Pola Catholic School, Inc.

Zone 1, Pola, Oriental Mindoro

ORAL
COMMUNICATION 11
2
Name: _________________________ Section: _______________________

Barangay: ______________________ Subject Teacher: Ms. Christine B. Rivera

This is a copy of the learning module for S.Y. 2022-2023

 Please be guided by the following:

 Pray before you start.

 Use your Oral Communication notebook in answering activities.
 Read the directions/instructions carefully before answering the
activities.
 Read and study the lectures in order to answer your activities.
 Answer all the given activities and submit in the scheduled day.
 Assessments will be done in school.
 Pray the “After Study Prayer’.

PRAYER BEFORE STUDY

Lord, true source and giver of light and wisdom,
grant me discernment, understanding,
and wisdom in learning.

Shine also in my mind

the light of the grace of the Holy Spirit.
Give me a keen sense of understanding,
a retentive memory, a capacity to grasp things correctly,
and a skill to express myself with thoroughness and clarity.

Be with me at the start of my work.

Guide its progress and bring it to completion.

Grant this through Christ, our Lord.

Amen.
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Lesson Types of Speech

1

Content Standard: Performance Standard:

The learner will demonstrate The learners should be able to
understanding on the different types present any of the types of
of speeches. speeches.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Distinguishes the types of speeches

Learning Targets:
1. I can identify the concepts related to types of speeches.
2. I can differentiate the types of speeches.
3. I present a memorized speech.
4. I can present an impromptu speech.

Formation Standard:
The students will be able to appreciate the importance of knowing the
different types of speeches in their lives.

INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY

Write your ideas about these terms. Limit your in 1 sentence for
each.

1. Informative Speech
2. Persuasive Speech
3. Entertainment Speech
4. Memorized Speech
5. Impromptu Speech
6. Extemporaneous Speech

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Lecture 1 SPEECH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

A speaker communicates for five reasons which we call the functions of

communication. But a speaker also creates a speech based on the purpose he or
she wants to achieve. These purposes are called the Goals of Speech. The
speaker through the speech can make one think, change one’s mind, or smile or
laugh.
The purposes of speech are studied in order to deepen one’s knowledge and
learn how to apply them in one’s own speech. The three types of speech
according to purpose are Exploratory or Informative, Persuasive, and
Entertainment.

A. Exploratory or Informative Speech

The purpose of an exploratory or informative speech is to provide
information history, theories, practical applications, etc. that can and will help
the listeners understand something that is unknown to them or already
known to them but not yet clearly understood. A speech of this nature is
meant to help the listeners understand a topic in a more in-depth manner by
providing the following in an organized way: new data, data that are not
readily available to everyone, or data already known by the audience but
looked at in a different way.
An expository or informative speech must follow these guidelines:
 It must have a message prepared at the level of knowledge of the
speaker (so one does not sound like a know-it-all);
 It must be tailored to fit the level of knowledge of the audience (so
one does not make it incomprehensible);
 It has to take into account the age, gender, social status, religion,
and cultural affiliation of the listeners (to avoid offending anyone).

Some examples of informative speeches:

o A teacher telling students about the importance of education
o A student talking about his research
o A travelogue about the Tower of London
o A computer programmer speaking about a new software
o A speaker taking about the Ebola virus pandemic, its causes,
symptoms, and treatment

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B. Persuasive Speech
This is a speech whose goal is to change the listener’s opinion,
attitude, or belief regarding a certain topic (usually controversial) by
providing materials that can or will convince the listener. A speech that is
persuasive is meant to convince the listeners why the speaker’s side of
the equation is more beneficial. The speaker’s assertion must be
supported by historical data in the form of statistical results and experts’
testimonies as well as comparisons and contrasts (e.g., before and after)
between the speaker’s side and the listeners’ side of the equation.

Effective persuasive speeches influence you strongly to:

 Change your mind set about life;
 Consider improving your health with better diet;
 Become a volunteer and change the world.

