secure attachment to her parents. What

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

11) Conformity to peers peaks in grades

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a

12) A study by Mitchell Prinstein and colleagues revealed

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

13) The term researchers use to describe the extent to

14) Which of the following is NOT one of the peer

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

17) Alex is described as "shy" by his peers; he has a low

Learning Goal : Discuss the

18) Which of the following developmental outcomes is

19) What is the best explanation as to why aggressive

is often different than the

children are shy.

21) Impulsivity and problems sustaining attention are most

22) The best predictor of whether rejected children engage

23) Paul has been identified as a rejected, aggressive boy.

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

24) Social cognition involves

26) Planning ahead, generating multiple solutions to responses negatively are

28) According to Kenneth Dodge, the first step in

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

31) Conglomerate strategies are

Learning Goal : Discuss the

33) Social-skills training programs have been generally

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a

36) Providing a friend with amusement is a function of

37) Rosemary encourages her friend Meredith to try

38) The friendship function of providing closeness and

39) Tyler and Andrew like to play basketball together and

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

41) Which of the following is NOT one of the basic social

D) need for social

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

42) Which of the following theorists stressed that it is symmetrical reciprocity

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

43) Which of the basic social needs identified by Sullivan

D) the need for

44) Which of the following statements about adolescent

ages 30 and 33.

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

47) A recent study found that, for girls, achievement of

48) A high degree of similarity between friends is known

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

50) Chronic loneliness

51) Which of the following statements regarding marriage

52) Which of the following statements regarding child and