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ﯾﺨﻀﻊ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻄﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ وظﺎﺋﻒ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻮﺳﻂ .ﻟﻐﺮض دراﺳﺔ
ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻮظﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺒﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ و ﻣﺪى ﺗﺤﻜﻤﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻘﺘﺮح ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ﻣﺎﯾﻠﻲ:
اﻟﺠﺰء اﻻول:
ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ
ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ " ا " ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ . 1و ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ " ب " ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ 1ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﺧﺘﺮاق اﻧﻮاع اﻻﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻮﺳﻂ
اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ .
اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ )(1
.1ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ) (1إﻗﺘﺮح ﻓﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ﺑﮭﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ
اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ:
ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺮة ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻖ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ و رﺑﻄﮭﺎ ﺑﺸﺮوط اﻟﻮﺳﻂ .دوﻧﺖ ھﺬه
اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺮﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ 2ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺼﻮرة ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻖ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ .و اﺳﺘﺤﻀﺮت اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ 3اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯿﺎت ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻻﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ طﺮف اﻧﻮاع اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ
اﻟﻌﻤﻖ
120 100 80 60 40 20
) ﻣﺘﺮ(
ﻧﺴﺒﺔ
20 37 49 58 74 86 اﻻﺷﻌﺔ
اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ
ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ
ﻻ
100 300 620 1200 1500 اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻖ
ﺗﻮﺟﺪ
اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ
اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ )(2
اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ )(3
.1اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ) (2و ) (3اﺳﺘﺨﺮج اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻖ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ
.2ﺻﺎدق ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ .
اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ:
اﻧﺠﺰ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺗﺸﺮح ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ) ﻣﺜﺎل اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻧﻮاﻋﮭﺎ و اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻖ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ (.