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MATHEMATICS
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Solving Problems Involving Linear
Inequalities in Two Variables
Quarter 2 - Week 2
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Mathematics – Grade 8
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Solving Problems Involving Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
Quarter 2- Week 2
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Introduction
There are times when life gets complicated. Sometimes you heard your
parents complain about everything and sometimes you heard them praise anything.
There are many situations in life where there is imbalance or inequality. Life is unfair
as they say.
A system of linear inequalities is often used to determine the best solution to
a problem. It is used to determine the greatest or least values of a situation with
many limitations. Minimizing the production cost but maximizing the profit,
determining the correct combination of drugs to be given to a patient, doing your
best without hurting anybody are just some of the applications of inequalities in life.
Right now as we face the pandemic, are you going to go out more so you can enjoy
outside because you are already bored in the four corners of your house or are you
going to stay in your house to avoid catching the virus? You decide…
Learning Competency
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Objectives
At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:
1. define system of linear inequalities in two variables
2. graph system of linear inequalities in two variables; and
3. solve problems involving system of linear inequalities in two variables.
Review
Last time we have discussed how to graph linear inequalities in two variables.
Let us see if you can identify the inequalities that each graph describes.
Y
1. 2. Y
(0, 4)
(6, 0)
X
(2, 0)
X
(0, -2)
Y
Y
3. (3, 0) 4.
X
(0, 1)
X
(0, -4) (-3, 0)
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Discussion
Now we are going to graph system of linear inequalities. Do you still remember
how we graph the system of linear equations in two variables? We will do the same
for the system of linear inequalities. Let us first define system of linear inequalities
in two variables.
Definition:
A system of linear inequalities in two variables consists of a set of two or
more linear inequalities with the same variables. The inequalities define the
conditions that are to be considered simultaneously.
Examples:
x–y<2 x – 3y ≤ 5 6x + y ≤ -3
2x + 5y > 10 5x + y ≥ 2 x – 4y < 4
We know that each inequality in the system contains infinitely many solutions
(ordered pair) defined by a region in a rectangular coordinate plane. When finding
the solution set of a system of linear inequalities, the intersection of inequalities
defines the set of simultaneous ordered pair solutions.
The solution of a system of linear inequalities in two variables is an ordered
pair (x, y) that produces a true statement when the values of x and y are substituted
to both inequalities.
Look at the following examples. Verify if each ordered pair is a solution of the
system of linear inequalities.
1. x + y < 5 a. (3, 2)
x + 2y < -3 b. (-2, -3)
Solution:
Substitute the ordered pairs in both inequalities.
a. (3, 2) x+y<5 x + 2y < -3
3+2<5 3 + 2 (2) < -3
5 < 5 False 3 +4 < -3
7 < -3 False
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b. (-2, -3)
x+y<5 x + 2y < -3
-2 + (-3) < 5 -2 + 2 (-3) < -3
-5 < 5 True -2 + (-6) < -3
-8 < -3 True
2. x - 5y ≥ 0 a. (0, -1)
2x - y ≤ 0 b. (-2, 1)
Solution:
Substitute the ordered pairs in both inequalities.
a. (0, -1)
x - 5y ≥ 0 2x - y ≤ 0
0 – 5(-1) ≥ 0 2(0) – (-1) ≤ 0
5 ≥ 0 True 0+1≤0
1≤0 False
b. (-2, 1)
x - 5y ≥ 0 2x - y ≤ 0
-2 – 5(1) ≥ 0 2(-2) – (1) ≤ 0
-2 - 7 ≥ 0 -4 - 1 ≤ 0
-9 ≥ 0 False -5 ≤ 0 True
Both ordered pairs are not solution to the system because they did not
produce a true statement to both inequalities.
Illustrative examples:
𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≤ 6
1. Solve the system {𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4 graphically.
Solution: Graph both equations by using the intercept method.
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a. For x – 3y = 6
b. For x + 2y = 4
Set y = 0 Set x = 0
Set y = 0 Set x = 0
x–0=6 0 – 3y = 6
x+0=4 0 + 2y = 4
x=6 – 3y = 6
x=4 y=2
y=-2
x – intercept: 4 y – intercept: 2
x – intercept: 6 y – intercept: -2
(4, 0) (0, 2)
(6, 0) (0,-2)
Y
Y
𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≤ 6 𝑥 + 2𝑦
≥ set
Solution 4
Solution set
(6,
X (0, 2)
0)
(0, -2) (4, 0)
X
Solution set
A (2, 4)
(0, 2)
(4, 0) (6, 0)
X
𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≤ 6 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4
(0, -2)
B (2, -4)
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To check if the intersection of the two regions is the solution to the given
system, substitute the coordinates of A and B to both inequalities.
1. A(2, 4)
a. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≤ 6 b. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4
2 – 3(4) ≤ 6 2 + 2(4) ≥ 4
2 – 12 ≤ 6 2+8≥4
-10 ≤ 6 True 10 ≥ 4 True
2. B(2, -4)
a. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≤ 6 b. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4
2 – 3(-4) ≤ 6 2 + 2(-4) ≥ 4
2 + 12 ≤ 6 2-8≥ 4
14 ≤ 6 False -6 ≥ 4 False
A(2, 4) satisfied both inequalities while B(2, -4) did not.
Since A satisfied both inequalities and it lies within the boundaries of the
intersection of the regions, then we have the correct solution set.
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 12
2. Solve the system { graphically.
𝑥 − 2𝑦 > 8
Y Y
(0, 4)
(8, 0)
X
Solution set
(6, 0)
X (0, -4) Solution set
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 12
𝑥 − 2𝑦 > 8
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Plot the two inequalities in one cartesian plane.
Y
(0, 4)
A (5, 3)
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 12
𝑥 − 2𝑦 > 8
(6, 0) (8, 0)
X
(0, -4)
Solution set
B(10, -5)
b. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 12 b. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 > 8
2(10) + 3(-5) ≤ 12 10 - 2(-5) > 8
20 - 15 ≤ 12 10 + 10 > 8
5 ≤ 12 True 20 > 8 True
A(5, 3) did not satisfy both inequalities while B(10, -5) does.
Since B satisfied both inequalities and it lies within the boundaries of the
.
intersection of the regions, then we have the correct solution set.
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−3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ −6
3. Solve the system { graphically.
8𝑥 − 4𝑦 < 8
Y Y
8𝑥 − 4𝑦 < 8
(1, 0) (2, 0)
X
(0, -2)
(0, -3) A (6, -4)
8𝑥 − 4𝑦 < 8
8𝑥 − 4𝑦 < 8
B (-6, -12)
−3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ −6
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To check if we have the right solution set, substitute the coordinates of A and B
to both inequalities.
A (6, -4)
a. −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ -6 b. 8𝑥 − 4𝑦 < 8
-3(6) + 2(-4) ≤ -6 8(6) - 4(-4) < 8
-18 - 8 ≤ -6 48 + 16 < 8
-26 ≤ -6 True 64 < 8 False
B (-6, -12)
a. −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ -6 b. 8𝑥 − 4𝑦 < 8
-3(-6) + 2(-12) ≤ -6 8(-6) - 4(-12) < 8
18 - 24 ≤ -6 -48 + 48 < 8
−6 ≤ -6 True 0 < 8 True
A (6, -4) did not satisfy both inequalities while B(-6, -12) does.
Since (-6, -12) satisfied both inequalities and it lies within the boundaries of
the intersection of the regions, then we have the correct solution set.
.
Problems Involving System of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
To solve problems involving system of linear inequalities in two variables we
also follow the steps in solving problems involving system of linear equations in
two variables.
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Illustrative examples:
1. During summer vacation, Maya sells bracelets and earrings to tourists to
make money. A bracelet costs Php 30.00 and a pair of earrings costs Php
35.00. In her daily sales, she sells more than 20 bracelets. She needs to make
at least Php 1,500.00. How many of each kind does she need to sell to achieve
her goal?
Given: Let x = the number of bracelets sold
y = the number of earrings sold
Php 30.00 = cost of a bracelet
Php 35.00 = cost of a pair of earrings
Asked: the possible number of bracelet and earrings to be sold
Solution:
Write an inequality to represent:
a. the income from the jewelry sold
30x + 35y > 1500
at least
(24, 40)
Solution set
(40, 20)
x > 20
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Choose any ordered pair from the solution set. Check if the ordered pair
satisfies the inequalities.
