Instituto de Inglés YES

Directora Miranda Cyntia Roxana

Workshop Grammar

“To live a creative life, we must lose our fear of being

wrong”
 I’m / am from
Verb TO BE ser
the UK
estar

tener
(edad)
She’s / is
I AM Japanese.
AM NOT
He
She IS
It ISN’T
Am I your best friend? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

We Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.

Is he Mexican?
They ARE
You Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
AREN’T Are we late?
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Are they angry?
 Main words Present Continuous To talk about an action which is
in progress at the time of
Now, At the moment, At present, these speaking.
days, nowadays, still, today, tonight, this
term.

I AM
AM NOT

He
She IS Verb with ING
It
IS NOT
ISN’T

You
We ARE
They
ARE NOT
AREN’T
 Routines
General truth
Present Simple Adverbs of frequency
• Always
• Usually
• Sometimes
Main words • Often
Every day, every week, every years.
ES
I don’t cook a cake. We add es to verbs ending with ch, sh, ss, x, o
I cook a cake. Teach teaches
You cook a cake. You don’t cook a cake.
Wash washes
He cooks a cake. He doesn’t cook a cake.
Kiss kisses
She cooks a cake. She doesn’t cook a cake. Fix fixes
It cooks a cake. It doesn’t cook a cake. Go goes
We cook a cake. We don’t cook a cake.
They don’t cook a cake.
IES
They cook a cake. When the verbs ends with consonant + y, we
drop the y and add ies.
Do I Fly flies
Do you Try tries
Does he S
Does she cook? We add s to all the other verbs
Does it Walk waks
Do we Love loves
DO they Swim swims
 Past Simple To talk about an action which is
completed in the past.

Time expressions
Yesterday, last night/week/month/year/Friday, three days ago, In 1999
Irregular
Verbs
I
YOU _ _ _ _(write) an email yesterday.
HE
_ _ _ _ _(drink) a can of cola yesterday in the restaurant.
SHE
IT _ _ _ _ _(buy)tickets for a concert three days ago.
WE
THEY
YOU _ _ _ _ _ _ (play) a football match yesterday.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ (watch) a film with my friends yesterday.

Regular
Verbs
I
_didn’t write_(write) an email yesterday.
YOU
_didn’t drink_(drink) a can of cola yesterday in the
HE restaurant.
SHE DID NOT _didn’t buy_(buy)tickets for a concert three days ago.
IT
WE
DIDN’T
THEY
_didn’t play_ (play) a football match yesterday.
YOU
_didn’t watch_ (watch) a film with my friends yesterday.

DID I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, THEY ………………….?

Did you write an email yesterday?

Yes, I did or No, I didn’t
Did he play a football matche yesterda?
Yes, he did or No, he didn’t
Used to Use “used to” to talk about
habits.

We used to live in the city.

She didn’t use to like the country.

Did you use to go out every night?

Yes, I did / No, I didn’t.

 Main words Past Continuous For an action which was in progress
when another action interrupted it.
While, when, as, all morning/evening/day/week.

I
He WAS
She
WAS NOT
It
WASN’T

Verb with ING

You WERE
We WERE NOT WAS I
They WEREN’T WAS he
WAS she
WAS It playing a footbal match all
WERE you morning?
WERE we
WERE they
Time expressions Present Perfect Simple
for, since, yet, already, just, ever, never,
An action which started
so far, how long, recently.
in the past and continues
up to the present

I
You
We have
They
have not watched
haven’t
He
She has
It
has not
hasn’t
I have painted the ceiling.
I haven’t painted the ceiling.
Have I painted the ceiling?
Yes, I have or No, I haven’t
She has painted the ceiling.
She hasn’t painted the ceiling.
Has she painted the ceiling?
Yes, she has or No, she hasn’t
 Present Perfect Continuous
To put emphasis on the duration of an
action which started in the past and
continues up to the present.

I
You have been
We
They have not been watching
haven’t been

He
She has been
It
has not been
hasn‘t been
We have been baking cakes all morning.

We haven’t been baking cakes all morning.

Have we been baking cakes all morning?

She has been studying all morning.

She hasn’t been studying all morning.

Has she been studying all morning?

 Past Perfect For an action which
finishes in the past and
whose result was visible
at a later point in the
Time Expressions past.
Already, yet, for, just, since, after,
before, until, the moment that…
He had broken his ankle a month ago and
he still couldn’t walk properly.

