COMPLEX SALT

Doesn't dissociate
completely into
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS STABILITY
FACTOR AFFECTING STABILITY
EDTA is used in
the ion estimation of
Charge density on the central metal ion.
Coordination hardness of
Counter Central M+ + nLx − 
→[ML n ] y −
Sphere Nature of ligands. water
ion Metal Atom
[ML n ] y −
→ 4K + + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 −
K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]  Stability
K=
HOMOLEPTIC HETEROLEPTIC HOMONUCLEAR HETRONUCLEAR
constant [M+ ][Lx − ] n
COMPLEX COMPLEX COMPLEX COMPLEX LIGAND
metal Carboxyl EDTA is used in
Cl CN
NH3
H 3N NC CN CO METAL CABONYL posses both s estimation of
H 3N NH3
NH3
Fe
OC CO CO and p bond. hardness of
CO CO
NC OC CO CO
O O POLYDENTATE AMBIDENTATE Back bonding water
H 3N NH3
H 3N NH3 CN MONODENTATE
CN CO
NH3 Cl OC
CO CN-, H2O, NH3, Cl-, C-C OOC
-
CH2-COO- M ←
 SCN Thiocyanate π∗
Br- etc π
-O O- NH-(CH2)-NH
M ←
 NCS Isothiocyanate π
OXALATE ION OOC
-
CH2-COO-
π C≡O
m
NOMENCLATURE EDTA is used in
estimation of
π hardness of
water
naming of Formula of Ligand Synergic Bonding
Mononuclear COmplex Mononuclear Complex

Naming of mononucelar
complex Central atom is listed first.
Cation is named first Ligands is alphabetical order. Coordination
Shape Hybridisation Example
Naming of ligands in Formula is enclosed in Number
alphabetical order square bracket. Tetrahedral 4 sp3 [CuCl4]2-
Anionic ligands end in -0, No space between ligand
Square dsp3
neutral and cationic are and metal. Planar 4 [Ni(CN)4]2-

same. Charge is indicated outside

Prefixes mono, di, tri, etc brackets. Trigonal sp3d PF5 COLOUR IN COMPLEX
Bipyramidal 5
are used. Charge on cotton(s)
Followed by roman numeral balanced by charge of Square sp3d2 BrF5 Caused by d-d transition.
5
in parenthesis. anion(s) Pyramidal colour is complementary
Example: Triamminetriaqua Example: sp3d2 SF6 to wavelength absorbed.
SPECTRO CHEMICAL SERIES Octahedral 6 d2sp3 [Co(NH3)6]3+
chromium (III) chloride
-
[Cr(NH3]3(H2O)3]Cl3 I+ < BR- < SCN- < CL- < S2- < F- < C2O42- < H2O < NCS- < EDTA4- < NH3 < EN < CN < CO
VALENCE BOND
THEORY

STRUCTURAL ISOMERS MAGNETIC PROPERTY

STERIO ISOMERS ISOMERISM Limitation
Ionisation isomer Only certain elements Magnetic moment = n(n + 2) BM
WARNERS THEORY
form coordination
OPTICAL ISOMERS Different ions are produced in
complex PARAMAGNETIC DIAMAGNETIC
LINKAGE ISOMR aqueous solution.
2+ Why coordination bonds
en Cl Cl Cl Ex: [CO(NH3)5(SO4)]
Occurs in ambidentate ligands Central metal ion shows primary and have directional property Ex- [CoF6]-3
Pt
Cl
Pt en secondary valances couldn't explain magnetic BONDING One or more than
No unpared electron
Ex: [CO(NH3)5(NO2)] and present
Primary valances are ionisable. and optical properties of THEORY one unpaired e-
present Ex- [Ni(CN)4]2-
en en [CO(NH3)5(ONO)] Solvate isomer Secondary valances are non-ionisable. complex.
Dextro Laevo Ions bonded to metal via secondary Ex- [CoF66]3-
Different in number of water
linkages have different spatial
GEOMETRICAL ISOMERS molecules attached.
arrangement LOW SPIN COMLEX
COORDINATION ISOMER HIGH SPIN COMPLEX
(i) COORDINATION NUMBER 4 Ex: [Cr(H2O)6)]Cl3 and [Cr(H2O)5-
Cordination enttites are ∆0 < Pairing Energy ∆0 < Pairing Energy
Cl]Cl3.H2O
H3N Cl H3N Cl BONDING THEORY Ex: [Cr(Cl)6]3-
different. Ex: [CrCl6]3-
Pt Pt Trigonal
CRYSTAL FIELD THEORY
Ex: [CO(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] and tripyramidal
H3N Cl Cl NH3
[CO(CN)6][Cr(NH3)6] L
(cis-platin) (tran-platin) eg Tetrahedral Complex
Square L Octahedral Complex t2
Planar M 3
L L + ∆0 ∆ 2
L L 5 ∆ 4
(ii) Coordination number 6 0
∆t = ∆
M 5 t 5 0
L Octahedral
L L 2
Cl Cl NH3 NH3 L − ∆
H3N H3N O2N H3N Tetrahedral Average energy of 5 0 3
Cl Cl NH3 NO2 − ∆
L d-orbitals Average energy of 5 t
CO CO CO CO L L t2g
L d-orbitals
H3N NH3 H3N NH3 O2N NH3 O2N NO2 M
Splitting of d-orbitals e
NH3 Cl NO2 NH3 M
L L octahedral crystal field. d-orbitals in free ion
d-orbitals in free ion Splitting of d-orbitals
L L tetrahedral crystal field.
(cis-isomer) (trans-isomer)(fac-isomer) (mer-isomer) L L

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/neetplus