Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Biology

    Uploaded by

    carliehtcheung
    3 views3 pages
    1) Cells need to transport materials like glucose and oxygen in and carbon dioxide and waste out to carry out life processes. This is done through diffusion and osmosis across the selectively permeable cell membrane. 2) Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower through random motion until equilibrium is reached. Smaller particles diffuse faster. A higher concentration gradient, shorter distance, gaseous medium, larger surface area, and higher temperature all increase the rate of diffusion. 3) Osmosis is the movement of water across the partially permeable cell membrane. In animal cells, hypotonic solutions cause swelling and bursting, while hypertonic solutions cause shrinking. In plant cells

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    1) Cells need to transport materials like glucose and oxygen in and carbon dioxide and waste out to carry out life processes. This is done through diffusion and osmosis across the selectively permeable cell membrane. 2) Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower through random motion until equilibrium is reached. Smaller particles diffuse faster. A higher concentration gradient, shorter distance, gaseous medium, larger surface area, and higher temperature all increase the rate of diffusion. 3) Osmosis is the movement of water across the partially permeable cell membrane. In animal cells, hypotonic solutions cause swelling and bursting, while hypertonic solutions cause shrinking. In plant cells

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    3 views3 pages

    Biology

    Uploaded by

    carliehtcheung
    1) Cells need to transport materials like glucose and oxygen in and carbon dioxide and waste out to carry out life processes. This is done through diffusion and osmosis across the selectively permeable cell membrane. 2) Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower through random motion until equilibrium is reached. Smaller particles diffuse faster. A higher concentration gradient, shorter distance, gaseous medium, larger surface area, and higher temperature all increase the rate of diffusion. 3) Osmosis is the movement of water across the partially permeable cell membrane. In animal cells, hypotonic solutions cause swelling and bursting, while hypertonic solutions cause shrinking. In plant cells

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 3

    Movement across cell membrane

    transportation of materials
    •

    glucose & oxygen )


    cells need to obtain substances ( order to out life processes
    carry
    -

    various in

    cells need to rid of substances ( carbon dioxide & unreal them


    get that useless and harmful to
    -

    are

    1) diffusion

    definition : The net movement of particles / molecules / ions ) from a


    region
    of
    higher concentration to a
    region of lower

    concentration

    passive process ( does not


    require supply
    of )
    energy
    -

    all substances are made of particles


    up

    gas/ liquid
    ↳ the is in
    particles

    constant /random
    ↳ which kinetic
    they
    motion
    posses
    energy
    are in

    differences in concentration / concentration


    gradient ) of substance between two adjacent the
    particles spread out
    regions evenly
    -

    a
    ,

    until equilibrium is reached / no net movement )

    selectively permeable
    can occur across membrane
    -

    factors
    affecting
    diffusion

    -
    size of molecules

    ↳ small
    diffuse faster than
    particles large particles

    gradient
    -

    concentration

    diffusion difference between


    rapidly
    ↳ occurs more it there is a
    large in concentration two
    regions
    distance of diffusion
    -

    ↳ diffusion if distance of diffusion


    rapidly shorter
    occurs more the is

    medium it'±E¥

    ↳ diffusion is faster in
    gaseous medium

    surface area

    ↳
    larger surface area promotes a
    higher rate of diffusion

    temperature
    -

    higher because
    ↳ diffusion faster when kinetic
    is
    temperature is the
    energy
    of
    particles increases

    examples
    -

    exchange of
    gases
    in air sacs of
    lungs absorption
    ,
    of
    digested food into blood from the intestine , movement of CO2 into leaves for

    photosynthesis
    2) osmosis

    definition :
    Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across the
    partially permeable cell

    membrane

    • effects of osmosis on animal cell

    7÷
    hypotonic
    -

    burst
    swell
    eventually
    ↳ cells and
    up

    hypertonic
    -

    ↳
    cells shrink and appear to be wrinkled Yak

    • effects of cell
    osmosis on
    plant

    hypotonic
    -

    ↳ cells swell and become


    turgid A- ÉÉIIÉ
    ☒
    ☐
    -

    """
    hypertonic
    " " " " """ " "" " " ""
    " "" " " " "
    " ""
    ""
    "" "" " """⇐
    ⑧ ◦

    (
    plasmolysed
    ① cell membrane detches from the cell wall

    ③ vacuole becomes smaller / disappears

    -
    there's a net movement

    ③ small
    cytoplasm becomes

    3) active transport
    definition :
    active transport is the movement of
    particles against a concentration
    gradient using energy
    ,
    from

    respiration

    -
    can dilute → concentrate/ concentrate -2 dilute

    ① The
    particle to be transported binds to a car rier
    protein
    ① shape
    change using energy
    The
    protein carrier its

    ③ The
    particles is released on the other side of the cell membrane

    ☆
    examples

    transported blood from ⑦¥4 , substances that useful to the reabsorbed


    nutrients
    actively into the intestine
    body actively
    are are are

    back absorb mineral from the soil


    into the blood from
    kidney ,
    root hair
    actively ions
    Respiration
    •
    Burning
    Food -1
    oxygen
    → carbon dioxide 1- water +
    energy
    Cheat -1
    light)
    -

    food and needed


    oxygen are

    water and carbon dioxide produced


    -

    are

    amount of released same with


    energy
    is
    respiration
    -

    requires high temperature


    -

    single
    -

    reaction

    aerobic
    •
    respiration

    Glucose -1
    oxygen → carbon dioxide + water 1- ( (
    6th 06+602 → 6C
    02-161-120 )
    energy
    -

    food and needed


    oxygen are

    water and carbon dioxide produced


    -

    are

    amount of
    energy
    released is same with
    burning
    -

    requires body temperature only


    -

    of reaction
    -

    a series

    broken down step by step


    -

    is
    energy
    - -

    gradually
    ↳ release
    energy

    controlled by specific
    ↳
    enzyme
    -

    reaction take place in mitochondria

    to can
    speed up reaction

    You might also like