I
HE
SHE
IT HAD STARTED
YOU
WE had not
THEY hadn‘t
Richard had gone out when his wife arrived in the office.
Christine had never been to an opera before last night.
We had owned that car for ten years before it broke down.
I got stuck in traffic because there hadn’t been an accident.
I had been to London twice by the time I got a job in New York.
 Present Future Present
Continuous
Simple
To talk about fixed future To talk about future arragments

The match between River and Boca I am having a meeting with Aylen
starts at 8 p.m in the stadium in my house at 9 p.m
tomorrow

Be going Is likely will /

to to won’t
To talk about future plans and To make a predictions
intentions about the future

Look those cars! They are going to

crash!!
First Conditional are used to express a real or very posible
situation in the present or future.

If Present Simple Will or Won’t

UNLESS

If it rains, I will stay at home.

If I wake up late, I will miss the bus.

If Juan leaves, Paula will be sad.

If I find your email, I will send you the picture.

Very important
If you study hard, you will pass your exams. for you

Second Conditional
are used to express imaginary situations
which are contrary to facts in the
present and therebefore are unlikely to
happen in the present or the future.
UNREAL PRESENT

If Past Simple would/could/might + ……

If I had the money, I would buy it myself.

If I were you, I would have an early night.

 are used to express imaginary
Third Conditional situations which are contrary to facts
in the past.
UNREAL PAST

If Past Perfect would have + past participle

If the driver had seen the dog in time, he wouldn’t have hit it.

If they had asked me, I would have told them not to do it.

If I hadn’t been working today, he would have doned the shopping.

 Past Simple We’d like our current situation to be different.
I wish
Could We’d like the ability or permission to do sth.
If only Complain about a situation that we don’t like.
Would

I wish Brad Pitt knew who I really was.

I wish I could kill my enemy.

If only I hadn’t told lies to my mum.

 To say that we
HAVE SOMETHING DONE arrange for
somebody else
to do something
for us
The roof of Jill’s house was damaged in a storm, so she
arranged for somebody to repair it. Yesterday a workman
came and did the job.

Jill had the roof repaired yesterday.

This means: Jill arranged for somebody else to repair the roof. She didn’t repair it herself.
 Had better = Should

You’d better take an aspirin.

 Active and Passive Voice
TENSE Active Passive
Present Simple I make a cake A cake is made
Present Continouos I’m making a cake A cake is being made
Past Simple I made a cake A cake was made
Past Continuous I was making a cake A cake was being made
Present Perfect I have made a cake A cake has been made
Past Perfect I had made a cake A cake had been made
Future Simple I will make a cake A cake will be mad
Future be going to I’m going to make a cake A cake is going to be made

Modal I must make a cake A cake must be made

Modal Perfect I should have made a cake A cake should have been
made
 SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

The secretary was typing an email.

An email was being typed by the secretary.

 Comparative and Superlative
Adjetives Comparative Superlative

Short Adjectives Marcos is taller than me. Julian is the most tallest in my
er + than Lucy’s house is bigger than my class.
house. Miranda’s house is the most
biggest in the neighborhood.

Long Adjectives Shakira is more famous than Adele is the most famous
more + adjective + than Maluma. Singer in the world.
Angeline Juli is more beautiful Scarlett Johansson is the most
than Sandra Bullock. beautiful actress in Hollywood.

Irregular Adjectives
Good better than the best
Bad worse than the worst
Far further than the furthest
Much/Many more than the most
 as + adjetive + as

She is as beautiful as her mother.

less + adjective + as

She is less intelligent as Maria.

 DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Present Simple Past Simple
“My bus leaves at 4 o’clock,” he said. He said (that) his bus left at 4 o’ clock.

Present Continuous Past Continuous

“I am playing basketball this afternoon,” he said.
Present Perfect
“I have washed my hair,” she said
Past Simple
“I paid $ 20 for the book,” he said
Past Continuous
“I was studying for the exam,” he said.
Future (will)
“I will call you tomorrow,” he said
He said (that) he was playing basketball that
afternoon.
Past Perfect
She said (that) she had washed her hair-
Past Simple or Past Perfect
He said (that) he paid/had paid $ 20 for the book.
Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous
He said that he was studying/had been studying for
the exman.
Conditional (would)
He said that he would call me the next day.
 Quantifiers in English
WITH UNCOUNTABLE WITH COUNTABLE WITH COUNTABLE AND
NOUNS NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
• Much • Many • All, enough
• A bit (of) • A majority of • None, no
• Little • A great numbers of • More
• A great deal of • Several • Most
• A large quantify of • A large numbers of • Lots of / A lot of
• A little • A number of • Less, Least
• Very little • Few • Not any
• A large amount of • A few • Plenty of
• Very few • Some / Any