SOLVED SUBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 :
1
Evaluate I   x ln  1   dx .
 x
Solution:

 1 x 1
ln  1    ln  ln (x  1)  ln x
 x x

 I   x ln (x  1) dx   x ln x dx  I1  I 2
Let us integrate I1 and I2 by parts. Put

x2 1 x2  1  1
I1   x ln (x  1)dx  ln (x  1)  dx
2 2  x 1

x2 1 1 1
= ln (x  1)   dx   (x  1) dx
2 2 1 x 2

x2 1 x2 x
= ln (1  x)  ln (1  x)   + C
2 2 4 2

x2 1 1 1
 ln (x  1)  x 2  x  C
2 4 2

x2 1
Similarly I2 =  x ln x dx  ln x  x 2  C
2 4
 I = I1 – I2

1 x2 x
I  (x 2  1) ln (x  1)  ln x   C
2 2 2
Example 2 :
1
Evaluate  1  sin x  cos x dx

Solution:

2 tan x / 2 1  tan 2 x / 2
Put sinx = and cosx = , we have
1  tan 2 x / 2 1  tan 2 x / 2

1 dx
I dx  
1  sin x  cos x 2 tan x / 2 1  tan 2 x / 2
1 
1  tan 2 x / 2 1  tan 2 x / 2
 1  tan 2 x / 2
 dx
1  tan 2 x / 2  2 tan x / 2  1  tan 2 x / 2

1 sec 2 x / 2
2  1  tan x / 2
= Put 1 + tanx/2 = t then sec2x/2 dx = 2dt

dt x
 I = log t = log (1 + tan ) + C1
t 2

Example 3 :

Integrate  x 3e x sin x dx
Solution:

x 1/ 2 x  
Since  e sin x dx  2 e sin  x   ,
 4

3 x 3 1/ 2 x   2 1/ 2 x  
We have  x e sin x dx  x 2 e sin  x     3x 2 e sin  x   dx
 4  4

x3   3 2 1/ 2 x  
= e x sin  x     x 2 e sin  x   dx
2  4 2  2

x3   3
= e x sin  x     x 2e x cos x dx
2  4 2

x3 x   3   3  
= e sin  x    x 2 e x cos  x     xe x cos  x   dx
2  4 2 2  4 2  4

x3   3 2 x   3 3
= e x sin  x    x e cos  x    xe x sin x   e x sin (x) dx
2  4  2 2  4  2 2

x3   3 2 x   3 3 x  
= e x sin  x    x e cos  x    x e x sin x  e sin  x  
2  4 2 2  4 2 2 2  4

Example 4 :
2
x2 x
Integrate  e  
x4
Solution:
2
x 2 
I   e 1   dx
 x4
  4 4 
 I   exdx   ex   2
dx
 x  4 (x  4) 

x  1 x 1  x ex xe x
= e 4e   2
dx = e  4 
 x  4 (x  4)  x  4 (x  4)
Example 5 :
m cos m x cos nx
If Im, n =  cos m x sin nx dx then prove that Im, n  Im 1,n 1 
mn mn
Solution:
Let Im, n =  cos m x sin nx dx

Apply by parts taking cosmx as the first part and sin nx as the second part.

cosm x cos nx m
 Im, n = –   cos m1 x (sin x cos nx) dx
n n
Now sin (n – 1) x = sin nx cos x – cosnx sin x
or cos nx sin x = sin nx cosx – sin (n – 1) x

cos m x cos nx m
 Im, n     cos m1 x[sin nx cos x  sin (n  1) x]dx
n n

cosm x cos nx m m
 Im, n = –   cos m x sin nx dx   cos m 1 x sin (n  1) x dx
n n n

 m cos m x cos nx m
 1  n  Im,n   n
 Im 1,n 1
n
 

m cos m x cos nx
 Im, n  Im 1,n 1 
mn mn

Example 6 :

Integrate  sin 6 x cos 2 x dx

Solution:
Let cosx + isinx = y; then

1 1
2 cosx = y + , 2 cos nx = yn + n
y y
 1 1
2i sinx = y – , 2i sin nx = yn – n (Remember as the standard results)
y y

6 2
 1  1
2 i sin x. 2 cos x =  y    y  
6 6 6 2 2

 y  y

8 1  1   1   1 
=y  8
 4  y 6  6   4  y 4  4   4  y 2  2   10 (On expending then multiplying)
y  y   y   y 
= 2cos8x – 8cos 6x + 8cos 4x + 8cos 2x – 10
1
and sin6x cos2x = {–cos 8x + 4cos6x – 4 cos4x – 4cos2x + 5},
27
6 2 1 sin8x sin 6x sin 4x 4sin 2x
Thus  sin x cos x dx  7
 4 4   5x
2 8 6 4 2

Example 7 :
dx
Evaluate I  
4
(x  1) 3 (x  2) 5
Solution:

dx dx
dx 
Let I   =  3
3/ 4
 x 1 
4 3
(x  1) (x  2) 5  x 1  8
2
(x  2)  
4
  (x  2) x2
 x 2

x 1
Now put t
x2

3 dx dt
 dx  dt or 2

(x  2) 2 (x  2) 3

1/ 4
dt 1 3 / 4 1 (t)1/ 4 4  x 1 
I  (t) dt  
3(t)3 / 4 3 
C    C
3 (1/ 4) 3 x  2

Example 8 :
1
Evaluate  (x  1)  4 (x  1)
dx

Solution:
We put 1 + x = y4  dx = 4y3 dy
 3
1
dx  4y 4y 2
  (x  1)  4 (x  1)  y2  y dy   y  1 dy
 1   y2 
= 4   (y  1)   dy  4   y  log (y  1) 
 y  1 2 
2 4
= 2y + 4y + 4log (y – 1), where x + 1 = y

Example 9 :
Evaluate  3 tan x dx
Solution:
3 1/2
Let tanx = z3/2, then sec2 xdx = z dz
2
3 3 1/ 2 1 3 z 3 zdz
 I=  z3 / 2 z dz   dz = 
2 2
sec x 2 1 z 3 2 (1  z) (1  z  z 2 )

z A Bz  C
Let   2 2
(1  z)(1  z  z ) 1  z z  z  1  z  A(z  z  1)  (Bz  C) (1  z)
2

1
put z = – 1. Then –1 = A(1 + 1 + 1) so, A  
3
1
Equating coefficients of z2 on both sides, O = A + C,  C = and B = 1/3
3
1 1
z 1 1 z 1
 3 1 dz 3 3 3 dz   log (1  z)   2 dz
I  .   2 2 2 z  z 1
2 3 1 z 2 z  z 1
1 1 (2z  1)  3
  log (1  z)   2 dz
2 4 z  z 1
1 1 (2z  1) dz 3 dz
  log (1  z)   2   2
2 4 z  z 1 4  1  3
 z     
 2   2 

1
1 1 3 1 z
  log (1  z)  log (z 2  z 1)  . tan 1 2 c
2 4 4 3 3
2

1 1 3 2 tan 2 / 3 x  1
  log (1  tan 2 / 3 x)  log (tan 4 / 3 x  tan 2 / 3 x 1)  tan 1 c
2 4 2 3
Example 10 :
x2
Evaluate I   dx
(x 4  1) x 4  1
Solution:
1 (x 2  1)2  (x 2  1)2

4  (x 4  1) x 4  1

1  (x 2  1) (x 2 – 1) 
  dx   dx 
4  (x 2  1) x 4  1 (x 2  1) x 4  1 

1
 I [I – I ] ... (1)
4 1 2

x 2 (1  1/ x 2 )dx
Now I1  
2
 1  1
x2  x    x    2
 x  x
Putting x – 1/x = t, we get
dt
I1 = t
t2  2
Now putting t2 + 2 = u2
u du 1 u 2
I1   2
 log
(u  2)u 2 2 u 2

