Purpose

 Resistance levels are determined using a multimeter and color codes.Analyzing the capacitor's
time-varying current.
 Using a resistor to measure the potential difference (V).

 Applying Ohm's law.

Procedure
In the determination of the resistor value outlined in Table 1.1, initiate the process by enumerating
the colors positioned above the target resistor. Subsequently, reference Figure 1.1 to compute the resistor
values and tolerances, documenting the results systematically within Table 1.1 under the designation (Rt).
Following this, meticulously affix the multimeter to the ends of the resistor for measurement, exercising
caution to ensure a secure and complete connection between the resistor terminals and the multimeter. The
issuance of a precautionary warning in this step is imperative to underscore the criticality of establishing
secure and comprehensive electrical connections. Conclusively, employ the multimeter's resistance section
to gauge the experimental value (Re) and meticulously record the acquired result in Table 1.1, thereby
concluding the exhaustive process of ascertaining the resistor's value.

Simultaneously, commence the subsequent phase of the experimentation by configuring the

adjustable power supply to an output of 3 V, employing a voltmeter for precise calibration. Subsequent to
this calibration, implement the assembly of the circuit delineated in Figure 1.4(a), incorporating the 4.7 kΩ
resistor. Employ the multimeter judiciously to measure the current denoted as "I" coursing through the
resistor, and judiciously transcribe this measurement into Table 1.2. This meticulous procedure ensures a
methodical approach to establishing the circuit and acquiring requisite measurements, thereby contributing
to the accurate documentation of current values for subsequent analytical endeavors.

In the ensuing stage, embark upon the creation of the circuit depicted in Figure 1.4(b) to ascertain the
potential difference across the resistor, subsequently logging the results in Table 1.2. Subsequent to this
determination, invoke Equation (1.1) to compute the experimental resistance value (R_experimental).
Systematically replicate the entire experimental protocol, encompassing steps 1 through 3, employing the
power source at voltage increments of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 V. Collate the resultant R_experimental values
corresponding to each voltage level and compute the average (Raverage), meticulously annotating this figure
on the experimental chart. Additionally, leverage the acquired data, specifically the voltage and current
values, to construct a graph wherein potential difference is graphed on the x-axis and current flow on the y-
axis, adopting the (I,V) graph format. Conclusively, ascertain the slope of the resultant line and duly record
this outcome in Table 1.2 as Rgraph. This comprehensive methodology ensures a systematic exploration of
the resistance characteristics under diverse voltage conditions, thereby facilitating a thorough analysis of the
circuit's behavior.
Results
Graphs
Calculations
3 3 6 3
Rexperimental ( 3 V ) = −3
=4 , 69 x 10 Rexperimental ( 6 V )= −3
=4 , 65 x 10
0 , 64 x 10 1 , 29 x 10

4 3 7 3
Rexperimental ( 4 V )= −3
=4 ,6 5 x 10 Rexperimental ( 7 V ) = −3
=4 , 64 x 10
0 , 86 x 10 1 , 51 x 10

5 3 8 3
Rexperimental ( 5 V )= −3
=4 , 6 7 x 10 Rexperimental ( 8 V ) = −3
=4 , 65 x 10
0 1 , 07 x 10 1 , 72 x 10

8−3
Rgraph= =4 , 63
1 ,72−0 , 64

( 4 , 69+4 , 65+4 ,67+ 4 ,65+ 4 , 64+ 4 ,65)

Raverage= =4 , 66 x 103
6

Evaluation
The experimental procedures outlined in the study aimed at comprehensively
understanding and analyzing resistor characteristics through a systematic approach. The
purpose, encompassing the determination of resistance levels using multimeter and color
codes, analyzing capacitor time-varying current, measuring potential difference (V) using a
resistor, and applying Ohm's law, was successfully achieved. The methodical determination
of resistor values, with attention to safety through a precautionary warning, was followed by
precise measurement of current at a set voltage. The subsequent phases involved creating
circuits to measure potential difference, applying mathematical equations for experimental
resistance values, and repeating experiments at various voltage levels to compute average
resistance. Visual representations, such as experimental charts and (I,V) graphs, were
employed to enhance the analysis. The detailed and systematic nature of the procedures,
along with safety considerations and mathematical applications, contributed to a robust
experimental framework, fostering a thorough understanding of resistance behavior in the
given circuit.
Experimental Error
1) Errors committed by measuring apparatuses: The measurements read on the
multimeter may not match exactly because the intended voltage level in the circuit must be
manually adjusted.
2) Systematic Mistakes: The error may cause the values to differ since the multimeter's
reading is not a single, stable value.
3) Individual Errors: The value displayed on the multimeter might not be entirely correct
because we cannot connect fully the resistors to the end of the multimeter cord.
References
HYPERLINK "https://www.desmos.com/calculator?lang=tr"https://www.desmos.com/calculator?lang=tr

[1]. Oguz, O., Oguz, O., Cikit, S., Guleryuz, B., Dogan, M., Cil, B., Kaynar, A.B., & Dursun,

U. Physics Laboratuvary II Experiment Book, Haliç University, 2024.

 6 3
Rexperimental ( 6 V )= −3
=4 , 65 x 10
1 , 29 x 10

7 3
Rexperimental ( 7 V ) = −3
=4 , 64 x 10
1 , 51 x 10

8 3
Rexperimental ( 8 V ) = −3
=4 , 65 x 10
1 , 72 x 10