The persuasive speech must follow these guidelines:

 It must have a message at the level of knowledge of the speaker
(given that one does not know everything);
 It must be tailored to fit the level of knowledge of the audience
(they will not like being talked down to);
 It has to take into account the age, gender, social status, religion,
and cultural affiliation of the listener (try not to offend anyone)

Some examples of persuasive speeches:

o A topic like “We should prepare for another Typhoon Yolanda” –
although information is disseminated, the goal is to convince
Filipinos to be prepared. Such speech, if persuasive enough, will
help save lives.
o When you want the audience to agree that “A total log ban will
save our forests.” The listeners have to be convinced first that a
total log ban is doable and, second, that this is the way to save
our forests.

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C. Entertainment Speech
Entertainment speech is not a comedy sketch – the purpose is
not only to tell a series of jokes. Neither is it the purpose of the speaker
to have the audience laughing throughout the speech. To make the
listeners smiles or feel lighthearted after the speech is enough.
An entertainment speech must lead the audience into; looking at
something familiar in a totally different and completely humorous light
by providing comparisons and contrasts, especially with the strange or
unusual; highlighting the quirks of important personages such as
officials, celebrities, actors, and athletes and applying them to regular
people like, say, the listeners; or assigning human characteristics to
inanimate objects. It can also be highly entertaining to engage in word
play like puns, and giving funny meanings to acronyms or anagrams.
The after-dinner speech is a typical example of an entertaining speech.

Entertainment speech must follow these guidelines:

 It must be prepared at the level of knowledge of the speaker
(you are there to entertain not to show off);
 It must be tailored to fit the level of knowledge of the audience
(a simple presentation works every time);
 It has to take into account the age, gender, social status,
religion, and cultural affiliation of the audience (so as not to
offend any of them).

Some examples of entertaining speeches are used:

 As an excuse for any occasion;
 As icebreaker in conversation;
 In stand-up comical situations;
 In sharing information about movies, art, sports, or other
interesting topics.

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Lecture 2 SPEECH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

A. Reading or Speaking from a Manuscript

 Reading or Speaking from a Manuscript is usually used in the Formal
Speech Context.
 The Speech is fully written out, usually typed, and not folded but
placed in a folder for neatness.
 This Manner of Delivery allows for greater control of the wording of
the Speech when precise wording is paramount.
 Use the manuscript as a support, but avoid reading it word-for-word.
Manuscripts that are read verbatim from a printed copy sound
mechanical. If you read directly from a manuscript, your audience will
get bored.
 This is also useful when you have embellished your thoughts and you
want to deliver your sentences exactly as you wrote them.
 The State of the Nation Address by the President of the Republic of
the Philippines is one such Speech. Presentations of Scientific Papers
in conferences are another.

There are however, drawbacks to Reading/Speaking from a Manuscript:

1. The Speaker tends to read without emotion, lacking spontaneity, and may
even sound boring. The reading will contain no highlights, show little or
no variation of intonations, and no obvious emphases.
2. The Speaker, most of the time, never looks up from the manuscript being
read. All anyone sees is the top of the Speaker's head. This position
contributes to the Speaker's voice being muffled and unintelligible, even
with a microphone.
3. The Speaker can lose his/her place in the Speech even while reading it or
turn to the wrong page of the manuscript.
4. The manuscript may be blown by the wind/fan/air conditioning unit or fall
from the lectern and the order of the sheets of paper disarranged while
being put back together.

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5. The formality of the language of the Speech/Manuscript often means the

use of complex words, jargon, or technical language which are more
often than not polysyllabic. Most of the time, the Listeners are lost in
such language, unless they are experts in the same field.

Some important points to consider when writing a manuscript speech:

 Use a font that is easy to read and print it off in large print.
 Use lines // to indicate a break in a sentence. The more lines ////// the
longer the pause.
 Use spaces between points so it is easy to find your place.
 Use an arrow to indicate a rising voice.

