RRL

1. The literature review explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and academic essay
writing come together, benefiting each other. AI, with its advanced technologies,
improves academic writing by providing interactive learning and personalized
educational experiences. The study, involving 245 undergraduate students,
reveals students' positive views on AI tools, which help with grammar, plagiarism
checks, language translation, and essay outlines. While AI enhances writing skills
and academic integrity, some students express concerns about its impact on
creativity and critical thinking. The research suggests a balanced approach, with
AI supporting human authors and identifies popular AI tools among Indonesian
students, emphasizing AI's role in academic writing while preserving human
creativity.

Additionally, the literature acknowledges AI-driven tools for aiding essay writing,
offering grammar suggestions, and generating content. Past studies show AI's
positive impact on writing proficiency and self-efficacy, but improvements are
needed for diverse subjects. Ethical concerns, especially in plagiarism detection,
stress the importance of clear guidelines and educating students about AI's
limitations. The review highlights challenges like interpreting AI-generated
writing and proposes methods to enhance transparency. Future research should
explore AI's role in fostering creativity in essay writing. In conclusion, the
literature recognizes AI's transformative impact in education, supporting students
and educators. Ongoing challenges in contextual understanding and ethical use
require further research, advocating for a balanced integration of human
guidance and AI automation to enhance learning and academic excellence.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666374023000717?
fbclid=IwAR0afC-
TBiOtQX7VOAz_Gfxo8dOUVzUnDaRBIxBLvNPS_H3d0hbehWb1vsw#:~:text=AI
%2Dpowered%20tools%20offer%20valuable,manuscripts'%20overall%20clarity
%20and%20coherence

2. Learning for the Age of Artificial Intelligence is a richly informed argument for
curricular change to educate people towards achievement and success as
intelligent machine systems proliferate. Describing eight key competences, this
comprehensive volume prepares educational leaders, designers, researchers, and
policymakers to effectively rethink the knowledge, skills, and environments that
students need to thrive and avoid displacement in today's technology-enhanced
culture and workforce. Lesgold, Alan. Learning for the Age of Artificial
 Intelligence. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, New York, 2019.
Ebook.
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=xNmMDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y&f
bclid=IwAR0KpdP1X1qHbexegTxjL2fBTRrIrEqbt1XSSejj4yjJe-
oSLzDaaujhvJw#v=onepage&q&f=false

3. In Robot-Proof, Northeastern University president Joseph Aoun proposes a way

to educate the next generation of college students to invent, to create, and to
discover-to fill needs in society that even the most sophisticated artificial
intelligence agent cannot. A "robot-proof" education, Aoun argues, is not
concerned solely with topping up students' minds with high-octane facts. Rather,
it calibrates them with a creative mindset and the mental elasticity to invent,
discover, or create something valuable to society-a scientific proof, a hip-hop
recording, a web comic, a cure for cancer. Aoun lays out the framework for a
new discipline, humanics, which builds on our innate strengths and prepares
students to compete in a labor market in which smart machines work alongside
human professionals.
A,Joseph. Robot-proof : higher education in the age of artificial intelligence.
Gildan Audio, New York: 2018. eAudiobook,
https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/1031452550?
fbclid=IwAR2WWDm5_DauAsBcQfguGSy6yABHjavnfdC1bwS9aVjUYuNnycEWMXj
QqUg

4. In the 21st century, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become integral to human
existence. This research paper delves into the role of AI in English language
education, assessing its effectiveness and proposing practical approaches for its
efficient implementation. AI has the potential to revolutionize education systems,
enhance institutional competitiveness, and empower educators and students
across all levels. Through intelligent instructional content and assessments, AI
enables a personalized focus on students’ needs. This review explores concerns
surrounding AI in language learning and presents findings from a 2021 survey
conducted among English language learners at Ukrainian universities—Kyiv
National University of Trade and Economics and Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State
University, with 418 student responses. Results indicate a high level (83-100%)
of understanding and awareness of AI in language learning, with concerns
primarily centered around potential cyber-attacks leading to the loss of personal
 information and the fear of losing the authentic interaction with speakers and
genuine emotions. Additionally, the paper highlights a significant lack of
spontaneity and creativity (98%) among learners when using AI in language
learning. The conclusion emphasizes the need for the judicious involvement of
human content designers and educational experts in integrating AI into language
learning processes.
ERIC - EJ1363313 - Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning: What Are We
Afraid Of, Arab World English Journal, 2022-Jul (ed.gov)

5. Educators are seeking safe, effective, and scalable technology-enhanced

approaches to address priorities for improvements to teaching and learning.
They recognize the potential of AI-powered services, such as speech recognition,
to increase support for students with disabilities, multilingual learners, and others
who could benefit from greater adaptivity and personalization in digital tools for
learning. AI tools can also help educators in writing or improving lessons, as well
as in finding, choosing, and adapting material for use in their lessons. Despite
the potential benefits, there are also challenges associated with incorporating AI
into the classroom, such as the need for technical expertise, limited resources,
and ethical concerns. However, the integration of AI into the classroom can help
students develop important 21st-century skills, such as problem-solving, critical
thinking, and collaboration.

