Saptamana 1

08-06-2012

Likes & Dislikes

To like
To dislike
+VB + ING
To love
To adore
To prefer

I like taking care of animals

I like running
I like winning awards

Grammar
The noun
-s: More than one dog = dogs
Cuvintele care se termina in (The words that end in): s, ch, sx, x → es
More than one box = boxes
More than one witch=witches
More than one kiss=kisses
More than one bus=buses

Exista mai multe substantive care au forme neregulate la plural. Pluralurile formate in
aceste cazuri sunt numite uneori pluraluri evoluate. (There are several nouns that have
irregular plural forms. The plurals formed in this cases are sometimes called mutated
plurals)
More than one man=men
More than one woman=women
More than one child=children
More than one mouse=mice
More than one tooth=teeth
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More than one foot= feet
More than one louse (laus)=lice(lais)=paduchi

Special cases
Cuvintele care au consoane inainte de y vor schimba y in i si adauga es (The words that
have a consonant before y will change y in i and add es)
More than one baby=babies
More than one gallery=galleries
more than one reality=realities

Regula nu se aplica substantivelor proprii (The rule doesn’t apply to proper nouns)

Pluralurile substantivelor terminate in -f sau –fe, de cele mai multe ori schimba sunetul f
in v si adauga s or es (Plural nouns that end in –f sound or –fe sound usually change
the f in v and add –e or -es )
More than one wife =wives
More than one knife=knives
More than one leaf(lef)=leves(leves)
More than one live=lifes
More than one shelf=shelves(rafturi, polita)

Countable & uncountable nouns

Cand un substantiv numarabil este la singular, trebuie sa utilizam un cuvant precum
a/the/my/this cu el. (When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like
a/the/my/this with it.)
I want an orange
Where is my bottle?

Cand un substantiv numarabil este la plural, putem sa-l utilizam singur. (When a
contable noun is plural, we must use it alone)
I want oranges
Bottles can break.

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Substantivele nenumarabile sunt substante, concepte , etc ce nu pot fi divizate in
elemente separabile. (Uncountable nouns are sunstances, concepts, etc) that we
cannot divide into separate elements)
 music, art, love, happiness, laughter (lafer)
 advice, information, news, work
 furniture, luggage, equipment, jewelry
 rice, sugar, water, corn
 electricity, gas, power, smoke
 money, currency
In mod obisnuit nu utilizam articol nedefinit a/an cu substantibe nenumarabile. Dar
putem spune a something of. (Usually we cannot use the indefinte article with
uncountable nouns. But we can say a something of )

Putem utiliza some si any cu substantivele nenumarabile (we can use some and any
with uncountable nouns)
I’ve got some money
Have you got any rice?

Positive Clauses
In positive clauses, we usually use some.

Example:
I have bought some bread.
I have bought some apples.

Negative Clauses
In negative clauses, we use any. Note, however, that any alone is not a negative - it must be not ... any

Example:
I have not bought any bread.
I have not bought any apples.

Questions
In questions, we usually use any.

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 Example:
Have you bought any bread?
Have you bought any apples?

Compound Words with some & any

Some & any can also be part of compound words such as:

 something / anything
 someone / anyone
 somewhere / anywhere

Exceptions

Positive Clauses with Any

We usually use some in positive clauses. But after never, without, hardly, we use any.
Example:

We never go anywhere.
She did her homework without any help.
There’s hardly anyone here.

Also in if clauses, we usually use any.

Example:

If there is anything to do, just call me.

Questions with Some

We usually use any in questions. But if we expect or want the other to answer ‚yes‘, we use some.
Example:

Have you got any brothers and sisters?

→ some people have brothers or sisters, others don't - we cannot expect the answer to be ‚yes‘
Would you like some biscuits?
→ we offer something and want to encourage the other to say ‚ja‘

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Putem utiliza little and much with uncountable nouns.
I’ve got a little money
I haven’t got much rice

Steve Jobs
Trebuie sa gasesti ceea ce iubesti (You’ve got to find what you love)

Sunt onorat sa fiu cu voi astazi la deschiderea anului universitar la una din cele mai
bune universitati din lume. Sincer sa fiu, eu nu am absolvit nicio facultate si mai
aproape de atat nu m-am apropiat niciodata de o absolvire. Astazi vreau sa va spun trei
povesti din viata mea. Atat. Nu cine stie ce. Doar trei povesti.

I’m honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest
university in the word. Truth be told I never graduate from college and this is the closest
I’ve ever got to a college graduation. Today, I want to tell you three stories of my life.
That’s it. Not big deal. Just three stories.

Vocabulary
the commencement = deschidere an universitar
to graduate – from university = a absolvi
- from high school
Truth be told = ca sa fiu sincer
That’s it = atat, asta-i tot

Prima poveste este despre a conecta punctele.

Am renuntat la Colegiul Reed dupa primele 6 luni, dar am ramas la cursuri chiar daca
nu eram student pentru inca aproape 18 luni pana sa renunt cu adevarat. Deci, de ce
am renuntat? Povestea incepe dinainte de a ma naste. Mama mea biologica a fost o
tanara absolventa de liceu, necasatorita si a decis sa ma ofere spre adoptie. Ea simtea
ca ar trebui sa fiu adoptat de catre absolventi cu studii superioare, deci totul a fost
pregatit pentru mine sa fiu adoptat la nastere de catre un avocat si sotia lui. Cu
exceptia ca, atunci cand am aparut ei au decis in ultima clipa ca isi doreau o fetita.
Asa ca parintii mei, care erau pe o lista de asteptare, au primit un telefon in mijlocul
noptii ce spunea: Avem pe neasteptate un baietel, il doriti? Ei au spus: “Desigur.”

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Mama biologica mai tarziu a aflat ca mama mea nu are studii superioare si ca tatal meu
nu a absolvit colegiul. Ea a refuzat sa semneza actele finale de adoptie. Le-a semnat
totusi cateva luni mai tarziu, cand parintii mei i-au promis ca voi merge la colegiu.
Acesta a fost inceputul vietii mele

My first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then I stayed around as a
dropped in for another 18 or so before I really quit. So, why did I quit? My story started
before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student
and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt that I should be adopted by college
graduates so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his
wife. Except that, when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really
wanted a girl. So, my parents who were on a waitng list, got a call in the middle of the
night asking: We have an unexpected baby. Do you want him? They said: Of course.
My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated a college and
my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption
papers. She only relented few months later when my parents promised that I would
sometimes go to college. This was the starts of my life

Vocabulary
To attend – a meeting = a participa la sedinta
- a course = a participa la curs
- a wedding/funeral = a participa la nunta/funeralii
- university = a frecventa universitatea

To drop= a scapa ceva din maini

To drop out of → university = a renunta, a abandona (universitatea)
To quit = a renunta (a fi inscris pe o lista si a renunta)
To drop in = perioada cand mai poti merge la cursuri dar nu mai esti student.
as = ca si, dupa cum, precum, asa cum, deoarece, pe masura ce, cu toate ca
or so = asa ceva, aproximativ
before = pana la, pana cand
To start = a incepe
unwed, unmarried =nemaritata
to put up for = a propune, a oferi (un candidat)
To set = a stabili, a fixa, a impune, a trasa, a monta, a regla
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To pop out = aparitie neasteptata
except that = cu exceptia ca...
To relent=change your mind= a se razgandi

the college tuition = taxa scolara

Scholarship = bani, carti, cazare, masa
Grant=doar bani
to figure it out = as da seama
to help me figure it out=a ma ajuta sa-mi dau seama
to stumble= a se impiedica
I stumble into...= m-am impiedicat de ceva ...(figurativ)
to turn out = a dovedi

Friendship= prietenie
drawer (drouer) = sertar
Subtle (satal) =subtil, viclean
Doubts (daut)= dubii
Gut = tupeu, indrazneala, maruntaie
approach = abordare
don’t let me down = nu ma dezamagi
you let me down= m-ai dezamagit
lack=lipsa
lack of education=lipsa de educatie
lack of respect=lipsa de respect
instead of...=in loc de
Suitable = corect pentru o situatie
careful = precaut, grijuliu
helpful = de ajutor
painful = dureros
useless = nefolositor
spot= pata, loc, coltisor, punct, semn, alunita
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- LESS → un adjectiv cu aceasta terminatie = nu are acel lucru

Exercitii:
1. dangerous= periculos
2. attractive = atragator
3. creative = creative
4. cloudy = noros
5. suitable = corect pt o situatie
6. useful / useless
7. careful / careless
8. thoughtful / thoughtless= visator, ganditor, precaut, prevazator
9. enjoyable = care face placere, agreabil
10. painful / painless= dureros / lipsit de durere
11. reliable / unreliable = de incredere / lipsit de incredere

I can rely on you = ma pot baza pe tine

I like the sunny days when I’m driving through the country.
I don’t like the dirty hotels
It’s useful to have a map on you when you lose your way.
I discovered attractive spots in different regions of Oltenia.

Until you proven wrong = pana la proba contrarie

Rather = mai degraba
I agree with = sunt de acord cu...
The other side = de cealalta parte
To complain = a se plange
Complaint = plangere
Obvious (abvias) = evident
To match = a se potrivi

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09-06-2012

1 £= 1 pound
2 £ = 2 pounds
teenager = adolescent
awful = ingrozitor, teribil
careless mistake = greseala din neatentie
wonderful = minunat
dreadful = teribil de groaznic
beautiful = frumos
childhood = copilarie
to lose = a pierde
loss = pierdere
employee = angajat
employer = angajator
To release = To launch = a lansa, a elibera
To turn 30/40/50 = a implini
Tomorrow I will turn 30 yers old = maine voi implini 30 de ani
To get fired = a fi concediat
To get hired = a fi angajat
to hired = a angaja
To run a company = a conduce o companie
To diverge (daivargi) = a fi in dezacord, a devia
Board of direction = consiliu director
To fail = a esua, a pica un ex
Failure (failer) = esec
public failure = esec public
screw = surubelnita
To screw up = a gresi , a da cu bata in balta (jargon)
dawn = zori
to dawn = a bantui

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dawn on me = a fi bantuit
The heaviness = greutatea, povara
lightness = usurarea
Lightness of beeing a beginer

It’s freed me = m-a eliberat

Don’t lose faith = nu-ti pierde credinta
I’m pretty sute = sunt aproape sigur
testing medicine = a testa medicamente
to settle = a stabili, a se stabili
don’t settle = a nu te multumi cu putin (exp)
to settle down = a se stabili la casa lui

matter = problema, substanta, fond, subiect

What’s the matter? = care este problema
Issue = problema, element

embarrassment = rusine, jena

fall away =
to encounter (encaunter) = a se intalni cu o situatie, a da peste o situatie (nu este
valabil pt persoane – exista meeting)
to button up = a se incheia pana sus (in expresie – a finaliza ceva)

neck = gat
Throat = gat
it turned out = si-a dat seama
surgery = operatie
surgeon = chirurg

Have lived through = trecand prin asta

Through = prin
certain = anumit

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not YET = NU INCA
AND YET = SI TOTUSI
to clear out = a disparea, a fi inlaturat
To waste = a risipi, a irosi (timp, bani)
to drown = a se ineca
inner voice = voce interioara

To LEND = a da cu imprumut
to BARROW = a lua cu imprumut

To give up = a renunta
to get used to ... = a se obisnui
Mandatory = Compulsory (campulsory) = Obligatory
loan = imprumut
Schedule = orar
I can handle it = pot sa ma descurc
to deal with = a avea de a face
Deal poate descrie foarte bine ce facem la slujba (I deal with invoice)
invoice = facturi
to get along = a ma intelege, a avea o relatie buna
to seem = a parea
To asses = a accesa, a evalua
a day off = o zi libera
Relieved = usurati

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10-06-2012

Past simple
Adverbs of Frequancy
100% – ALWAIS (intotdeauna)
80% - USUALLY (de obicei)
60% - OFTEN (adesea, adeseori)
40% - SOMETIMES (uneori)
20% - RARELY , SELDOM (rareori)
10% - HARDLY EVER (aproape niciodata)
0% - NEVER (niciodata)
Adverbele de frecventa se pun intre subiect si verb

Pronuntie verbe regulate la Past Tense

[ t ] ; [ d ] → [ id ]

to add [d] → added [id]

to want [t] → wanted [id]
to note [t] → noted [id]
[ v ] → [ d ] : to arrive→arrived [d]
[ ∫ (ci)] → [ d ], [ t ] : to watch → watched [d, t]
[ b ] → [ d ], [ t ] : to describe → described
[ r ] → [ d ]: to bore → bored

Reguli

FORM

[VERB+ed] sau irregular verbs

Examples:

 You called Debbie. S+vb(2)

 Did you call Debbie? Did + sb +vb
 You did not call Debbie. S+ did+not+vb

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Simple Past Forms
Most Verbs

Most verbs conjugate by adding -ed like the verb "wait" below.

Positive Negative Question

S+vb(2) S+ did+not+vb Did + sb +vb

 I waited.  I did not wait.  Did I wait?

 You waited.  You did not wait.  Did you wait?
 We waited.  We did not wait.  Did we wait?
 They waited.  They did not wait.  Did they wait?
 He waited.  He did not wait.  Did he wait?
 She waited.  She did not wait.  Did she wait?
 It waited.  It did not wait.  Did it wait?

To Be

The verb "be" is also irregular in the Simple Past. Unlike other irregular verbs, there are
two Simple Past forms: "was" and "were." It also has different question forms and
negative forms. Always remember that you DO NOT use "did" with the verb "be" in the
Simple Past.

Positive Negative Question

 I was.  I was not.  Was I?

 You were.  You were not.  Were you?
 We were.  We were not.  Were we?
 They were.  They were not.  Were they?
 He was.  He was not.  Was he?
 She was.  She was not.  Was she?

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  It was.  It was not.  Was it?

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs behave very strangely in the Simple Past. The most important verb to
remember is "must." Notice how it becomes "had to" in the Simple Past.

"Must" becomes "had to":

 I must call my wife now.

 I had to call my wife yesterday.
 will have to (viitor)

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific
time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but
they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

 I saw a movie yesterday.

 I didn't see a play yesterday.
 Last year, I traveled to Japan.
 Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
 Did you have dinner last night?
 She washed her car.
 He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 Duration in Past

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The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A
duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five
minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:

 I lived in Brazil for two years.

 Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
 They sat at the beach all day.
 They did not stay at the party the entire time.
 We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
 A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.

USE 3 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can
have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit,
we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child,
when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

 I studied French when I was a child.

 He played the violin.
 He didn't play the piano.
 Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
 She worked at the movie theater after school.
 They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

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The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are
no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the
expression "used to."

Examples:

 She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

 He didn't like tomatoes before.
 Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
 People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete
sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my
pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are
very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.

Examples:

 When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

 She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

 You just called Debbie.