1 (u  2)2 1 u 2
= log 2
 log  
2 2 u 2 2  t 

1
x2   2
1 x2 1 x4  1  x 2
= log  log
2 x
1 2 x2  1
x

 1 
 1  2 
x2  1   x 
I2  
2 4
dx   1  2 1 dx
(x  1) x  1
 x  x  x  x2
 
putting x + 1/x = v, we have
dv
I2   , v2 – 2 = w2 gives
v v2  2
 1
w dw 1 1 w
x2  2
 2  tan 1 1 x 1 1 x4  1
(w  2)w 2 2  2 tan 2

2
tan
x 2

1   x4 1  x 2  1 x4  1 
 I  log    tan 
4 2   x2 1 
 x 2 

Example 11 :
x
Evaluate  dx
x 2
Solution:

x x 1  x2  1
[Here integrand =  .  
x 2 x  2 x  x  2  x

x2 1 1
and is a function of x and d.c. of x   . Second function. Hence put z  x .
x 2 2 x 2
1
Let z  x , and dz  dx
2 x
x x dx  z2  z2
Now  dx   . =   z  2  2dz  2  z  2 dz
x2 x 2 x  
Let y = z + 2, then dy = dz
z2 (y  2) 2 y 2  4y  4
Now  dz   y dy   y dy
z2

4 y2 (z  2)2
=  (y  4  ) dy   4y  4log | y | c   4(z  2)  4log| z  2 | c
y 2 2

z 2  4  4z x44 x
  4z  8  4log| z  2 | c   4 x  8  4 log | x  2 |  c
2 2

Example 12:
1
Evaluate: x 4
dx
 1  5x 2
Solution:
1 2 1 1  x2 1 x 2 1
I  4 dx =  4 dx   4 dx
2 x  1  5x 2 2 x  1  5x 2 2 x  1  5x 2
 1 1  (1/ x 2 ) 1 1  (1/ x 2 )
=  2 dx   2 dx  (I1  I 2 ) / 2
2 x  (1/ x 2 )  5 2 x  (1/ x 2 )  5

1  1 
For I1 = we write x –  t   1  2  dx  dt
x  x 

dt 1 t 1  x  1/ x 
 I1   2 2
 tan1  tan1  
t  ( 7) 7 7 7  7 

1  1 
For I2, we write x +  t   1  2  dx  dt
x  x 

dt 1 t 1  x  1/ x 
I2  2 
 tan1  tan1  
t  ( 3) 3 3 3  3 
Combining the two results, we get I = (I1 – I2)/2

1  x  1/ x  1  x  1/ x 
= tan 1   tan 1  c
2 7  7  2 3  3 
Example 13:
Evaluate:  x 2 e3x dx
Solution:

2 3x x 2e3x  e3x  1 2
 x e dx  3    2x 3  dx = 3 x 2 e3x  3  xe3x dx
2
1 2 3x 2  1 3x 1 
 x e   x e   e3x dx  = x e 3x  2 xe 3x  2 e 3x
3 3 3 3  3 9 27
2
3x  x 2 2 
= e   x  c
 3 9 27 
Example 14:
Evaluate:  x tan 1 x dx
Solution:

1 x2  1 x2 
dx
x2 1 1 x2
–  1 x2 2 tan x  dx
 x tan xdx = tan–1x. 2  1  x2
  =
2   2

x2 1  1 
= tan 1 x   1  dx
2 2  1  x 2 

1 2 1
= (x  1) tan 1 x  x  c
2 2
Example 15:
x  2  sin 2x 
Evaluate:  e   dx
 1  cos 2x 
Solution:

x  2  sin 2x   2 sin 2x 
I= e   dx  I =  e x    dx
 1  cos 2x  1  cos 2x 1  cos 2x 

x  2 2sin x cos x  x 2
 I = e  2cos 2 x  2cos 2 x  dx   e sec x  tan x  dx
 
x 2 x
 I   e [tan x  sec x]dx  e tan x  c

Example 16:
(x  1) dx
Evaluate:  (2x  1) (x  2) (x  3)

