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ARBONEISCOMPOUNDS
1 SLLABUS.
s- Koy Concept I
on -
c&amorp/01uSnature of
diamond,
Concerns Learning Outcomes
definition and
explanation.
allotropes of
8raphite, coke, coal, soot.
aration, properties & uses of
carbon. explain the term
allotropy
CHAPTER 9
describe different
m doxidte
allotropes of Carbon,
of-carbon dioxide.
operties tate the properties
of CGraphite and Diamond;
m i c a lp r o p e r t i
of-carbon dioxide
de.
4.n.N
7ature
Reactiorn with lime water. prepare carbon dioxide in a laboratory;
Ises of- arbon monoxide.
hperties
& use
describe the uses of carbon dioxide;
se as reducing agent in extraction of iron
Useas
on
of- with
h e harmful properties
pha strate different reactions of carbon dioxide
phasis
inphasizetthe
aronm o n o I d ew h e n aled asphyxia. lime water and litmus solutions.
ARBON& ITS C
& ITS COMPOUNDS
Introduction & occurrencce
BON& ITS COMPOUND
widely distributed element &Introduction
CA
C a r b
forms innumerahle commounds with oxygen & hyaro8
Organic C h e m i s t r y :
methane-CH& ethane-CoH6
Acids e.g. acetic acid-CH,COOH; Alcohols e.g. methyl alcohol-CH,OH
Acids e.g. acetic
norganic Chemistry:
includes the study of oxides of carbon, carbonates, bicarbonates, metallic carbides etc
Examples: carbon monoxide - C O ; carbon dioxide - C O ; calcium carbonate - CacO
,OcCURRENCE
physical form
having- different physical properties
but the same graded chemical properties
Allotropes exhibit
itferent physical properties but the same chemical properties.
Allotropy is the result of - difference in atomic arrangement in the crystal struchur,
pt the element, hence they differ in physical properties but structure
r e rorms of the same element carbon, and hence have similar chemical properties.
CRYSTALLINE
FORMS
Diamond
Graphite
V
Fullerene
Fullerene - is a hollow cage torm ot carbon
Wood Charcoal
Charcoal- Sugar Charcoal
Lampblack
Bone Charcoal
AMORPHOUS or soot
FORMS Coal
[Micro-Crystalline)
Coke
o02
YSTALLIN
STALLINE ALLOTROF
E ALL CH
Dlamond
comparattive study of the crystalllne allotropes
g r
&g
a p h i t o - S t r u o
ite.
t u r e
Occurs naturally
c c u r s
y thermal
bonto-highte
htemperatures &&pressures. Prepared artificially bcarbide [SiCJ
aecomposition of-
silicon
STRUCTURE OF DIAMOND
S h a p eo fC y s t a l
STRUCTURE OF GRAPHITE
A three dimensional
Shape of Crystal:
A two dimensional1-
ctrahedral eight sided crystal
-
Crystal Lattice
B
Crystal Lattice:
The crystal lattice is built up from a - from aa-
The crystal lattice is built up
three dimensional tetrahedral unit two dimensional hexagonal unit.
In this unit a carbon atom is linked- linked
ked In this unit a carbon atom is
tofour other carbon atoms by to three other carbon atoms by
-
03
CRYSTALLINE ALLOTROPES Diamond &grap roperties
A comparative study of the line allotropes of carbon diamond&
& graphite,
crystalline allotropes o
DIAMOND
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAPHITE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
a] Colour
al Colour
Colourless &transparent.
Blackish grey opaque solid with
Impurities give it a -
04
E
TALLINE
DIAMOND
ALLOT
LLOTROPES Diamond & graphite raphite - Uses
OFOF
-
SESO
A p p l i c e t i o n
Form used
Reason for use
a ardmateria a/
s t r i a la p p l i c a t i c
rilling. diamonds
h o r i n gd
Strength &uniformity of
C-Cbonds in diamond.
o t h e rd i a m o n d s .
U S E SO F - G R A P H I T E
Leadofpencils
on-
s depends weak forces of attraction.
thelead
ot
f h el e a q
as lead.
c o n t e n t .
Layers slide over o n e another used
making it slippery & thereby
leaving-a mark on paper.
AqueouS suspension
L u b r i c a n t
Refractory crucibles
Graphite lined crucibles- Graphite can withstand very Graphite-clay
baked at
fnd application in manufacture high temperatures [high m.p.] mixtures
elevated temp. to
Is a- good conductor ofheat.
etc.
of-high grade steel, alloys, form crucibles.
Electrodes
Graphite used as electrodes in Graphite is agood conductor Hardened
rods
of- electricity &relatively inert. |8raphite
electroplating, dry cells &
Chemically it is almost
-