 Did you just call Debbie?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

 Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE

 The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE
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Exercitii
Grammar and vocabulary exercises

4) Translate into English

a)Semnatura ta este foarte importanta atunci cand semnam un nou contract.
Your signature is very important when we sign a new contract.
b)Daca nu iti schimbi comportamentul, va trebui sa te concediez
If you don’t change your behavior, I’m going to fire you
c)Primarul este o persoana ambitioasa si de incredere. Il admir foarte mult pentru ca ii
place sa ajute oameni fara locuinta
The Mayour is a very ambitious and reliable person. I admire him very much because
he likes helping homeless people (the homeless).
d)Seful meu este foarte aiurit, mereu uita unde isi pune dosarele si apoi ma roaga pe
mine sa le gasesc.
My boss is very absent minded, he always forgets where he puts his folders and then
he ask me to find them
e)Sefa mea este prietenoasa, vorbareata si impulsiva, din acest motiv face deseori
greseli din neatentie.
My bosses is very friendly, talkative and impulsive and (from this reason) that’s way she
often makes careless mistakes.
f) Acest copil este foarte cuminte dar si foarte dezordonat.
This child is very obidient but he is also missy
g) Conform revistei mele preferate, oamenii increzatori in propriile forte au succes in
viata.
According my favorite magazine, the confident persons has a successful live.
h) Imi cer scuze ca am intarziat. Nu se va mai intampla
I’m sorry I’m late. It won’t happens again.
i) De ce nu ai mancat prajitura? Ma doare capul si nu am chef sa manac.
Why you don’t eat the cake? I have a headache and I’m not in the mood to eating it.
j) Eu pot printa orice document pentru ca imprimanta mea functioneaza foarte rapid.
I can print any documents because my printer is works very fast.
k)Poti sa-mi trimiti dosarul cat mai repede posibil? Am nevoie de el.
Can you send me the file as soon as possible?

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l) Acum cinci minute, m-am uitat la televizor la un film interesant despre viata actritei
mele preferate. Inainte sa fie actrita, a fost chelnerita si fotograf la nunti. Ea este
foarte ambitioasa.
5 minutes ago, I watched a film on TV about the life of my favorite actress. Before being
an actress, she has waitress an wedding photographer. She’s very ambitious.
m) Acum doua zile am ras foaret mult cu coelgii de clasa. Profesoara s-a uitat urat la
noi, dar apoi a ras si dumneaei.
Two days ago I laught very much with my collegues. The teacher looked at us very
angrily, but then she burst in laughter too.

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Saptamana 2
15-06-2012

Vocabulary
DEZORDONAT – MESSY
– DISORGANISED
ACCORDING TO – dupa parerea mea
CONFIDENT – increzator
TO WORK – a functiona, a muncii
TO GIVE – a da
TO GIVE UP – a renunta
TO FIND – a gasi
TO FIND OUT – a afla
TO LEARN – a invata, a afla
TO AGREE – a fi de acord
GET ON/OFF – a urca, a cobora din autobuz
RELATIVES – RUDE
VEGETABLE (vegetebăls) – legume
TO COMUTE – a schimba un mijloc de transport, a face naveta
TO DEPEND ON – a depinde de cineva
SKILLS – aptitudini
CRAVE(for, after)=DESIRE=a pofti
CRAVING – pofta (have craving)
TO REQUEST – a solicita
TO ATTEND – a participa la
TO ABLE – disponibil, capabil , arata abilitatea de a face ceva
TO COMMENCE – a initia, a deschide un eveniment
ESSPACIALY – in special
TO REACT – a reactiona
HARMFULL – daunator
IN A ROW – la rand
USEFUL – benefic, folositor
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SPINNING WHEEL(uil) – roata care se invarte
TIED ON/OFF – legat de ceva
TO APPEAR/TO COMME OUT – a aparea
TO TURN OUT – a dovedi

TO CARRY – a purta o greutate in miscare sau responsabilitate, a transporta ceva

dintr-un loc in altul, a adopta,
Phrasal Verbs:
carry away
To move or excite greatly: was carried away by desire.
carry forward
Accounting To transfer (an entry) to the next column, page, or book, or to another account.
carry off
1. To cause the death of: was carried off by a fever.
2. To handle successfully: carried off the difficult situation with aplomb.
carry on
1. To conduct; maintain: carry on a thriving business.
2. To engage in: carry on a love affair.
3. To continue without halting; persevere: carry on in the face of disaster.
4. To behave in an excited, improper, or silly manner.
carry out
1. To put into practice or effect: carry out a new policy.
2. To follow or obey: carry out instructions.
3. To bring to a conclusion; accomplish: carried out the mission successfully.
carry over
1. Accounting
a. To transfer (an account) to the next column, page, or book relating to the same account.
b. To retain (merchandise or other goods) for a subsequent, usually the next, season.
2. To deduct (an unused tax credit or a loss, for example) for taxable income of a subsequent period.
3. To persist to another time or situation: The confidence gained in remedial classes carried over into the
children's regular school work.
carry through
1. To accomplish; complete: carry a project through despite difficulties.
2. To survive; persist: prejudices that have carried through over the centuries.
3. To enable to endure; sustain: a faith that carried them through the ordeal.

CARRIED OUT – a realiza

WHENEAVER – oricand
INSTEED (insted) – in loc sa...
TO LACK – lipsa, absenta, a lipsi ceva cuiva
TO HOLD – a tine, a detine, a contine , a retine ceva sau pe cineva
TO HOLD OUT = a rezista
TO HOLD ON – ramaneti la telefon, da-i inainte, stai putin
TO HOLD BACK - a opri, a tine in frau, a impiedica
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TO HOLD DAWN - a asupri

TO MEAN – a vrea sa spuna, a insemna ceva, a se referi la, a intentiona, a destina

(for)
Substantiv
1. (mat.) medie, termen mediu
2. mediocritate
3. (pl.) mijloace, căi, sens
4. (pl.) mijloace (de trai)
5. resurse
6. (pl. folosit ca sg.) intermediar
7. agent

Expresii:
a man of no mean intelect = un om de o inteligenţă superioară
he is no mean actor = e un actor talentat
of mean stature = de statură mijlocie
in the mean time/while = între timp
arithmetical mean = medie aritmetică
the golden/happy mean = starea fericită a mediocrităţii
by fair means or foul = cu orice preţ
by no means = în nici un chip, în nici un caz
by any means = într-un chip sau altul
by means of = cu ajutorul, servindu-se de
by all means/by all manner of means = prin toate mijloacele posibile, cu orice preţ
to live beyond one's means = a cheltui mai mult decât câştigă
private means = resurse personale
man of means = om bogat
he was the means of your success = datorită lui ai reuşit
does he really mean to do it? = are într-adevăr intenţia s-o facă?
they meant no harm to us = nu ne-au vrut răul
he never meant it = n-a făcut-o înadins
to mean mischief = a avea intenţii rele
without meaning it = involuntar
it was not meant for you = nu vă era destinată
these words mean nothing = cuvintele acestea nu spun nimic
what is meant by? = ce se înţelege prin?
what does that word mean? = ce înseamnă acest cuvânt?
do you really mean what you say? = crezi ceea ce spui?
you don't mean it! = glumeşti! cred că nu vorbeşti serios!
he means business mean = vorbeşte serios
21
Grammar

CARE

1) WHO – pt oameni

2) WITCH – pt obiecte

3) THAT - ambele

A PUTEA
CAN - Il folosim pentru abilitati fizice, colocvial
COULD, MAY - politicos

Expressions

MOOD = chef
I DON’T FEEL LIKE + V+ ING = nu am chef sa, nu sunt in stare sa;
I’M NOT IN THE MOOD FOR + V + ING
IT DEPEND ON MY MODD

TO WORK = a functiona, a muncii

THE ELEVATOR DON’T WORK.
OUT OF ORDER – defect

AS SOON AS POSSIBLE (ASAP) – cat mai repede posibil

TO FALL ASLEAP – a adormi
TO LOOK AFTER – a avea grija
TO LOOK FOR – a se uita dupa a cauta
I LOOK AT YOU – ma uit dupa tine
HOW COME? – cum asa?

Imi cer scuze pentru intarziere

- I’M SORYY I’M LATE

22
 - I APOLOGIZE FOR BEEING LATE
DO YOU FANCY MEETING...= Ti-ar placea sa ne intalnim (politicos)
IS HANDY = este la indemana
I LOOK FORWARD TO + VB +ING= Astept cu nerabdare sa...

Diverse
a person – two people
a rasufla usurat – to relax, to became relaxed, to breathe easier
NO MATTER HOW GOOD ARE YOU IN THIS FIELD – nu conteaza cat de bun esti in
acest domeniu
I’M UNABLE TO ATTEND THIS MEATING – nu pot participa la aceasta intalnire

TO TAKE – a lua, a primi, a accepta, a obtine

Phrasal Verbs:
take after
1. To follow as an example.
2. To resemble in appearance, temperament, or character.
take apart
1. To divide into parts after disassembling.
2. To dissect or analyze (a theory, for example), usually in an effort to discover hidden or innate flaws or
weaknesses.
3. Slang To beat up; thrash.
take back
To retract (something stated or written).
take down
1. To bring to a lower position from a higher one.
2. To take apart; dismantle: take down the Christmas tree.
3. To lower the arrogance or the self-esteem of (a person): really took him down during the debate.
4. To put down in writing.
take for
1. To regard as: Do you take me for a fool?
2. To consider mistakenly: Don't take silence for approval.
take in
1. To grant admittance to; receive as a guest or an employee.
2. To reduce in size; make smaller or shorter: took in the waist on the pair of pants.
3. To include or constitute.
4. To understand: couldn't take in the meaning of the word.
5. To deceive or swindle: was taken in by a confidence artist.
6. To look at thoroughly; view: took in the sights.
7. To accept (work) to be done in one's house for pay: took in typing.
8. To convey (a prisoner) to a police station.
take off
1. To remove, as clothing: take one's coat off; take off one's galoshes.
2. To release: took the brake off.
3. To deduct as a discount: took 20 percent off.
4. To carry off or away.
23
5. Slang
a. To go off; leave: took off in a hurry.
b. To achieve wide use or popularity: a new movie that really took off.
6. To rise into the air or begin flight: The plane took off on time.
7. To discontinue: took off the commuter special.
8. To withhold service due, as from one's work: I'm taking off three days during May.
take on
1. To undertake or begin to handle: took on extra responsibilities.
2. To hire; engage: took on more workers during the harvest.
3. To oppose in competition: a wrestler who took on all comers.
4. Informal To display violent or passionate emotion: Don't take on so!
5. To acquire (an appearance, for example) as or as if one's own: Over the years he has taken on the
look of a banker.
take out
1. To extract; remove: took the splinter out.
2. To secure (a license, for example) by application to an authority.
3. Informal To escort, as a date.
4. To give vent to: Don't take your frustration out in such an aggressive manner.
5. To obtain as an equivalent in a different form: took out the money owed in services.
6. Informal To begin a course; set out: The police took out after the thieves.
7. Slang
a. To kill; murder: Two snipers took out an enemy platoon.
b. To search for and destroy in an armed attack or other such encounter: Combat pilots, flying low to
avoid radar, took out the guerrilla leader's bunker in a single mission.
take over
1. To assume control, management, or responsibility.
2. To assume the control or management of or the responsibility for: She took over the job after he left.
3. To become dominant: Our defense took over in the second half of the game.
take to
1. To have recourse to; go to, as for safety: took to the woods.
2. To develop as a habit or a steady practice: take to drink.
3. To become fond of or attached to: "Two keen minds that they are, they took to each other" (Jack
Kerouac).
take up
1. To raise; lift.
2. To reduce in size; shorten or tighten: take up a gown.
3. To pay off (an outstanding debt, mortgage, or note).
4. To accept (an option, bet, or challenge) as offered.
5. To begin again; resume: Let's take up where we left off.
6. To use up, consume, or occupy: The extra duties took up most of my time.
7. To develop an interest in or devotion to: take up mountain climbing.
8. To deal with: Let's take up each problem one at a time.
9. To assume: took up a friendly attitude.
10. To absorb or adsorb: crops taking up nutrients.
11. To enter into (a profession or business): took up engineering.
Idioms:
Vocabulary
Narrow = ingust
Open minded
Narrow minded
Exercitii:
24
Exercitii cu Past Tense Simple si Continuous

Traduceti din limba engleza:

1) Soarele nu a apus la ora 8 aseara

THE SUN DIDN’T SET AT 8 O’CLOOK LAST EVENING.
2) Ai dormit bine aseara?
DID YOU SLEEP WELL LAST NIGHT?
3) Ieri nu am mers la bazinul de inot.
YESTERDAY I DIDN’T GO AT THE SWIMMING POOL
4) M-am sculat tarziu ieri dimineata.
I GOT UP LATE YESTARDEY MORNING.
5) Duminica trecuta prietenii mei au jucat sah.
LAST SUNDAY MY FRIENDS PLAYED CHESS
6) Ieri, pe vremea asta ploua.
YESTERDAY, AS THIS TIME, IT WAS RAINNING.
7) Ce faceai martea trecuta la ora 7 dimineata?
WHAT WERE YOU DOING, LAST TUESDAY AT 7 AM?
8) Ma pregateam sa merg la facultate.
I WAS GETTING READY (PREPARING) TO GO TO UNIVERSITY
9) In timp ce imi cautam pasaportul am gasit aceasta fotografie veche.
WHILE I WAS SEARCHING MY PASSPORT, I FOUND THIS OLD PHOTO.
10) Baietii jucau carti cand l-au auzit pe tatal lor intrand in casa.
THE BOYS WERE PLAYING CARTS, WHEN THEY HEARD THEIR FATHER ENTER
IN THE HOUSE.
11) Ei au ascuns imediat cartile si si-au scos manualele de scoala.
THEY HID THEIR CARTS AND THEY TOOK OUT THE SCHOOL BOOKS.
12) Cand te-ai intors de la munte?
WHEN DID YOU COME BACK FROM MOUNTAINS?
13) Cand ai cumparat acest televizor?
WHEN DID YOU BROUGHT THIS TV SET?
14) Ieri mi-am pierdut manusile.

25
YESTARDAY I LOST MY GLOVES.
15) Batea un vant puternic cand am iesit din casa.
A POWERFUL WIND WAS BLOWING WHEN I GOT OUT FROM HOUSE.
16) Unde ti-ai petrecut concediul vara trecuta?
WHEN DID YOU SPEND YOUR HOLYDAY LAST SUMMER?
17) Ieri m-am sculat devreme, mi-am luat micul dejun si apoi am plecat la serviciu.
YESTARDAY, I WOKE EARLY, I HAS BREAKFAST AND THEN I WENT AT WORK.
18) Acum doua zile am cazut si mi-am rupt piciorul.
TWO DAYS AGO I FELL AND I BROKE MY LEG
19) Saptamana trecuta am fost bolnav si nu am fost la scoala.
LAST WEEK I GET SEEK AND I DIDN’T GO AT SCHOOL.
20) El a dat primul examen saptamana trecuta
He took his first exam last week.
21) Cine a castigat meciul alaltaieri?
Who won the game? Exceptie, nu pun did
22) In timp ce ploua, eu conduceam masina catre Sinaia.
While was rainning, I was driving to Sinaia.

Translate into English

1) Stresul poate fi daunator, in special daca reactionezi la el prin furie, depresii sau
bei cinci pahare de scotch la rand. Dar cum ramane cu partea pozitiva? In unele
situatii, stresul poate fi si benefic. Putin stres ne poate pregati pentru a face mai
multe in viitor, crescandu-ne rezistenta. Chiar si atunci cand e extrem, stresul
poate avea unele efecte pozitive.

Stress may be harmful, especially if you over react with anger, depression or drinking
five glasses of scotch at a row. What about with positive side? In some (cases)
situations, stress can be useful as well. A little stress can prepare us to doing better in
the future, increasing our resistence. Even when it is extreme, stress could have some
positive effects.

side=parte
to increase = a creste
Even when= chiar si atunci
Stress can be harmful, especially if you react to it with fury, depression or you drink 5
glasses of scotch in a row. But what about the positive side?
26
In some situations, stress can be useful too/ as well. A little stress can prepare us to do
more in the future, increasing our resistance.

Even when it is extreme, stress can/ may/ could have some positive effects.

2) Exista studii pe animale care arata de ce unele lucruri care ar trebui sa scada
nivelul de stres pot de fapt sa cauzeze stres, daca sunt organizate cu o atitudine
nepotrivita. Intr-un studiu devenit clasic, oamenii de stiinta au pus doi sobolani
intr-o cusca, fiecare dintre ei pe o roata care se invartea. primul putea alerga pe
roata cand vroia, in vreme ce al doilea era legat de primul, fiind fortat sa alerge
odata cu acesta. In creierul primului sobolan au aparut celule noi. Al doilea
sobolan a pierdut celule: facea un lucru care presupunea ca este benefic pentru
creierul sau, dar era lipsit de un factor crucial – controlul.

There are studies on animals witch show us why some things what should decrease
(lower) the level of stress, can actually causing stress if they are carried out with an
inappropriate manner.
In a classic study, the scientists have placed two rats in a cage, each of them running
in a spinning wheel. The first one could run whenever it wanted to, while the second
one was tied on the first one. In the brain of the first rat, new cells appeared. But the
second lost cells instead increasing them. It was doing something that was supposing to
be useful for its brain, but it was lacked from a crucial factor- the control.

sau

There are studies on animals that/ which show why some/ certain things which should
decrease/ lower the stress level, can actually cause stress if they are carried out with an
inappropriate attitude. In a study that has become classic, the scientists have placed/
put 2 rats in a cage, each of them on a spinning wheel. The first rat could run on the
wheel whenever it wanted to, while the second one was tied to the first one, being
forced to run at the same time with this. In the brain of the first rat new cells appeared.
Instead, the second rat lost cells: it was doing something that was supposed to be
useful for its brain, but it lacked a crucial factor – the control.

actually= de fapt

3) Pentru o viata sanatoasa este nevoie si de multa odihna. Mai multe teorii spun ca
in timpul somnului omul isi relaxeaza creierul, stocheaza informatii importante si
le sterge pe cele mai putin semnificative. In general un om trebuie sa doarma
intre 8 si 10 ore pe noapte. Cea mai potrivita perioada pentru a dormi este 22 –
08, neglijarea acestei perioade, sau depasirea orelor de somn poate duce la stari
de oboseala, pierderea in greutate, colaps fizic.
27
For a healthy life, rest is also needed. Many theories say that during sleep, a person
relaxes his brain, he stores importants informations and he erases less significants.
Usually, a person must sleep between 8 an 10 hours per night. The best time for sleep
is 22 – 08, the people how take not care at this period or exceeding the hours of sleep
can cause fatigue, weight lose, and physical collapse.

4) Fericirea este o calatorie, nu o destinatie. Asa ca munceste ca si cum nu ai avea

nevoie de bani, iubeste ca si cum nu ai fost niciodata ranit in dragoste, danseaza
ca si cum nimeni nu te-ar vedea.

The happiness is like a journay, and not a destination. So work as if you never need
money, love as if you’ve never been hurt in love, danse like nobody would see you.

5) Dalai Lama: Ce ma surprinde cel mai mult la umanitate? Omul. Isi sacrifica
sanatatea pentru a face bani. Apoi isi sacrifica banii pentru a-si recupera
sanatatea. Apoi este atat de nerabdator cu gandul la viitor incat nu se bucura de
prezent. Rezultatul este ca nu traieste in prezent, dar nici in viitor. Traieste de
parca n-ar muri niciodata si apoi moare fara a fi trait.

Dalai Lama: What does it surprises me most about the humanity? Man. Sacrificing their
health for making money. Then they sacrifice money for regain health. Then is so
excited thinking at the future that doesn’t (currently) enjoy of present. The result is
that he doesn’t live in present and not future too. Live as he would’t never die and die
as without living.

Corect – Bianca

1) Pentru o viata sanatoasa este nevoie si de multa odihna. Mai multe teorii spun ca in
timpul somnului omul isi relaxeaza creierul, stocheaza informatii importante si le sterge
pe cele mai putin semnificative. In general un om trebuie sa doarma intre 8 si 10 ore pe
noapte. Cea mai potrivita perioada pentru a dormi este 22 – 08, neglijarea acestei
perioade, sau depasirea orelor de somn poate duce la stari de oboseala, pierderea in
greutate, colaps fizic.

For a healthy life, to get a lot of rest is also necessary (as well). /
Getting lots of rest is also necessary for (living) a healthy lifestyle.
Many theories say that during sleep, man relaxes his brain, stores important information
and erases the less significant ones. Generally, man should sleep between 8 and 10
hours per night. The best time to sleep is 22-08, the neglect of this period, or exceeding
hours of sleep can cause fatigue, weight loss, physical collapse.

2) Dalai Lama: Ce ma surprinde cel mai mult la umanitate? Omul. Isi sacrifica
sanatatea pentru a face bani. Apoi isi sacrifica banii pentru a-si recupera sanatatea.
28
Apoi este atat de nerabdator cu gandul la viitor incat nu se bucura de prezent.
Rezultatul este ca nu traieste in prezent, dar nici in viitor. Traieste de parca n-ar muri
niciodata si apoi moare fara a fi trait.

Dalai Lama: What surprises me most about humanity? Man. He sacrifices his health in
order to make money. Then he sacrifices money to recuperate his health. And then he
is so anxious about the future that he does not enjoy the present; the result being / the
result is/ that he does not live in the present or the future; he lives as if he is never going
to die, and then he dies having never really lived.

3) Fericirea este o calatorie, nu o destinatie. Asa ca munceste ca si cum nu ai avea

nevoie de bani, iubeste ca si cum nu ai fost niciodata ranit in dragoste, danseaza ca si
cum nimeni nu te-ar vedea.

Happiness is a journey, not a destination. So, work like (as though) you don’t need
money, love like (as though) you have never been hurt in love, dance like (as though)
no one is watching you.

29
16-06-2012

To employ = a angaja
Unemployed = somer
Advertisement (advertisment) = anunt din ziar
Appliers = aplicanti
Vacancy = loc vacant
I find it difficult = Mi se pare dificil
Nevertheless = cu toate acestea, totusi
To manage to = To succeed + Vb + ing = a reusi , a se descurca
I managed to learn English in two months

Within a short space of time = intr-o perioada scurta de timp

After a while = dupa o vreme

To dismiss = a disponibiliza, a putea pleca

To warn = a avertiza
Get rid of = a se debarasa, a scapa de

To emphasis = a sublinia
To resign = a demisiona
To want = a dori, a vrea
To hit = a lovi

Past continuous

- imperfectul in limba romana

FORM

[was/were + V + ING]

Examples:

 You were studying when she called.