Solution:
x 1 A B C
Let f(x) = (2x  1) (x  2) (x  3)  2x  1  x  2  x  3

x 1  6
A  
(x  2) (x  3)  x  1 35
2

x 1  1
B  
(2x  1) (x  3)  x  2 5

x 1  2
C  
(2x  1) (x  2)  x  3 7

6 dx 1 dx 2 dx
 f (x) dx  35  2x  1  5  x  2  7  x  3
3 1 2
=  ln | 2x  1|  ln | x  2 |  ln | x  3 |  C
35 5 7
Example 17:
dx
Evaluate : x 3
1
Solution:
1 1
Let f (x)  x 3  1  (x  1) (x 2  x  1)
 1 A Bx  C
 f(x) = (x  1) (x 2  x  1)  x  1  x 2  x  1

 1 = A (x2 – x + 1) + (Bx + C) (x + 1)
Comparing the coefficients of x2, x, and constants
0 = A + B, 0 = –A + B + C , 1 = A + C
 A = 1/3, B = –1/3 & C = 2/3
1 x 2
 
 f(x) = 3 + 3 3
x 1 x2  x 1

1 dx 1
I1   log| x  1|  C1
3  x 1 3
Let

1 2
 x
3 dx  1 2 x
Let I2   23  2
dx
x  x 1 3 x  x 1
Express the numerator in terms of derivative of denominator.
1 2x  4
I2   dx
6  x2  x  1


1 2x  1 1 dx
 I2    2
dx   2
6 x  x 1 2 x  x 1
1 1 dx
 I 2   log| x 2  x  1|   2
6 2 x  x 1

1 1 dx
 I 2   log | x 2  x  1|   2
6 2  1 3
x  2   4
 

 1
 x 
1 1 2  C
I2   log | x 2  x  1|  tan 1  2
 6 3  3 
 
 2 

1 1  2x  1 
 I2   log | x 2  x  1|  tan 1    C2
6 3  3 
dx
x  f (x) dx  I1  I 2
1 
 3
 1 1 1  2x  1 
2
= log | x  1|  log | x  x  1|  tan 1  C
3 6 3  3 

1 x 1 1  2x  1 
= 3 log  tan 1  C
x2  x 1 3  3 

Example 18:

Evaluate:  2x 2  3x  4 dx

Solution:
3
 2x 2  3x  4 dx = 2  (x 2  x  2) dx
2

2 2
 3   23 
 2  x      dx
 4   4 

2 2
 3   23 
= 2  x      dx
 4   4 

1  3  1 23 3
 2   x   2x 2  3x  4   log x   2 2x 2  3x  4  c
2  4  2 16 4

1 23  3
= (4x  3) 2x 2  3x  4  log  x    2x 2  3x  4 + c
4 2 16 2  4

Example 19:
3x  1
Evaluate:  dx
2
x  4x  1
Solution:
The linear expression in the numerator can be expressed as
d 2
3x + 1 = l (x + 4x + 1) + m
dx
 3x + 1 = l (2x + 4) + m
Comparing the coefficients of x and constants both sides.
3 = 2l & 1 = 4l + m
 l = 3/2 & m = – 5
 3x  1 3 / 2 (2x  4)  5
 I   dx
x 2  4x  1 x 2  4x  1

3 2x  4 dx
= 2 5
x 2  4x  1 x 2  4x  1

3 2x  4 3 dt
Let I1     (where t = x2 + 4x + 1)
2 2
x  4x  1 2 t

= 3 t  C  3 x 2  4x  1  C

dx dx
Let I2 = 5  2
x  4x  1
5
(x  2) 2  3

= 5 log | x  2  (x  2) 2  3 |  C

 I = I1 – I2 = 3 x 2  4x  1  5log| x  2  x 2  4x  1 |  C

Example 20:
dx
Evaluate  3sin 2
x  4 cos 2 x
Solution:
dx sec 2 x
 3sin 2 x  4 cos2 x   3tan 2 x  4 dx
dt
 2 where t = tanx
3t  4