Artificial Intelligence - Office of Educational Technology. (2023, July 7). Office of

Educational Technology.
https://tech.ed.gov/ai/

RRS
1. According to Koltovskaia (2020), one of the most significant aims of AI is to create
automated gadgets that can understand the environment and perform tasks in the
same way that people do. New writing programmes that may offer versatile and
time-saving improvements to the writing curriculum are being merged to deliver
the Grammarly features in a single integrated application.
https://ebpj.e-iph.co.uk/index.php/EBProceedings/article/view/4304/2411?
fbclid=IwAR0_vEcJl7do9f4K6pUZUszC2dLdkgIYioa1CidngOu9pGaDYGjaOR6nXko
 2. In the study by K.Tkhayneh, E. Alghazo, and D.Tahat (2023), the focus is on
uncovering the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating artificial intelligence
in education, particularly from the perspective of Al Ain University students.
Employing a descriptive approach aligned with the study's objectives, the
researchers surveyed 184 students from Al Ain University in Al Ain City, selected
through random stratified sampling. Utilizing Google Drive software for
questionnaire distribution, the findings revealed that most students believed
artificial intelligence could enhance personalized learning experiences, handle large
datasets, and improve task management. However, diverse opinions emerged
regarding AI's ability to control student behavior, direct learning, enhance
educational system efficiency, provide notes and reviews, reduce dependence on
teachers, and promote social interaction. Additionally, some students expressed
concerns about potential job displacement in traditional education, the
implementation costs of AI systems, programming errors, and the loss of human
relationships in the classroom.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fabian-Gonzalez-Araya/publication/
366957798_Exploring_the_Benefits_and_Challenges_of_AI-Language_Learning_Tools/
links/63bb0cce097c7832ca9ee063/Exploring-the-Benefits-and-Challenges-of-AI-
Language-Learning-Tools.pdf

3. As per R. Akbarani and F.Pamungkas (2023), the rapid growth of Artificial

Intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted various industries, including academic
writing. Academic writing, vital for knowledge dissemination, requires lecturers to
produce high-quality content. This study investigates lecturers' perceptions of AI's
challenges in academic writing, utilizing a descriptive qualitative method with an
online questionnaire involving 10 lecturers in Indonesia. The findings indicate that
while AI is beneficial for teaching academic writing, there are challenges. Positive
impacts include assistance in teaching, but there are concerns about negative
effects if AI is not used correctly.
https://prosiding.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/aicied/article/view/1051

4. In a separate study by D.Yan (2023), technology-enhanced language learning,

particularly with recent AI advancements, has positively influenced L2 learners.
The introduction of ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot with automatic text
generation, in November 2022 prompted an exploratory investigation into its
impact on a one-week L2 writing practicum. The qualitative approach revealed that
ChatGPT offers benefits in learning activities and writing efficiency. However,
participants expressed concerns about academic honesty and educational equity.
 The study suggests the need for redefining plagiarism, developing regulatory
policies, and providing pedagogical guidance for appropriate tool usage,
emphasizing future research directions for a deeper understanding of ChatGPT's
application in L2 learning.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-023-11742-4

5. According to J.Gayed, M. Carlon, A. Oriola, and J. Cross (2022), the escalating

global use of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has underscored the significance of
tools aiding English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in achieving fluency. The
research highlights that EFL learners often face challenges in producing satisfactory
output in a second language, with cognitive resources being disproportionately
allocated to low-level writing tasks. To address this, the researchers developed an
AI-based web application, "AI KAKU," aimed at reducing cognitive barriers for EFL
learners when generating written English text. Unlike previous studies focusing on
Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) or traditional tools like spell and grammar
checks, this research delves into the potential of AI-based tools as instructional
aids beyond assessments. Conducting a counter-balanced experiment with adult
EFL participants, preliminary results suggest that AI KAKU holds promise as a
valuable tool for English language learners in need of more structured assistance
than conventional word processors.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X22000108

6. The results show that schools and teachers will have new products, benefits and
also face drawbacks with the arrival of AI in education. The findings point out
some suggestions for use of AI and prevention of possible problems. While
participants generally seem to have positive perceptions towards AI, there are also
certain drawbacks, especially highlighted by teachers and academicians, regarding
the future of teaching. Lawyers and jurists tend to focus more on legal grounds for
AI in education and future problems, while engineers see AI as a tool to bring
quality and benefit for all in the education sector.
Gocen, Ahmet, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Education and Schools. 2021.
https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/rem-2020-0003

7. As a result, AI efficacy was significantly increased through the experience of

carrying out the project according to the Design Thinking process. In addition, the
efficacy of solving problems with AI was influenced by the level of use of
 programming languages. The learner's overall perception of the AI project was
positive, and the perceptions of each stage of the AI project (AI problem
understanding and problem exploration, practice, problem definition, problem
solving idea implementation, evaluation and presentation) was also positive. This
positive perception was higher among students with high level of programming
language use. Based on these results, the implications for AI education were
suggested.
S. Lee Analyzing the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) education program
based on design thinking process. The Journal of korean association of computer
education 23 (4), 49-59, 2020,
https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202023852335448.page

8. This paper conducted an exploratory study for assessing the usability of ChatGPT
for formal English language learning using a post-questionnaire-based approach.
There were, in total, 10 participants recruited to perform different language
learning tasks with ChatGPT with diverse demographics attributes such as age,
gender, education, English language level, nationality, and field of education. The
findings from the participant responses indicated the potential of ChatGPT for
automatically generating coherent and correct responses. The conversation
interface of ChatGPT allowed interactive dialogues and writing in a natural way.

Furthermore, the study also identified several limitations of ChatGPT in the

context of language learning and provided specific recommendations. However,
it is important to understand that ChatGPT should not replace the human
instructions in the language learning, rather that it can be used by language
learners with human instructions to fully develop language learning skills. There
can be more future directions of this research study where similar a kind of
activity can be performed with students/participants from different cultural
contexts.
EJIHPE | Free Full-Text | Assessing the Usability of ChatGPT for Formal English
Language Learning (mdpi.com)

9. The participants believe that there will be a decrease in the number of positions for
teachers in schools and an increase in the number of positions for robot assistants.
Picciano (2019) suggests that the majority of people who will lose their jobs will be
in white-collar and professional fields, such as teaching, law, medicine, and the
corporate sector. One of the primary concerns in the community regarding AI is
 the loss of jobs. Picciano (2019) also implies that it will not be AI or machines that
replace human work, but rather people with the ability to use smart machines or
intelligent systems that will outperform those who do not.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
352044231_Artificial_Intelligence_in_Education_and_Schools

10. Artificial Intelligence (AI) mirrors human intelligence, possessing capabilities like
learning, problem-solving, decision-making, and language understanding. In
education, AI offers conveniences through virtual mentors, voice assistants, smart
classrooms, and personalized learning. However, the AI-based chatbot, ChatGPT,
poses challenges by processing information too easily, compromising originality in
creative writing. Despite its proficiency in understanding human language,
ChatGPT's ease of use may hinder students' creative writing skills. This article,
using qualitative methods and library research, explores the impact of the ChatGPT
system on students' creativity in writing, drawing on creative writing theory.
Shidiq, M. (2023).
https://ejournal.unuja.ac.id/index.php/icesh/article/view/5614?
fbclid=IwAR0LQH18VtaV9c-fM0EEMvn5Tfobdk6FYUB0UZJjZ8ZSKxDhxeZZYorsnNU

11. As stated by Chan & Lee (2023), text-to-text AI generators can provide writing
assistance to students, especially non-native English-speaking students, according
to Atlas (2023), by enabling them to brainstorm ideas and get feedback on their
writing through applications such as ChatGPT, while text-to-image AI generators
such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion can serve as valuable tools for teaching
technical and artistic concepts in arts and design (Dehouche & Dehouche, 2023).
https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-
023-00411-8?fbclid=IwAR3YwFTjHG-gs52BP2jJn-
oqZBlJCnqNItrgpD60dbugORtXxTPbknDUnCw

12. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more and more popular among Filipino
students as a means of helping them meet their academic obligations as
technology develops. The possibilities are endless, ranging from using AI-powered
writing tools to assist with essays to using AI-assisted study programs to assist
with exams. But there are advantages and disadvantages to these developments
that Filipino students need to be aware of.

For Filipino students, one of the main benefits of integrating AI into their
coursework is time savings. The capacity to finish assignments quickly and
effectively can be very helpful because many Filipino students may have to juggle
their academic obligations with other commitments like job or family. AI-assisted
study programs can also facilitate students' efficient review and retention of
material, which will help them better prepare for tests.

The potential for improved accuracy is an additional benefit. AI-driven writing tools
can assist Filipino students in recognizing grammatical mistakes and offering
correction suggestions, potentially leading to improved grades. AI-assisted study
programs can also assist students in pinpointing areas in which they might be
having difficulty and offer focused practice exercises to enhance their
comprehension.

AI in Academia: The Pros and Cons for Filipino Students | by Jan Brian Paul Ebora (Brye) |
Medium