 Were you studying when she called?
 You were not studying when she called.

30
Positive Negative Question

 I was singing.  I was not  Was I singing?

 You were singing.  Were you singing?
singing.  You were not  Were we singing?
 We were singing.
 Were they singing?
singing.  We were not
 Was he singing?
 They were singing.
 Was she singing?
singing.  They were not
singing.  Was it singing?
 He was singing.
 She was  He was not
singing. singing.
 It was singing.  She was not
singing.
 It was not
singing.

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The
interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real
interruption or just an interruption in time.

Examples:

 I was watching TV when she called.

 When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
 While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
 What were you doing when the earthquake started?
 I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
 You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
 While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
 Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
 While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.

31
  A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the
Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

Examples:

 Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.

 At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
 Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In
the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.

Examples:

 Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.

I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM.
 Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
I STARTED EARLIER; AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.

USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses
the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:

 I was studying while he was making dinner.

 While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
 Were you listening while he was talking?
 I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
32
  What were you doing while you were waiting?
 Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
 They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

USE 4 Atmosphere

In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a

particular time in the past.

Example:

 When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were
talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customerswere waiting to
be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands.
Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea
that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very
similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the
words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:

 She was always coming to class late.

 He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
 I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

While vs. When

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete
sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or
"when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and
"while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often
followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past
Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below.
They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.

Examples:

33
  I was studying when she called.
 While I was studying, she called.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any

continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbscannot be
used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must
use Simple Past.

Examples:

 Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct

 Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

 You were just studying when she called.

 Were you just studying when she called?

I was smoking when my father entered my room

ENTER FARA IN

What were you doing yesterday at this time?

I was riding my bike when I fell and hit my leg.

Vocabulary

Wear – wore, worn = a purta haine

To get dressed = a se imbraca
Medical leave / Sick = concediu medical
Rest leave = concediu de odihna
Take out = a scoate
Search = a cauta (doar pt internet)
Gloves (Glavs) = manusi
Preparing = get ready = a se pregati

34
To seek = a cauta (mai rar)
Hide and seek

Dupa orice verb de perceptie avem imediat verbul simplu fara prepozitie

Hide – hid – hidden = a se ascunde

Come back = Get back = a se intoarce
To take am exam= (+) to pass an exam; (-) To fail an exam
Sick=ill= bolnav
due to = datorita
besides = in afara de asta
However = totusi
couch = canapeaua
despite = in ciuda
To spoil = a strica, a deteriora
sight = vedere
blood spilling = varsare de sange
go for a walk = a merge la plimbare
put aside = a pune deoparte
To rush = a se grabi
undone = neterminat
turn into = a te transforma
habit = obicei
it’s quite time = ar fi time

35
17-06-2012

Vocabulary
weak≠strong
tool = unealta, instrument
deprive = a priva
approach = abordare
overwhelming = coplesitor
in the long run = pe termen lung
in the short run = pe termen scurt
threat = amenintare
to own = a avea in posesia
To forbid – forbade – forbidden = a interzice
To book = a rezerva
taxi rank = statie de taxiuri

in restaurant:
huge range= gama larga
starters = aperitive
main courses = feluri principale

town hall = primarie oras mic

city hall = primarie oras mare
shelter = adapost
pupils = elevi (piupals)
variety (varaiety) = varietate
the platform = peron
commuters = navetisti
to be packed = plina ochi
to queue (qiu) = a sta la coada
so far = pana acum
playng on the swings = a se da in leagan

36
to stroll = a se plimba fara scop, cu pasi mari
roundabouts (raundabauts) = invartitori
lounge(loungi) = sala de mese
underneath = dedesubt
to store = a depozita
mud = noroi
backpack = rucsac
witnesses = martori
defendants = acuzati

fee = taxa, tarif

incomes = venituri
TO Earn = a castiga
to save money = a economisi

People that go against the law / break the law = a incalca legea
Bribe = mita
To get married = a se casatori
registry office = stare civila
in addition = in plus de, in afara de
stand in line = stai la rand
fare = tarif cursa taxi / autobuz
astonish (astanis) = a uimi, a mira
in astonishment = cu mirare
To burst into laughter = a izbucni in ras
To achieve = a obtine
To argue = a se certa
As far as I concerned = in ceea ce ma priveste
can’t stand = a nu suporta
split up = a imparti
Weight = greutate
heavy = greu
37
1) Yesterday, I weigh myself and I saw that I lose 1 Kg.

2) Yesterday, I saw a comedy and I burst into laughter

3) It’s a plaisure for me to go every summer in Greece

4) My boss gave to me a great announcement. I was promoted.

5) I try to improuve at every English courses my pronunciation.

38
Saptamana 3

22-06-2012

- Intrebare la subiect...nu se pune do, does

What surprise me most about the humanity?
- as if = in cazul in care → Dupa IF nu se pune niciodata WILL sau WOULD

Nowadays = in zilele noastre

To emphasis = a scoate in evidenta
In all probabilities = dupa toate probabilitatile

Present perfect simple

FORM

[Has/have + V3/ V+ED]

Examples:

 You have seen that movie many times.

 Have you seen that movie many times?
 You have not seen that movie many times.

I have worked for this company for 10 years

I have worked for this company since (sinse) 10 years.
- incepe in trecut, continua pana in prezent si poate in viitor

Positive Negative Question

 I have traveled.  I have not  Have I traveled?

 You have traveled.  Have you traveled?
traveled.  You have not  Have we traveled?
 We have traveled.
 Have they traveled?
traveled.  We have not
 Has he traveled?
 They have traveled.
 Has she traveled?
traveled.  They have not

39
  He has traveled.  Has it traveled?
traveled.  He has not
 She has traveled.
traveled.  She has not
 It has traveled. traveled.
 It has not
traveled.

Triggers words
1) FOR / SINCE – punctul de incepere

Durata (for 5 years)

2) Lately / Recently / So far = In ultima vreme / recent / pana acum

I haven’t seen John lately.
I have written 10 letters so far.
3) Never, Ever
I have never eaten octopus.
I have never drunk white wine.
4) Today, this year, this week
Today I’ve written 10 letters.
5) Yet (negative, interogative), Already (prop afirmative)
Do you want to go out for lunch?
No, I’ve have already eaten.
Have you finished yet?
I haven’t gone to sleep yet.
6) First time, second time
It’s the first time I’ve seen the president.
Have you ever ridden a horse?
Yes I have.

40
 When did you ride a horse for the firs time?

Adv de timp – folosim doar past simple

Have you run a marathon? – folosim cand vorbim la general

Did you run the marathon? – cand avem in minte un eveniment specific.

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time
before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with
specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a
child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the
Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times,
several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:

 I have seen that movie twenty times.

 I think I have met him once before.
 There have been many earthquakes in California.
 People have traveled to the Moon.
 People have not traveled to Mars.
 Have you read the book yet?
 Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
 A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?

The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to
associate Present Perfect with the following topics:

41
TOPIC 1 Experience

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have
the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a
certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

Examples:

 I have been to France.

THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE. MAYBE YOU
HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.
 I have been to France three times.
YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.
 I have never been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TO FRANCE.
 I think I have seen that movie before.
 He has never traveled by train.
 Joan has studied two foreign languages.
 A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period
of time.