1 dt 1  t  1  3 
  tan 1  C = 1
= 3 t2  2 / 3 2 tan  tan x   C
  2 3  2/ 3  2 3  2
 

Example 21:
1 1
Evaluate:  5  4cos x dx    1  tan 2 x / 2 
dx
5  4 2 
 1  tan x / 2 
Solution:
1  tan 2 x / 2 sec 2 x / 2
= dx 
 9  tan 2 x / 2  9  tan 2 x / 2 dx
 1 x
Put tanx/2 = t  sec 2 dx = dt,
2 2
dt 2 t 2  tan x / 2 
= 2 2 2
 tan 1    c  tan 1   C
3 t 3  3 3  3 

Example 22 :
3cos x  2
Evaluate  sin x  2 cos x  3 dx

Solution:
d
3cosx + 2 = A(sinx + 2cosx + 3) + B (sinx + 2cosx + 3) + 
dx
3cosx + 2 = sinx (A –2B) + cosx (2A + B) + 3A + 
Comparing the coefficients of sinx, cosx and constant terms on both sides, we get
A – 2B = 0, 2A + B = 3, 3A +  = 2
6 3 8
Solving these equation we get A , B , 
5 5 5
6 3 8
(sin x  2cos x  3)  (cos x  2sin x) –
3cos x  2 5 5 5
=  sin x  2 cos x  3 dx   sin x  2cos x  3

3cos x  2 A(sin x  2 cos x  3)  B (cos x  2 sin x)  

=  sin x  2 cos x  3 dx   sin x  2 cos x  3

6 3 8 1
= 5 x  5 log | sin x  2 cos x |  5  sin x  2 cos x  3

1
Now  sin x  2 cos x  3 dx
2 tan x / 2 1  tan 2 x / 2
Put sinx = cos x 
1  tan 2 x / 2 1  tan x / 2
x
and tan t
2
x 1 x
 tan =t  sec 2 dx  dt
2 2 2

 x 
 tan  1 
1 2dt dt tan 1  2
dx  C
 sin x  2 cos x  3  t 2  2t  5  (t 1)2  22 =
 2
 2 
 
  x 
 tan  1 
3cos x  2 6 3 8 1 2
 sin x  2cos x  3 dx  5 x  5 log| sin x  2cos x |  5 tan  2   C
 
 
Example 23:

x 2  3x  1
Evaluate  1 x2
dx

Solution:
d
Let x2 – 3x + 1 = A(1 – x2) + B (1 x2 ) 
dx
Comparing the coefficients like powers of x
A = –1 , B = 3/2,  = 2

3
2  (1  x 2 )  (2x)  2
x  3x  1 2
 1  x 2 dx   1  x2
dx

3x 1
=–  1  x 2 dx   dx  2  dx
2
1 x 1  x2

 x 1  x 2 1 1   1  2x 1
=–   sin x   3    dx  2  dx
 2 2   2  1  x
2
1  x2

x 3
 1  x 2  sin 1 x  3 1  x 2  C
2 2
6x 3
= 1  x 2  sin 1 x  C
2 2

Example 24:
dx
Evaluate  (x  1) x  2

Solution:
dx
Let I  
(x  1) x  2
Substitute: x + 2 = t2  dx = 2t dt

dx 2t dt dt t 1 x  2 1
 x 1  2 log  C  log

 x2  2
(t  1) t 2 t 1 =
2
t 1 x  2 1
+C
Example 25:
dx
Evaluate 
(x  1) x 2  2
2

Solution:
dx
Let I  
(x  1) x 2  2
2

1
dt 
t 2  tdt
1 1  
Substitute x   dx  2 dt  I =  1  1 (1  t ) 1  2t 2
2
t t  1
 2  2  2
t  t
Let 1 + 2 t2 = z2  4t dt = 2z dz