1. using (40, 20)
a. 30x + 35y ≥ 1500 b. x > 20
30(40) + 35(20) ≥ 1500 40 > 20 True
1200 + 700 ≥ 1500
1900 ≥ 1500 True
2. using (24, 40)
a. 30x + 35y ≥ 1500 b. x > 20
30(24) + 35(40) ≥ 1500 24 > 20 True
720 + 1400 ≥ 1500
2120 ≥ 1500 True
Answer: Maya could sell 40 bracelets and 20 pairs of earrings to achieve her
goal of earning at least Php 1500.00 during the summer vacation. or
Maya could sell 24 bracelets and 40 pairs of earrings to achieve her goal
of earning at least Php 1500.00 during the summer vacation.
Remember:
There is an infinite solution to inequalities. So, there are many
possible ordered pairs that can satisfy the inequalities. Answers may vary.
2. Auntie Belen is planning to celebrate her 85th birthday. She plans to serve
pork and chicken. She expects to serve at least 35 kilos of meat. The pork
costs Php 280 per kilo and the chicken meat costs Php 165 per kilo. She has
a budget of at most Php 10000. Find 2 possible number of kilos of each meat
that she can buy considering her budget.
Given: Let x – be the number of kilos of pork
y - be the number of kilos of chicken
Asked: 2 possible number of kilos of each meat that she can buy
Solution:
Write an inequality to represent:
a. the number of kilos of each meat
x + y ≥ 35
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b. the price for the meat she will buy
280x + 165y ≤ 10000
at most
(12, 40)
(24, 16)
x + y ≥ 35
Choose any ordered pair from the solution set. Check if the ordered pair
satisfies the inequalities.
1. using (12, 40)
a. x + y ≥ 35 b. 280x + 165y ≤ 10000
12 +40 ≥ 35 280(12) + 165(40) ≤ 10000
52 ≥ 35 True 3360 + 6600 ≤ 10000
9960 ≤ 10000 True
2. using (24, 16)
a. x + y ≥ 35 b. 280x + 165y ≤ 1000
24 + 16 ≥ 35 280(24) + 165(16) ≤ 10000
40 ≥ 35 True 6720 + 2640 ≤ 10000
9360 ≤ 10000 True
Answer: Auntie Belen could buy 12 kilos of pork and 40 kilos of chicken
amounting to Php 9960 or Auntie Belen could buy 24 kilos of pork and
16 kilos of chicken amounting to Php 9360.
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3. Dale Mari needs to buy at least 10 reams of coupon bond with different sizes
– short and A4. A ream of short bond paper costs Php 189 and a ream of A4
bond paper costs Php 212. Write and graph the system of inequalities that
shows the possible number of reams of coupon bond she can buy if she has a
budget of Php 5000.
Given: Let x – be the short coupon bond
y - be the A4 coupon bond
Asked: possible number of reams of coupon bond Teacher May can buy
Solution:
Write an inequality to represent:
a. number of coupon bond she needs
x + y ≥ 10
b. possible number of reams of coupon bond she can buy if she has a
budget of Php 5000
(11, 13)
(15, 10)
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Choose any ordered pair from the solution set. Check if the ordered pair
satisfies the inequalities.
1. using (11, 13)
a. x + y ≥ 10 b. 189x + 212y ≤ 5000
11 + 13 ≥ 10 189(11) + 212(13) ≤ 5000
24 ≥ 10 True 2079 + 2756 ≤ 5000
4835 ≤ 5000 True
2. using (15, 10)
a. x + y ≥ 10 b. 189x + 212y ≤ 5000
15 + 10 ≥ 10 189(15) + 212(10) ≤ 5000
25 ≥ 10 True 2835 + 2120 ≤ 5000
4955 ≤ 5000 True
Answer: Dale Mari could buy 11 reams of short coupon bond and 13 reams of
A4 coupon bond amounting to Php 4835 or Dale Mari could buy 15 reams
of short coupon bond and 10 reams of A4 coupon bond amounting to Php
4955.
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Activities
Guided Practice 1
Directions: Determine the given in each problem. Identify all your variables. Write
your answers in your answer sheet.