B. Memorized Speech

 Memorized speech is also a speech that is fully written out like the
Speech that is Read from the Manuscript. This time, however, the
written speech is fully memorized-every word, every phrase, every
comma, and every period. Oratorical Contests require that
contestants memorize their Speech thoroughly.

There are drawbacks to a Memorized Speech:

1. The most common problem encountered by the Speaker is forgetting lines

when one is already delivering the Speech. This is usually noticeable to the
Audience, and in the case of a contest, to the judges. Very seldom does
one meet a Speaker who can bridge that memory gap without letting the
Audience notice it.
2. The second problem is the lack of eye contact with the Audience. Many
Speakers tend to look upward to the side, or worse, on the floor to help
themselves remember the Speech. They say that not looking at the
Audience seems to lessen their nervousness or at least does not worsen it.
3. Similar to Reading from a Manuscript, there could be a tendency to deliver
the Speech without any inflection, unless, of course, the contestant has had
a good coach and had practiced to sound spontaneous.

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C. Impromptu Speech

 Impromptu Speech is when one is suddenly asked to give the

welcome remarks in a program already ongoing and there is hardly
time to prepare. Many people think that an Impromptu Speech is the
same as an Extemporaneous Speech. In fact, these two types of
speech have sometimes been interchanged. The major difference:
one is hardly given time to prepare one's Impromptu Speech, while
one can prepare an Extemporaneous Speech because one is given
enough time to prepare.
 Impromptu Speech is delivered on short notice with little or no
preparation. That is why It is sometimes called “thinking on your
feet.”
 The Speech is not really made on the spot because one usually
speaks or is asked to speak about something one already knows.
One’s preparation comes from everything one has learned or
experienced as they are all the source of ideas for the Speech.
Therefore, one is prepared although the Speech was not written out
nor rehearsed. Before speaking, one may ask for a few minutes to
collect one's thoughts or be given time to jot down a few notes that
can be used as basis for the Speech. Just remember that no
matter how short the Impromptu Speech is, it has to have a
beginning (introduction), a middle (body of the speech), and
an end (conclusion/summary).

Advantages of Impromptu Speech:

1. The speech is delivered in a spontaneous manner and in a more

conversational tone unlike the manuscript speech.

2. The speaker can adjust the Speech (make it longer or shorter) and
add or skip an idea without any problem, obvious gaps, or long
pauses due to memory loss as in the Memorized Speech.

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 ORAL COMMUNICATION – SECOND QUARTER

There are, however, drawbacks to this type of delivery such as the

following:

1. The Speaker can just go on and on, and sometimes, with no point
to make at all.

2. The Speaker may be so rattled and disorganized that the Speech

ends up with not much sense.

Strategies you can use in delivering and writing an impromptu

speech:

 PREP (Point – Reason – Example – Point) – start off by

clearly stating your point. Share the primary reason (or reasons, if
you have more time). Then, share an example (preferably in story
form) where your main point or reason is supported. Finally,
conclude by summarizing your central point again.

 Use personal stories – storytelling is an essential skill for

prepared speaking, but it is equally useful for impromptu speaking
as well. Stories are emotional, real, and interesting. If you stick to
personal stories, you will find that it is much easier to speak even
without preparation because the events happened to you.

 Know when to stop – we have the tendency to go on and on

when called upon, but also consider the attention span and level of
interest of your audience. It is always better to deliver short, but
objective speeches than to deliver something long that will bore
your audience.

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D. Extemporaneous Speech
 Extemporaneous Speech may sound like it is delivered off-the-cuff
as it were with hardly any preparation because it sounds so
spontaneous or it may also sound like a Speech that was fully
written out and then memorized, but both are not the case.
 What the Speaker prepares, however, is a good outline which
organizes the Speaker's thoughts and ideas (including data,
testimonies, etc.). It is only this fully developed outline that is
memorized. This outline preparation is what differentiates
Extemporaneous Speech from Impromptu Speech or any other
types of speech according to manner of delivery.