Examples:

 You have grown since the last time I saw you.

 The government has become more interested in arts education.
 Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the
Asian studies program was established.
 My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and
humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:

 Man has walked on the Moon.

 Our son has learned how to read.
 Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
42
  Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not
happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to
happen.

Examples:

 James has not finished his homework yet.

 Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
 Bill has still not arrived.
 The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have
occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not
complete and more actions are possible.

Examples:

 The army has attacked that city five times.

 I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
 We have had many major problems while working on this project.
 She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is
sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point
in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not
important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do
this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so
far, up to now, etc.

43
Examples:

 Have you been to Mexico in the last year?

 I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
 They have had three tests in the last week.
 She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three
different companies so far.
 My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the
year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requiresSimple Past. "In the
last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it
requires Present Perfect.

Examples:

 I went to Mexico last year.

I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE.
 I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS AGO AND NOW.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the
Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until
now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which
can be used with the Present Perfect.

Examples:

 I have had a cold for two weeks.

 She has been in England for six months.
 Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

44
Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs
and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study"
are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

 You have only seen that movie one time.

 Have you only seen that movie one time?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

 Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE

 That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE

Vocabulary

Poverty = saracie
Ancestors = stramosi
Resort = statiune

Who made you this? = who did you this = cine ti-a facut asta

45
23-06-2012

Present perfect continuous

FORM

[Has/have + been + V+ING]

Examples:

 You have been waiting here for two hours.

 Have you been waiting here for two hours?
 You have not been waiting here for two hours.

Subliniaza durata. Pune accentul pe durata

I have been writing letters (Am tot scris scrisori)

Nu sunt mari diferente intre timpul acesta si Present Perfect simple

Positive Negative Question

 I have been  I have not been  Have I been

sleeping. sleeping. sleeping?
 You have been  You have not  Have you been
sleeping. been sleeping. sleeping?
 We have been  We have not  Have we been
sleeping. been sleeping. sleeping?
 They have been  They have not  Have they been
sleeping. been sleeping. sleeping?
 He has been  He has not been  Has he been
sleeping. sleeping. sleeping?
 She has been  She has not been  Has she been
sleeping. sleeping. sleeping?
 It has been  It has not been  Has it been
sleeping. sleeping. sleeping?

46
USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and
has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are
all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.

Examples:

 They have been talking for the last hour.

 She has been working at that company for three years.
 What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
 James has been teaching at the university since June.
 We have been waiting here for over two hours!
 Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?

USE 2 Recently, Lately

You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two
weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We
often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.

Examples:

 Recently, I have been feeling really tired.

 She has been watching too much television lately.
 Have you been exercising lately?
 Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
 Lisa has not been practicing her English.
 What have you been doing?

IMPORTANT

Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or
"recently." If you use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you
been feeling alright?", it can suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question
such as "Have you been smoking?" can suggest that you smell the smoke on the
47
person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear or feel the
results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any

continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbscannot be
used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Perfect Continuous with these
verbs, you must use Present Perfect.

Examples:

 Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct
 Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

 You have only been waiting here for one hour.

 Have you only been waiting here for one hour?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

 Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVE

 Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE

NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is less commonly used in its passive form.

Vocabulary

at 8 o’clock sharp = la ora 8 fix

How long...? = de cat timp
as soon as possible = cat mai repede posibil
To assign = a incredinta o sarcina, a delega anumite competente
indicisive (indisaisiv) = nehotarat in general
undecided = nehotarat acum, intre mai multe decizii
48
We don’t give up = nu ne dam batuti
True = adevarat
Truth = adevar
still = inca
To improve = a imbunatati
To go abroad (oversees) = a merge in strainatate
as soon as = de indata
DUPA LOCUTIUNI DE TIMP NU FOLOSIM VIITORUL CU WILL

Verbe modale

Can (pot)→ Could (trecut)

Must (trebuie) → Had to
May (este posibil) → Might (s-ar putea)

It might happen / notice / Realize = s-ar putea intampla

Vocabulary

Strange=odd=wired (uiard) = ciudat

quit=resign = a demisiona
shelter = adapost
crowded = aglomerat
Annoying = deranjat
to pay attention = a fi atent
stray dog = caine comunitar
lack of conditions = lipsa de conditii
one way street = strada cu sens unic
special lane (laine) = linie speciala pt autobuze, tramvaie
to horn = a claxona
traffic lights = a claxona
subscriptions = abonament
49
rush hours = ore de varf
To rely = a te baza pe cineva ceva
Fuel = combustibil
Gas/gasoline/petrol = benzina
Bus stops = statii de autobuz

How long does it take you to go to work?

Means of transportation = mijloace de transport

pedestrian = pietoni
crossing = trecere de pietoni
Trespass = a intra fara permis pe o proprietate privata
customs, traditions = obiceiuri
habits = obiceiuri personale
ceiling = tavan
Dizziness = ameteala
dizzy = ametit
spare tyre/wheel = roata de rezerva
puncture = pana de cauciuc

HOW LONG - CERE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS

Although (altdau) = chiar daca, desi

though (dau) = chiar daca

Subiecte posibile examen

1. What did you do yesterday?
2. Your ideal boss and your ideal workplace (mediu de lucru)
3. The impact of TV
4. Traffic in Bucharest
5. Ways of fighting stress. What's stress?
6. Money, the importance of money
7. would you consider going and working abroad? What difficulties might you encounter?
8. Talking about you?
50
9. What sport do you like and what sport do you practice?
10. Would you like to be a sells person?

51
 Saptamana 4

29-06-2012

Work out = to do physical exercises

To gossip = a barfi
to chat = a palavragi
to get rid of = a scapa de..

Traduceri – corectat clasa

1) Ia o pauza de 1 minute la cel mult 2 ore de munca. Nu o folosi pentru a fuma ci
pentru a te gandi la tine.
Take a 10 minutes break at most 2 hours of work. Don’t use it to smoke but to for
think about you
2) Invata sa spui Nu fara a te simti vinovat. A dori sa multumesti pe toata lumea este
un efort si o risipa enorma.
Learn to say NO without feeling guilty. If you want to please everyone is huge effort
and a huge waste.
3) Planifica-ti activitatea zilnica, dar lasa si intervale libere pentru orice neprevazut,
constient fiind ca nu totul depinde de tine.
Plan your daily activity, but leave free time spaces for the unpredictable, beeing
aware that it’s no all up to you.
4) Concentreaza-te pe rand asupra fiecarei sarcini pe care vrei sa o rezolvi. Chiar
daca beneficiezi de cea mai rapida minte trecerea de la o activitate la alta tot te va
obosi pana la urma.
in a row= By turn = pe rand
to focus = a se concentra
to benefit = a beneficia
to get tired = a obosi
eventually = pana la urma
Focus by turn on each task which task you want to solve. Although / Even if you
benefit from de faster mind, the change from one activity to another will get tired
eventually.
5) Paraseste odata pentru totdeauna gandul ca esti indispensabil la locul de munca,
acasa sau in grupul in care esti obisnuit sa traiesti. Realizeaza ca totul poate
continua si fara tine.

52
 Forget/Abandon/Leave/Get rid of the thought you are irreplaceable at work, at home
or in the group of people with who live. Be aware that everything can be done
without you.