1 zdz dz
 I  2
 2   tan 1 z  C
2  z 1  2 z 1
1   z
 2 

2
 I  tan 1 1  2t 2  C  tan 1 1  C
x2
Example 26:
dx
Evaluate  (x  2) x 2  6x  7
Solution:
dx 1 1
Let I   . Substitute x + 2 =  dx = – 2
(x  2) x 2  6x  7 t t

2
1  1  1  2t  t 2
 x + 6x + 7 =   2   6   2   7 
2
t  t  t2

1
dt 
t 2 dt
 I   
2
1 1  2t  t 1  2t  t 2
t t2

dt  t 1   x 1 
I   sin 1    C  I = sin–1  C
 2
 2 
2  (t  1) (x 2) 2
Example 27:
dx
Evaluate  3
x 1  x 1
Solution:
dx dx
Let I   3  I
x 1  x 1 (x  1)  (x  1)1/ 2
1/ 3

The least common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6. So substitute x +1 = t6  dx = 6t5 dt

6t 5dt t 3dt 2 1
 I  6  1 t  I  6 t  t  1 ) dt
t2  t3 1 t

 t3 t2 
 I  6    t  log (t  1)   C
3 2 
On substituting t = (1 + x)1/6, we get
 (1  x)1/ 2 (1  x)1/ 3 
I 6
3

2

 (1  x)1/ 6  log (x  1)1/ 6  1   C 
 
Example 28:
1/ 2
Evaluate:  x13/ 2 1  x 5/ 2  dx
Solution:
1/ 2
Let I   x13/ 2 1  x 5/ 2  dx

Comparing with integral of type xm(a + bxn)p, we can see that p = 1/2 which is not an integer. So
check the sign of (m + 1)/n

13
1
m 1 2 15
  3  (m + 1)/n is an integer..
n 5 5
2
To solve this integral, substitute 1 + x5/2 = t2 then  5/2 x3/2 dx = 2t dt
2 4
 I  (t 2  1) 2 (t 2 )1/ 2 2t dt  I   t 2 (t 2  1) 2 dt
5 5

4 6 2 4  t 7 t3 t5 
 I  t  t  2t 4 dt  I     2   C On substituting t = (1 + x5/2)1/2,
5 5 7 3 5
5/ 2 7 / 2 5 / 2 3/ 2 5/ 2  / 2
 
we get , I  4  (1  x )  (1  x )  2(1  x ) C .
5 7 3 5 
 SOLVED OBJECTIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1 :
1
I dx is equal to
1  cos 4 x
1
(A) 2 2 (cot x  2 tan 1 2 cot x) (B)  [ 2 cot x  tan 1 ( 2 cot x)]  c
2 2

(C) 2 2{cot x  tan 1 (cos x)} (D) none of these

Solution:
1
I dx
(1  cos x)sin 2 x
2

(1  cot 2 x) cos ec2 xdx

 Let P = cot x  dp = – cosec2xdx
(1  2cot 2 x)

(1  p 2 )dp 1 (2  2p 2 ) dp 1 1 pdp
 2
   2
   dp  
1  2p 2 1  2p 2 2 1  2p 2

1 1 dp 1 2
 p 
2 4 1/ 2  p 2
 p
2 4
tan 1 p 2  
1 1
  cot x 
2 2 2

tan 1 cot x 2  c 
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Example 2 :
dx
 x(x n
 1)
is equal to

1  xn  1  xn  1 
(A) n ln  n c 
(B) n ln  n c
 x 1  x 

 xn 
ln
(C)  n c (D) None of these
 x 1
Solution:

dx dx
Let I   
x(x n  1)   1 
x n 1  1  n 
 x 
  1  n
If  1  n   p , then n 1 dx  dp
 x  x