Advantages of Extemporaneous Speech

1. The outline helps the Speaker remember the particular order of

points he/she wants to make. There is no need to memorize
paragraph upon paragraph that make up the Speech.
2. At the same time, the outline allows the Speaker to jump from one
point to another or even rearrange the order of the Speech's
points should circumstances demand it without the Audience
knowing or noticing the change.

The delivery of the Speech is less formal than a Manuscript

Speech, more conversational than a Memorized Speech, and prevents the
Speaker from losing eye contact with the audience. Sometimes, Speakers
using Extemporaneous delivery may bring one or two note cards so they
do not forget some data such as specific concepts, complicated statistics,
or an important quotation. But definitely, these outlines are not
manuscripts in which the Speech is fully written out.

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 ORAL COMMUNICATION – SECOND QUARTER

ACTIVITY 1
Based on what you have understood, give a word or phrase that best
describes each of the types of speech.

ACTIVITY 2 (MEMORIZED SPEECH)

Search for an oratorical piece or declamation piece and have a video
presentation of it, to be sent in my messenger (Christine Rivera).

VALUING

Why it is important to learn the different types of speeches? How do you

think this learning can help you?

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Lesson Principles of Speech Writing

2

Content Standard: Performance Standard:

The learner will demonstrate The learners should be able to
understanding on the principles of write a speech following the
speech writing. principles of speech writing.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

Uses principles of effective speech writing

Learning Targets:
1. I can understand the principles of speech writing.
2. I can identify the concepts related to speech writing.
3. I can write my own speech following the principles of speech writing.
Formation Standard:
The students will be able to appreciate the importance of following
certain principles for better results.

ACTIVATING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

TRUE/FALSE. Write TRUE if you think the statement is correct, otherwise,

write FALSE.

1. In writing a speech, the topic must be interesting to you as a speaker and

to your audience.
2. All speeches are appropriate to the audience.
3. An updated or controversial topic can get the attention of your audience.
4. In writing a speech, considering the audience is the number one
principle.
5. Getting the demographic profile of your audience can help you identify
what speech is appropriate to your audience.

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 ORAL COMMUNICATION – SECOND QUARTER

UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH

Lecture 1 WRITING

FIRST PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH WRITING: Choosing the Topic

A speech is meant to impart a message to listeners. The choice of topic may

be up to the speaker but, more often than not, the speaker is given the topic
because it is the central theme of a program, conference, or presentation.

In any case, the topic should be:

 Timely – meaning in existence at the present time (unless a historical
event is the reason for the gathering)
 Interesting to you (speaker) – so that you will be enthusiastic in
preparing and delivering the speech.
 Interesting to your audience – so that they will focus on your
speech and nothing else.
 New – a topic that is new, that has not been heard of before by your
listeners, is a n attention grabber.
 Controversial – it encourages the audience to listen carefully so they
can choose a side.
 At the level of knowledge of both the speaker and the audience
 The speaker must ever be mindful of the culture be mindful of
the culture of the speaker and listener, their ages, their gender
as well as their social status and religious affiliation.

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SECOND PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH WRITING: Analyzing the Audience

Before writing down anything about the speech, one must engage in
analyzing the audience. A speech for one occasion cannot simply be used for
another. There is no speech that fits any and all occasions. Each speech has a
different purpose and a different manner of delivery. So, given the hundreds of
thousands of speech topics multiplied by the types of purpose and types of
delivery, each speech, even if delivered by the same person, is unique. Every
speech is specific to the speaker and may be characterized by the topic chosen,
the time and place of delivery, and the configuration of the audience listening to
this particular speech.

The audience is one of the major factors that determine the uniqueness of
the speech. Just as there is no speech that fits all public communication situation,
there is no single audience for a speech.