Whenever = ori de cate ori

To Brag = a se lauda, mandri
To Boast = a se fali
To show off = a se da mare
To praise = self appraisal = lauda de sine
.
Preposition

prep + the + subst

Skill = abilitati
Technical specification
Competitors = concurenti
Think poat efi urmat doar de doua prepozitii : of, about
cross boards = intersectie
scar = cicatrice
cheek (cic) = obraz
scratch = zgarietura
nearly = aproape
I nearly miss tha flight
to hang = a a atarna, a se satura
fed up = satula

Brand new = nou nout

To wrap = a impacgeta haine
Annoying = derajant

53
30-06-2012

Past perfect
- mai mult ca perfectul in limba romana
- o actiune care s-a intamplat inaintea unei alte actiuni din trecut
Ex: cand am ajuns acasa deja mancase

FORM

[had + past participle (V3)]

Examples:

 You had studied English before you moved to New York.

 Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
 You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in
the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

Examples:

 I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

 I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
 Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
 Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
 She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
 Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
 We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
 A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

54
USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the
Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another
action in the past.

Examples:

 We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
 By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
 They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty
years.
Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-
continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes
used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with
the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.

Example:

 She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in
1996.

MOREOVER

If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used
instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words
"before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional.
For this reason, both sentences below are correct.

Examples:

 She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in
1996.
55
  She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in
1996.

HOWEVER

If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not
optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of
experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot
be used.

Examples:

 She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct
 She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

 You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
 Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

 George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. ACTIVE
 Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's
license. PASSIVE

56
 IF CLAUSES
If tomorrow it rains /(If clause) , I want got to swimming pool /(main clause)

TYPE 0 : PRESENT → PRESENT

If you leave early /1 you get a beater seat

TYPE 1 : PRESENT → FUTURE

If you leave early /1 you will get a beater seat

- Type 0 si Type 1 describe a obvious/logical situaltion

TYPE 2 : PAST SIMPLE → Conditional PRESENT

If I left early, I would get a beater seat (Daca plecam mai devreme as fi gasit un loc mai
bun.)
If I were a millionaire, I Wouldn’t go to work anymore.
If I were ne arata ca ne imaginam
- descrie o situatie imaginara
- Note 1: La persoanele I si a III a singular, verbul to be poate fi folosit si cu forma
was/ were.
-
- If she was(were) hungry, she would eat.
-
- Note 2: Verbul to be se foloseste numai cu forma were in expresia: “ If I(he, he)
were you… la persoanele I si a III a singular.
-
- If I were you, I would learn harder.
- Note 3: Auxiliarele should/ would pot fi inlocuite cu might / could.
-
- Grandma couldn’t read if she lost her glasses.

57
TYPE 2 : PAST SIMPLE → Conditional PRESENT
If I Had left early, I would have got a beater seat (Daca as fi plecat mai devreme as fi
gasit un loc mai bun.)

Unless = If not
Unless if call me, I won’ t come.

Floods = inundatii
shall = pers1 si pers 2 = will
To get upset = a se supara
Taking into account = a lua in considerare, a tine seama de
provision = prevedere
forecast = prezicere
supplies = provizii
to supply = a aproviziona
ash =scrum
ashtray = scrumiera
cigarette butt = muc de tigara
candle end = muc de lumanare

Niciodata dupa IF WILL SAU WOULD

58
Subiecte examen
1. What did you do yesterday?
2. Your ideal boss and your ideal workplace (loc de lucru)
3. The impact of TV
4. Traffic in Bucharest
5. Ways of fighting stress. What's stress?
6. Money, the importance of money
7. Would you consider going and working abroad? What difficulties might you
encounter?
8. Talking about you?
9. What sport do you like and what sport do you practice?
10. Would you like to be a sells person?

1. What did you do yesterday?

Ieri a fost ziua mea libera, dar nu am putut profita de ea. Am avut treburi casnice de
facut. M-am trezit de dimineata, am facut un dus apoi am plecat la magazin de unde am
cumparat o camasa si consumabile pentru calculator. M-am intors in jur de ora 13, am
mancat si apoi m-am apucat sa fac curatenie in casa. Am terminat in jur de ora 18.
Pentru ca eram foarte obosit, m-am decis sa ies cu prietenii sa vad un film si sa
mancam in oras. Cand m-am intors acasa, m-am bagat in pat si am adormit.
Yestarday it was my day off, but I couldn’t take advantage of it. I had a lot of homeworks
to do. I woke up early in the morning, I took a shower and then I went to the shopping
where I bought a shirt and some computer supplies. I tourned (got back) at 13, I have a
quick lunch and then I started to make clean. It’s hard to maintain a house clean. I
finished around 18. Due to I was so tired, I decided to go out with some friends to watch
a movie and have dinner in town. When I retorned at home, I took a shower, I clened
my teeth and went to bed.

2. Your ideal boss and your ideal workplace (loc de lucru)

Mi-ar placea sa lucrez cu un bun profesionist care stie sa coordoneze activitatea celor
pe care ii are in subordine, care sa aiba o viziune de ansamblu asupra proiectului pe
care il conduce si sa stie ce sa ceara de la cei pe care ii conduce. Imi plac persoanele
tinere, dinamice, care au rabdarea sa explice inainte sa ceara rezolvarea unei sarcini.
Imi plac persoanele care partajeaza cu colegii cunostintele pe care le poseda in scopul
imbunatatirii muncii si a rezultatelor obtinute. Locul ideal de munca ar fi acela in care
exista o buna comunicare cu cei din jur, iar stresul muncii zilnice este atenuat de o buna
colaborare cu colegii.
I would like to work with a professionalss ws
59
3. The impact of TV
- see the impact of tv
4. Traffic in Bucharest
Traficul in Bucuresti este foarte aglomerat. Desi sunt sofer, evit sa merg cu masina l a
serviciu. Cu siguranta as ramane blocat in trafic si as intarzia. Prefer sa merg cu
metroul. Este cel mai rapid mod de a te deplasa. De curand au schimbat garniturile
vechi de metrou cu unele noi iar calatoria cu metroul se desfasoara in conditii civilizate
mai ales vara cand este foarte cald. Vin repede si nu se vor bloca niciodata in
intersectii. Unde nu exista metrou, merg cu mijloacele de transport in comun. Nu este
foarte comod. In general sunt aglomerate iar o mare parte dintre ele nu sunt prevazute
cu aer conditionat. Daca nu merg foarte departe, prefer mersul pe jos.

5. Ways of fighting stress. What's stress?

Stresul este o stare intensa si neplacuta care, pe termen lung are efecte negative asupra
sanatatii, performantelor si productivitatii.

Stresul este o reactie individuala si rezultatul interactiunii dintre exigentele mediului pe de o

parte si resursele, capacitatile si posibilitatile individului pe de alta parte.

La locul de munca, stresul apare atunci cand exigentele profesionale depasesc resursele de care
dispune fiinta umana.

Este important de amintit ca stresul nu este numai rezultatul unor evenimente majore negative
ci de asemenea al unor tensiuni si presiuni zilnice. Acestea din urma, prin frecventa lor, au un rol
important in mediul profesional si afecteaza mai mult individul, decat evenimentele negative
majore, dar mai rare.

Uneori, stresul profesional este considerat ca un element pozitiv ,cu efect benefic asupra
performantelor. Aceasta se refera la “eustress” care se traduce prin activarea, mobilizarea
resurselor individuale.

Este important sa se faca distinctie intre “eustress” si “distress”, ca o stare de stres cu efecte
benefice, respectiv cu efecte negative asupra sanatatii.

In conditiile in care o exigenta a mediului profesional este motivanta pentru individ, aceaasta
actioneaza ca un factor de stres pozitiv. In acelasi timp, daca o constrangere este perceputa ca
neplacuta, dificila si se manifesta permanent, ea poate conduce la stress (“distress“) si la
efectele sale negative..

- vezi hartia cu stresul

60