Lecture 6

Induced emf
Faraday’s law
Lenz’s law
 Q

The magnetic field produced by current ….. If both of the

current and distance are doubled.
a) increases to 4 times
b) increases to double
c) is not affected
d) decreases to half

The magnetic field produced by current is …….

a) direct proportional to the current and the distance from
the current
b) inversely proportional to the current and the distance from
the current
c) direct proportional to the current and inversely
proportional to the distance from the current
d) none of previous
 Q

A long solenoid that has 1000 turns uniformly

distributed over a length of 0.4 m produces a
magnetic field of magnitude 0.0001 T at its
center. What current is required in the windings
for that to occur? (knowing that permeability of
free space is 𝟒𝝅 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 𝑻 ∙ 𝒎/𝑨)
 Q

The magnetic field produced by a solenoid is

inversely proportional to ……
a) Number of terns
b) The electric current
c) Length of the solenoid
d) None of previous
The magnetic field produced by a coil is direct
proportional to ……
a) The electric current
b) Radius of the coil
c) None of previous
 Q

If the current passing in a coil is doubled and

number of turns decreases to quarter the magnetic
field at the center ………..
a) increases to double
b) decreases to half
c) doesn’t change

If the solenoid with number of turns 100 and length

2 m is replaced by coil with 200 turn and length 4
m, the magnetic field at the center ……
a) increases to double
b) decreases to half
c) doesn’t change
 Induced emf and Faraday’s law

Faraday’s demonstrated that

Changing the magnetic field produces electric
current

When the switch is

closed, the A reads
momentary.

If the switch is opened

again, the A reads
current in opposite
direction and again
returns to zero.
Whenever there is steady current, A reads zero
 Induced emf and Faraday’s law

Magnetic flux
is proportional to both the strength of the magnetic
field passing through the plane of a loop of wire
and the area of the loop.

𝜱𝑩 = 𝑩 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝜽 is the angle between B and the normal
(perpendicular) to the plane of the loop.
𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒙 weber (Wb)

𝒘𝒃 ≡ 𝑻 ∙ 𝒎𝟐
 Induced emf and Faraday’s law

Magnetic flux
is proportional to both the strength of the magnetic
field passing through the plane of a loop of wire
and the area of the loop.

𝜱𝑩 = 𝑩 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝜽 is the angle between B and
the normal (perpendicular) to
the plane of the loop.

𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒙 weber (Wb)

𝒘𝒃 ≡ 𝑻 ∙ 𝒎𝟐
 Induced emf and Faraday’s law

Magnetic flux
is proportional to the total number of lines passing
through the loop

When plane of the loop is

perpendicular to field,
max number of lines passes
through the loop.
When plane of the loop is
parallel to field,
no lines passes through the
loop.
 Induced emf and Faraday’s law

A conducting circular loop of radius 0.25 m is placed in the

xy-plane in a uniform magnetic field of 0.36 T that points in
the positive z - direction, the same direction as the normal to
the plane. (a) Calculate the magnetic flux through the loop.
(b) Suppose the loop is rotated clockwise around the x - axis,
so the normal direction now points at a 45° angle with
respect to the z - axis. Recalculate the magnetic flux through
the loop.
(c) What is the change in flux due to the rotation of the loop?

𝑨 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 = 𝝅 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟔 𝒎𝟐

𝜱𝑩𝟏 = 𝑩 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟔 × 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕 𝑾𝒃
𝜱𝑩𝟐 = 𝑩 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟔 × 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝑾𝒃
∆𝜱𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝑾𝒃
Faraday’s law
 Faraday’s law

If the magnet is held stationary and the loop is

moved either toward or away from the magnet, the
ammeter also reads a current.
➢ a current is established in the circuit as long as
there is relative motion between the magnet and
the loop.
➢ The same experimental results are found whether
the loop moves, or the magnet moves.
➢ We call such a current an induced current
because it is produced by an induced emf.
 Faraday’s law

Faraday’s law of magnetic induction

The instantaneous emf induced in a circuit equals
the negative of the rate of change of magnetic flux
with respect to time through the circuit.

∆𝜱𝑩
𝜺 = −𝑵
∆𝒕
 Faraday’s law

A coil with 25 turns of wire is wrapped on a frame with a

square cross section 1.8 cm on a side.
Each turn has the same area, equal to that of the frame, and
the total resistance of the coil is 0.35 W. An applied uniform
magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the coil,
(a) If the field changes uniformly from 0 T to 0.5 T in 0.8 s, what is
the induced emf in the coil while the field is changing?
(b) Find the magnitude of the induced current in the coil while the
field is changing.
𝑨 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟐
𝜱𝑩𝟏 = 𝟎 𝑾𝒃 𝜱𝑩𝟐 = 𝑩 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟑. 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑾𝒃

∆𝜱𝑩 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑾𝒃
∆𝜱𝑩 𝟏. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒
𝜺 = −𝑵 = −𝟐𝟓 × = −𝟓. 𝟎𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑽
∆𝒕 𝟎. 𝟖
∆𝑽 𝟓. 𝟎𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑰= = = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑨
𝑹 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓
 Lenz’s law

The current from the induced emf creates a

magnetic field with flux opposing the change in
magnetic flux through a circuit.
 Q

A uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.5 T is directed

perpendicular to the plane of a rectangular loop having
dimensions 8 cm by 12 cm. Find the magnetic flux
through the loop.
Q
 Q

The figure shows three edge views of a square loop with sides of
length , L= 0.25 m in a magnetic field of magnitude 2 T. Calculate
the magnetic flux through the loop oriented (a) perpendicular to the
magnetic field, (b) 60° from the magnetic field, and (c) parallel to
the magnetic field.
Thank you
for
attention