 Get or guess the demographic data of the audience: age, gender, ethnic
background, occupation, economic and social status, etc., especially if one
is addressing a business group, a student club, or a community
organization.
 Know the groups to which your audience belongs as these groups hold
certain beliefs and values.
 Find out how your audience feels about the topic of your speech and what
they already know about it (so that you do not repeat it and bore the
audience)
 Try to know how they feel about you as the speaker and what they already
know about you.

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THIRD PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH WRITING: Sourcing the

Information

This involves seeking out all the available means for finding materials to
support the speech. Good sources are newspapers, magazines, books, journals,
or any reading material full of useful information. Search engines on the
internet such as Google or Yahoo may also be used. However, the best
resource are people, especially the experts or those who are involved in the
field to which the topic belongs. A speech on “How to Take Care of Your Heart”
may be built on reading materials, but a cardiologist (heart doctor) may give
more accurate data while someone who has suffered a heart attack can provide
real life experiences that a speaker may use to reach out and affect them
emotionally.
Information for any speech topic must be relevant, that is, it discusses
the topic directly; must be timely, meaning it focuses on the present or recent
past; and must cover most, if not all, of the topic (unless the topic focuses
only on a part of a general subject or issue). Information gathered must be at
the level of knowledge of both the speaker and the audience, without offending
any listener.

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FOURTH PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH WRITING: Outlining and Organizing the

Speech Content

This makes sense of all the research conducted. With all the information
gathered for the speech topic, it is quite easy to be overwhelmed. Although one
may want to use all the information gathered, that is not possible, particularly
since there is a time limit.
The first step is to sort the information into categories: statistics,
testimonies, and opinions, historical facts, etc. Or they may be classified according
to the point they are making, specifically, the part of the topic to be discussed.
The next step is to organize the speech itself. For this, the best method is
an outline. Even a manuscript speech and a memorized speech begin with an
outline, which is then filled out with supporting materials. There are different types
of outlines that one can use depending on how the speech is to be organized:

1. Chronological Outline – a historical/time approach like from the past

to the present.
Example: Development of Ilocos Region from Martial Law to the
Present
2. Spatial/Geographical Outline – going from one place to another,
from one direction to another.
Example: The Heritage Churches of Pampanga
3. Cause and Effect Outline – involves a discussion of both cause and
effect of an issue.
Example: The Fish Kill in Laguna de Bay
4. Problem-Solution Outline – explains a problem and suggests a
possible solution.
Example: Cleaning Up Manila Bay
5. Topical Outline – divides the topic into subtopics based on
importance of interest value or simply because the topic requires it; for
topics that do not fall under any of the previously mentioned outlines.
Example: Social Media Have Made Us Anti-Social
Once there is an outline, it will be easier to know which supporting material
to use where. The outline also helps in pointing out whether a material may be
useful or not.
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Techniques for Writing the Speech

There are three techniques to actually writing the speech, whether in full form
for manuscript or memorized speeches, or in outline form for impromptu and
extemporaneous speeches.
 The first technique is to write the body of the speech first, filling in the
content of the speech later with supporting materials. Then write the
introduction and conclusion after.
 The other technique is to write the conclusion first, which many find very
helpful because it shows what the speech ends with.
 Some use the technique of writing the introduction first to guide the speech
in the direction one wants it to go, then filling in the body and writing the
conclusion.
Remember that for extemporaneous (and even impromptu) speech, only the
introduction and the conclusion can be written out in full. The body of the speech
should remain in outline form.

ACTIVITY 1

Write your own speech that follows the mentioned principles of speech
writing. Then, write the demographic data of your audience and justify the topic
that you have chosen.

VALUING
“The principles always work if you work the principles.”
-Jack Canfield-

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Lesson Principles of Speech Delivery

3

Content Standard: Performance Standard:

The learner will demonstrate The learners should be able to
understanding on the principles of deliver a speech following the
speech delivery. principles.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

Uses principles of effective speech delivery

Learning Targets:
1. I can understand the principles of speech delivery.
2. I can appreciate the importance of knowing the principles of speech
delivery.
3. I can deliver my own speech following the principles of speech
delivery.

