Heat Transfer(ME431)

Section 12 –Forced Convection

ENG. ZIAD ASHRAF ABOULSEOUD

College of Engineering & Technology

Mechanical Engineering Department (Mechatronics Program)
 Forced convection

𝐿𝑐 = 𝐿 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒

𝐿𝑐 = 𝐷 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 & 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

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 Forced convection

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠(𝑘, 𝑐𝑝 , 𝜇, 𝜌, 𝑣, 𝑃𝑟 ) 𝑅𝑒𝐷 𝑁𝑢𝐷 ℎ 𝑄ሶ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑠 − 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴 − 19 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦 𝐿𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐿𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟

𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠 − 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴 − 20 Cylinder and sphere 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐿𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟
𝑎𝑖𝑟 − 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴 − 22

No need to check 𝑹𝒆𝑫

with critical value

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 Flow across cylinder
Boundary layer formation and separation on a circular cylinder

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 Flow across circular cylinder
Used only for a single cylinder for an array of cylinders (banks of tubes) we will use other approach

Average Nu
𝑹𝒆𝑫 𝑷𝒓 > 𝟎. 𝟐

Fluid properties evaluated at 𝑻𝒇

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 circular/non-circular cylinders in cross-flow
Hilpert correlation

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 Flow across spheres

𝟑. 𝟓 ≤ 𝑹𝒆𝑫 ≤ 𝟖𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟎. 𝟕 ≤ 𝑷𝒓 ≤ 𝟑𝟖𝟎
Fluid properties evaluated at 𝑻∞
except 𝜇𝒔 evaluated at 𝑻𝒔
fluid is heating or cooling the surface
therefore temperature 𝑻𝒔 changes
with time and therefore we use 𝑻𝒔,𝒂𝒗𝒈
for finding the viscosity
𝑻𝒔,𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 + 𝑻𝒔,𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍
𝑻𝒔,𝒂𝒗𝒈 =
𝟐

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 Sheet4-Question6

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 Sheet4-Question6
Solution 1 3.6 𝑘𝑚/ℎ = 1 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐

interpolation

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 Sheet4-Question6

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 Sheet4-Question6

Solution 2 Hilpert correlation

Using table 19-2

} Same as solution 1
using table A-22

𝟔𝟐, 𝟐𝟖𝟎
from table 19-2

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 Sheet4-Question7

Initial surface temperature

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 Sheet4-Question7

𝑇𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 + 𝑇𝑠,𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 (350 + 250)

𝑇𝑠,𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 300℃
2 2

𝝁∞

𝝁𝒔

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 Sheet4-Question7

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 Sheet4-Question7

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 Sheet4-Question9

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 Sheet4-Question9

𝑇𝑠 + 𝑇∞ (370 + 30)
𝑇𝑓 = = = 200℃
2 2

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 Sheet4-Question9

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