1 dp 1 1  xn  1 
I   ln p   ln 
n p n

n  xn 
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
Example 3 :
dx
 (1  x ) (x  x 2 )
is equal to

1 x 1 x
(A) c (B) c
(1  x)2 (1  x)2

1 x 2( x  1)
(C) c (D) c
(1  x)2 (1  x )
Solution:

dx
Let I   (1 x ) (x  x2 )
1
If x  sin p , then dx  cos pdp
2 x

2sin p cos pdp dp (1  sin p) dp

I  2 2
(1  sin p)sin p cos p (1  sin p) cos 2 p

2  sec pdp   (tan psec p) dp

2

 x 1  [ x  1]

= 2(tanp – secp) = 2  (1  x)    2  C . Hence (D) is the correct answer..
 (1  x)  1 x
Example 4 :
dx
 cos 6
x  sin 6 x is equal to
(A) loge (tanx – cotx) + c (B) loge (cotx –tanx) + c
(C) tan–1 (tanx – cotx) + c (D) tan–1 (cotx – tanx) + c
Solution:

dx sec6 x
Let I  
cos6 x  sin 6 x
=  1  tan 6 x dx
  1 
p2 1  2 
 p  dp
(1  tan 2 x)2 sec 2 xdx 
 I 2
If tanx = p, then sec xdx = dp  1 
1  tan 6 x p 2  p 2  2  1
 p 
dk  1  1 
= k 2
 tan 1 (k)  c  p   k, 1  2  dp  dk 
1  p  p  
 1
 tan 1  p    c = tan–1 (tanx – cotx) + c = tan–1 (–2 cot2x) + c.
 p
Hence (C) is the correct answer.
Example 5 :
3  2 cos x
 (2  3cos x) 2 dx is equal to
sin x  2 cos x 
(A)  (2  3 cos x)  c (B)  c
 3sin x  2 

 2 cos x   2 sin x 
(C)  c (D)  c
 3cos x  2   3sin x  2 
Solution:
3  2 cos x
Let I   dx
(2  3cos x) 2
(3cos ec 2 x  2 cot x cos ecx)
I dx
Multiplying Nr. & Dr. by cosec2x  (2 cos ecx  3cot x)2

3cos ec 2 x  2 cot x cos ecx 1  sin x 

 dx   c
(2 cos ecx  3cot x) 2
2 cos ecx  3cot x  2  3cos x 

Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 6 :
n5
 1  x2 1 
  x  x   2  dx is equal to
 x 
n6
 1 n 6
x x   x2  1 
(A)   (B)  2  (n  6)  c
c  x 
n6
n 6
 x 
(C)  2  (n  6)  c (D) none of these
 x 1
Solution:
n 5
 1  x2 1 1  1 
Ix    2  dx , put x  x  p then,  1  2  dx  dp
 x  x   x 

n6
 1
n6  x 
 p
n 5
dp = p  c   x + c. Hence (A) is the correct answer..
n6 n 6

Example 7 :

(x 2  1)
 (x dx is equal to
2
 1) x 4  1

 2
1 x  1
 1  2
1 x  1

(A) sec  c (B) sec  c
 2x  2  2x 
2
1 1  x  1 
(C) sec  c (D) none of these
2  2 
Solution:
 1 
x 2 1  2  dx
I  x 
1/ 2
 1  1 
x 2  x   x 2  2 
 x  x 

1  1 
Let x   p  1  2  dx  dp
x  x 

2
1dp 1 p 1 1  x  1 
I  sec  sec  c
p p2  2 2 2 2  2x 
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
Example 8 :
dx
If x 22
(x 7  6)
= A{ln (p)6 + 9p2 – 2p3 – 18p} + c, then