Formation Standard:
The students will be convinced on the importance of following certain
principles for better results.

INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY

Which do you think is the most helpful to a speaker in delivering a

speech? Choose only one and explain your answer briefly.

A. Modulated voice
B. Articulation (proper way of pronouncing a word)
C. Non-verbal communication (facial expressions, gestures, movement)
D. Stage presence
E. Connection with the audience
F. Getting the demographic profile of your audience can help you identify
what speech is appropriate to your audience.

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UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH

Lecture 1 WRITING

FIRST PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH DELIVERY: Articulation

When the speaker’s words cannot be understood because of poor
articulation, the speech might as well not have been delivered at all. Word
choice and grammatical correctness are necessary in writing the speech, but
it is articulateness in pronouncing the words and speaking with clear diction
that effectively transmits the message of the speaker. It is highly important
to know the correct way of saying a word, whether they are familiar or
unfamiliar. Proper breathing techniques together with the correct molding of
sounds that make up words contribute to efficient articulation.
 Was the speaker understandable?

SECOND PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH DELIVERY: Modulation

There are pleasant sounding voices, quite soothing to the ears, just as
there are unpleasant voices that sound flat, are high pitched, or screeching.
People like to listen to voices that are well modulated, meaning the capability
to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of vocal tone. A
microphone requires even more modulation as the amplifiers will resonate
voices further. But with or without a microphone, voices should not bombard
our eardrums. If the speaker’s voice is modulated, listeners will pay attention.
The speaker’s words will be heard clearly and the message of the speech will
be sent and received.
 Was it easy to listen to them?

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THIRD PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH DELIVERY: Stage Presence

The ability to “own” the stage of the speaker, being able to fill the space
and project his/her personality to the audience – that is stage presence. The
opposite of stage presence is stage fright, which is considered by many as the
topmost fear in the world of public speaking. But instead of trying to get rid of
stage fright (which cannot be done anyway), all that energy that is making
one feel shaky and nervous should be used to make the speaker become an
interesting, enthusiastic speaker capable of being heard and able to move
about on stage. No one is immune from stage fright. Other people just
manage it better and create what we see as stage presence.
 Does the speaker show stage presence?

FOURTH PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH DELIVERY: Facial Expression,

Gestures, and Movement
It is not just the choice of words and their proper pronunciation that
make for an effective speech delivery. The message of any speech is
reinforced, clarified, and complemented by nonverbal communication such as
facial expressions, gestures, and movement. Without these nonverbal
elements, the speaker may be judged as boring, with flat delivery and an
unemotional voice. Facial expressions should change with the content of the
speech. Gestures should emphasize only certain points. Movement should
allow the speaker to carry the speech around, forward, and to the audience,
metaphorically speaking. It should also direct the audience to follow the
speaker and keep them hanging on to his/her every word.
 Does the speaker use nonverbal communication? Was it too much
or too little?

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FIFTH PRINCIPLE OF SPEECH DELIVERY: Audience Rapport

It was pointed out previously that the most important tool for
establishing a connection with the listeners is an audience analysis. Using
these data, one is able to write a speech that would appeal to the audience.
Also because of the same data, one will know how to deliver the message to
the audience and connect with them at a deeper level.
 Does the speaker establish rapport with his/her audience?

ACTIVITY 1

Have a video of yourself delivering the speech that you have written in your
lesson 2 and apply the principles discussed in this module.

VALUING

Let the message of your heart be heard. Deliver your speech!

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Reference:

Flores, R.S. (2016). Oral Communication in Context. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book
Store, Inc.

PRAYER AFTER STUDY

I thank You, Lord our God,
You have opened my eyes to the light of Your wisdom.
You have gladdened my heart with the knowledge of truth.

I entreat You, Lord,

help me always to do Your will.
Bless my soul and body, my words and deeds.
Enable me to grow in grace, virtue and good habits,
that Your name may be glorified,
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, now and forever.
Amen.

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