Faculty of Cognitive Science and Human Development

Calculus and Linear Algebra

Tutorial 7

Instructor: Miss Ainur Nisha binti Sukarno

Mohammad Firdaus bin Johari (73569)

1) Solve the following linear system by
a) Graphing
x – 4y = 6
3x -2y = 8
b) Substitution
x + 4y + 4 = 0
2x + 3y + 1 = 0
c) Elimination by addition
2x + 3y = 4
6x – 6y = 5
Answer:
a) x – 4y = 6
6−𝑥
𝑦1 = 4
3x -2y = 8
8−3𝑥
𝑦2 = −2
x 0 2 4 6
𝑦1 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0
𝑦2 -4 -1 2 5

Intersection point

The solution for this equation is (2,-1), which lies on the intersection point
 b) Equation 1; x + 4y + 4 = 0
Equation 2; 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
Equation 3 (from equation 1); x = -4 -4y
Substitute equation 3 into equation 2;
2(-4 -4y) +3y + 1 = 0
-5y -7 = 0
7
y = -5
Substitute y into equation 3;
7
x = -4 -4(-5)
8
=5
c) Multiply equation 1 with 2;
[2x + 3y = 4]x2
4x + 6y = 8 (equation 3)
Add equation 3 to equation 2
4x + 6y = 8
+
6x – 6y = 5
13
x = 10
Substitute x into equation 1
13
2(10) + 3y = 4
7
y=
15
2) By using Gaussian Elimination Method, solve the following system of linear
Equations
x + 2y = 3
x–y=1
Answer:
Step 1: Convert equation to raw echelon form
1 2 | 3
| |
1 −1 | 1
Step 2: Convert the equation to
1 0 | 𝑥
| |
0 1 | 𝑦
𝑅2 + -𝑅1 → 𝑅2
1 2 | 3
| |
0 −3 | −2
1
− 𝑅2 → 𝑅2
3
1 2 | 3
| 2|
0 1 |
3
 −𝑅2 + 𝑅1 → 𝑅1
5
1 0 |
| 3|
2
0 1 |
3

5 2
Therefore, the solution is (3, 3)

3) Solve the following system of linear equations by using Gauss-Jordan Elimination

Method
x + 2y = -1
y–z=4
x + 2y – 2z = 2
Answer:
The method used is similar to previous question
1 2 0 | −1
|0 1 −1 | 4 |
1 2 −2 | 2
−𝑅1 + 𝑅3 → 𝑅3

1 2 0 | −1
|0 1 −1 | 4|
0 0 −2 | 3
−2𝑅2 + 𝑅1 → 𝑅1
1 0 2 | −9
|0 1 −1 | 4|
0 0 −2 | 3
1
− 2 𝑅3 → 𝑅3

1 0 2 | −9
0 1 −1 | 4
| |
3
0 0 1 | −
2
−2𝑅3 + 𝑅1 → 𝑅1
1 0 0 | −6
0 1 −1 | 4
| |
3
0 0 1 | −
2
𝑅3 + 𝑅2 → 𝑅2

1 0 0 | −6
5
|0 1 0 | |
| 2 |
3
0 0 1 | −
2
 5 3
Therefore, x = -6, y = 2 and z = − 2

→ → → → → → → → → → →
4) The diagram shows 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑝 , 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑞 and 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑟 . Express 𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐴𝐶 in 𝑝 , 𝑞 and
→
𝑟
.
Answer:
→ → →
𝐴𝐷
= 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐷
→ →
=𝑝+𝑞
→ → →
𝐵𝐶
= 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐶𝐷
→ →
= 𝐵𝐷 + -𝐶𝐷
→ →
= 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐷𝐶
=→ -→
𝑞 𝑟
→ → → →
𝐴𝐶
= 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐶𝐷
→ → →
= 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐷 + -𝐶𝐷
→ → →
= 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐷𝐶
=→
𝑝
+→ -→
𝑞 𝑟

5) Find the vector represented by the directed line segment with initial point A(-2 , 3)
and terminal point B(4 , 6).
Answer:
 → → →
𝐴𝐵
= 𝐴𝑂 + 𝑂𝐵
→ → →
𝐴𝐵
= -𝑂𝐴 + 𝑂𝐵
= -(-2i + 3j) + 4i + 6j
= 2i – 3j +4i + 6j
= 6i + 3j
6) Find the magnitude of the following vectors. Hence, find the unit vector in the
direction for both vector x and y.
a) x = 2i + j
b) y = 5i - 3j
Answer:
a) Magnitude, |x| = √22 + 12 = √5
𝑥 2i + j
Unit vector, |x| =
√5

b) Magnitude, |y| = √52 + (−3)2 = √34

𝑦 5i − 3j
Unit vector, |y| =
√34

7)a) Given the vector p and q have magnitude √10 and √13, and the angle between them is
142.13°, find p∙q

b) Given x = 2i + 2j + k and y = 4i + k, find x∙y and the angle 𝜃 between x and y

Answer:

a) p∙q = |p|*|q| cos 𝜃

= √10 * √13 cos 142.13°
= -9
b) |x| = √22 + 22 + 12 = √9
|y| = √42 + 02 + 12 = √17
x∙y = (2i + 2j + k )(4i + k)
 = 2(4) + 2(0) + 1(1) Component multiply together
=9
x∙y = |x|*|y| cos 𝜃
9 = √9 * √17 cos 𝜃
9
𝜃= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
√9 ∗ √17
= 43.31°

8)Find a×b using the following vector

a) a = 2i -j – k and b = I + j – k

b) a = 2i -j + 4k and b = -6i +3j – 12k

Answer:

a) 𝐚 × 𝐛
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
= |2 −1 −1|
1 1 −1
= i ([-1*-1] – [1*-1]) -j ([2*-1] – [1*-1]) +k([2*1] – [1*-1])
= 2i + j + 3k
b) 𝐚 × 𝐛
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
= | 2 −1 4 |
−6 3 −12
= i ([-1*-12] – [3*4]) -j ([2*-12] – [-6*4]) +k([2*3] – [-6*-1])
=0