1  x7  6  1  x7  6 
(A) A  , p   7  (B) A  , p   7 
9072  x  54432  x 
1
1  x7  1  x7  6 
(C) A  , p   7  (D) A  , p   7 
54432  x 6 9072  x 
Solution:

dx
I
 6 
x 29  1  7 
 x 

 6  42 7  6 
Let  1  7   p  8 dx  dp and x   
 x  x 1 p 

1 (1  p)3 1 1  p3  3p  3p2 1
I  3
42 (6) p
dp 
(42)(216)  p
dp 
54432
[lnp6 + 9p2 – 2p3 – 18p] + c

Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Example 9 :

(x  x 2/3  x1/6 )
I dx is equal to
x(1  x1/3 )

3 2/3 3 2/ 3
(A)
2
 
x  6 tan 1 x1/ 6  c (B)
2
 
x  6 tan 1 x1/ 6  c

3 2/3
(C)  x  tan  x   c
1 1/ 6
(D) none of these
2
Solution:
Substituting x = p6, dx = 6p5 dp, we have
6p5 (p 6  p 4  p) 6 (p5  p3  1)  6 
I 6 2
dp   2
dp   6p3dp    2  dp
p (1  p ) (p  1)  p 1
6p 4 3 2/3
+ 6tan–1 p  x  6 tan  x   c
1 1/ 6
=
4 2
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 10 :
1
If  f (x) cos xdx  f 2 (x)  c, then f(x) can be
2
(A) x (B) 1
(C) cosx (D) sinx
Solution:
Given equation is satisfied if cosx dx = d (f(x))  f(x) = sinx
Hence (D) is the correct answer.
Example 11 :
2
 ln x  1 
  (ln x)2  1  dx is equal to
x ln x x x  x 
(A) 2
c (B) (ln x)2  1 (C) (ln x) 2  1  c (D) e  2 c
x 1  x 1
Solution:
Put ln x = t
2
 t 1 
t t 1 2t  et x
Ie  2  dt   e  2  2  dt  2
 c c .
 t 1  t  1 (t  1)
2
 t 1 (ln x) 2  1

Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 12 :
x  (cos 1 3x)2
If  dx  A 1  9x 2  B(cos 1 3x)3  c , where c is integration constant, then the
2
1  9x
value of A and B are,
1 1 1 1
(A) A   ; B   (B) A   ; B 
9 9 9 9
1 1
(C) A ; B  (D) none of these
9 9

Solution:
Let 3x = cos   3dx = – sin  d 
cos  2

1 3 1 1 
  sin d     cos   2  d
3 sin  3 3 
1 1 1 1
  sin   3  c   1  9x 2  (cos 1 3x)3  c
9 9 9 9
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 13:
10x 9  10x loge 10
 10x  x10 dx is equal to
(A ) loge |10x + x10| + c (B) loge |10x – x10| + c
x 10
(C) loge |10 – 2x | + c (D) none of these
Solution:
Put 10x + x10 = t  (10x loge10 + 10 x9) dx = dt
 1
 t dt  log (t) = log
e e
|10x + x10| + c
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 14:
dx
 (x  a) (b  x)
is equal to

 xa   x a 
(A) 2sin 1   c (B) 2sin 1   c
 ba   ba 

 x a 
(C) 2cos 1   c (D) none of these
 ba 
Solution:
Put x = a cos 2   bsin 2  . The given integral becomes,

2(b  a) sin  cos d

I
{(a cos   b sin 2   a) (b  a cos 2   b sin 2 )
2

2(b  a) sin  cos d 1  x  a 

=  (b  a) sin  cos 
 2 d = 2  c  2sin  ba  c
 
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Example 15:

x
 dx is equal to
a  x3
3

3/ 2 3/ 2
2 1  x  2 1  x 
(A) sin   c (B) sin   c
3 a 6 a
3/ 2
2 x
(C) cos 1   c (D) none of these
3 a

Solution:
x 3/ 2
Integral of the numerator = . Put x 3/ 2  t
3/ 2
3/ 2
2 dt 2 t 2 x
We get I    sin 1 3/ 2  c  sin1    c . Hence (A) is the correct answer..
3 a3  t2 3 a 3 a