1. Rya wants to buy at most 10 breads for her friends. She has Php 500 pocket
money, and she is looking to buy apple pies (a) for PHP 35 each and burger
(b) for Php 55 each. How many of each kind can she buy?
Given: ________________________________
________________________________
2. Iwi and Ici runs a small store at a Barangay Plaza. They sell sago’t gulaman
(s) and banana cue (b). A glass of sago’t gulaman costs Php10 and a stick of
banana cue costs Php 15. At the end of the day, they made a total of at least
Php 800 and sold a total of not more than 70 of sago’t gulaman and banana
cue combined. How many of each kind did they sell?
Given: ________________________________
________________________________
3. Euri works at a Fiesta Carnival selling tickets. The carnival can accommodate
at most 150 persons. The entrance fee for adults (a) is
Php 180 and Php 130 for children (c). The carnival expects at least Php 15000.
What are the possible number of adults and children in the carnival?
Given: ________________________________
________________________________
4. Junsan has a total of at most 95 red (r) and orange (o) marbles in his bag.
Twice the number of red marbles plus the number of orange marbles is less
than 10. How many of each kind of marble does Junsan have?
Given: ________________________________
________________________________
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Guided Practice 2
Directions: Write the system of linear inequalities in each problem in Guided
Practice 1. Write your answers in your answer sheet.
1. ________________________________
________________________________
2. ________________________________
________________________________
3. ________________________________
________________________________
4. ________________________________
________________________________
Independent Practice
Directions: Graph the system of linear inequalities in Guided Practice 2 and answer
what is asked in each problem. Write your answers in your answer
sheet.
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Assessment
A. Multiple Choices.
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
A. y ≤ -2
4x – y ≤ 2
B. y < -2
4x – y ≤ 2
C. y > -2
4x – y ≤ 2
D. y ≥ -2
4x – y ≤ 2
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5. Erika is trying to save at least Php 5000 for her cellphone for the last six months.
She decided to save Php 100-peso bills (h) and Php 50-peso bills (f) on her piggy
bank. When she opened it yesterday there at most 50 bills. Which of the following
represents her savings?
A. h + f ≤ 50 C. h + f ≤ 50
100h + 50f ≤ 5000 100h + 50f ≥ 5000
B. h + f ≥ 50 D. h + f ≥ 50
100h + 50f ≥ 5000 100h + 50f ≥ 5000
B. Directions: Find the solution set. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 > −4 2. 3x + 5y ≤ -15
𝑦 ≤ 2−𝑥 2x - 3y > -6
Reflection
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References
Alferez, Merle S., et al. MSA Intermediate Algebra. QC: MSA Publishing House 2007
Dilao, Soledad S. et al. Intermediate Algebra II Revised Edition. Quezon City: SD
Publications, Inc. 2009
Oronce, Orlando A., et al. Exploring Math 8 First Edition. Manila: RBSI 2018
Torreliza, Elizabeth A., et al. Moving Ahead with Mathematics II. Quezon City: FNB
Educational, Inc. 1999
Geogebra App
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5c657bb6c5c665001bfaf758/inequ
alities-word-problems-systems-of-inequalities
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3. Guided Practice 1
1. a – be the apple pie
b – be the burger
Php 35 – cost of an apple pie
Php 55 – cost of a burger
2. s – be sago’t gulaman
b - be banana cue
Php 10 - price per glass of sago’t
gulaman
Php 15 - price per stick of banana cue
3. a – be the adults
c - be the children
.
Php 180 – ticket price for adult
Php 130 – ticket price for children
4. r – be the red marbles
o - be the orange marbles
r + o ≤ 95
2r + o < 10
Guided Practice 2
1. a + b ≤ 10
35a + 55b ≤ 500
2. s + b ≤ 70
4. 10s + 15b ≥ 800
3. a + c ≤150
Assessment 180a + 130c ≥ 15000
A.
1. A Independent Practice
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. C
B.
1
1.
2.
2.
Key to Corrections
Acknowledgment
The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt gratitude
to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the successful
preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution of the
Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade
levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-appropriate,
contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential learning
competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of guided learning
and explicit instruction:
First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the writers
and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their best efforts
to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the implementation of learning
delivery modalities.
Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the learners
the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the tasks and for
gradually helping them become independent learners.