Multivibrator

Oscillators

Wein Bridge Oscillator Hartley Oscillator

Transistor Biasing

Parameter Common Emitter Common Collector Common Base

Current Gain High High Low

Voltage Gain High Low High
Input Impedance Medium High Low
Output
impedance Medium Low High
Power Gain High Medium Low
Phase Shift 180 0
Application Audio Frequency Buffer Radio Frequency
 Inverting: Non-Inverting

Summing Differential
Choppers

Vout=Vin . D

Vout= Vin /(1-D)

Vout=-Vin D/(1-D)

Ripple to ripple current =D (1-D) Vin/f L

Flip Flop:
Universal Gate formations: