†hŠb wbcxob :

†hŠb wbcxob †hŠbZv-ZvwoZ gvby‡li Ggb GK weK…Z AvPiYRwbZ Aciva, hv

mvaviYZ wecixZ wj‡½i gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK ¯^vaxb Rxeb‡K evavMÖ¯’ K‡i| cyuwRev`x
cyiælZvwš¿K mf¨Zvq GLb ch©šÍ bvixivB me‡P‡q †ewk †hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡”Q|
cyiælZvwš¿K mgvRe¨e¯’vi Kvi‡Y Kx wk¶v cÖwZôvb, Kx Kg©‡¶Î-meLv‡bB cyiæ‡li
GKK AvwacZ¨| cyiæ‡li IB we‡kl Ae¯’vb Ges Zuvi we‡kl ¶gZvi Ace¨enviB †hŠb
wbcxo‡bi KviY| G‡¶‡Î bvixi e¨vcK ¶gZvqbB bvix‡K GB hš¿Yv †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i|
bvixi ¶gZvqb †h‡nZz bvixgyw³i e¨vcK c_-cwiµgvi welq Ges cyiæ‡li `ywbqvq cyiæ‡li
Zzjbvq †h‡nZz Mo wn‡m‡e bvix GL‡bv A‡bK wcwQ‡q, †m‡nZz wbcxob †_‡K
bvix‡K euvPv‡Z AvcvZfv‡e ivóª‡KB GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡”Q, ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡”Q bvbvwea
AvBb-Kvbyb|
Ô†hŠb wbcxobÕ (†m·yqvj †nivR‡g›U) eqm †ewk bq| wek¦R‡bi †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv n‡q
welqwU cÖ_g nvwRi nq 1970 mv‡ji w`‡K, Ôw¯úK AvDUÕ bv‡gi hy³iv‡óªi B_vKv
wbDBqK©wfwËK GKwU bvix Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g| mvsevw`K mymvb eªvDbwgjvi 1999
mv‡j cÖKvwkZ ÔBb AvIqvi UvBgÕ : †g‡gvqvi Ae A¨v †ifz¨wjDkbÕ eB‡q welqwU
D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb| Ô†m·yqvj †n‡iR‡g›UÕ kãeÜwUi Rš§K_v eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb
e‡jb, ÔAvgiv AvU Rb ZLb Awd‡m emv wQjvg... Ôw¯úK AvDUÕ-Gi †cv÷v‡i Ôbvix
wbcxobÕ wel‡q †jLvi Rb¨ †eªBb÷wg©s PjwQj| Avgiv welqwU‡K Ô†m·yqvj
Bw›Uwg‡WkbÕ, Ô†m·yqvj †Kvqvm©bÕ, Ô†m·yqvj G·cÐq‡Ukb Ab `¨ ReÕÑ GiKg
bvbvfv‡e wPwýZ KiwQjvg| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvwUB wVK cQ›`mB nw”Qj bv| Avgiv Ggb
GKwU kã Pvw”Qjvg hv cy‡iv welqwU‡K Zvi e¨vcKZvmn aviY Ki‡Z m¶g| GKch©v‡q
†K GKRb ej‡jv, Ô†n‡iR‡g›U, †m·yqvj †n‡iR‡g›UÕ| m‡½ m‡½B Avgiv mvq w`jvg|
w¯úK-AvDU-Gi m‡½ m¤ú„³ mvsevw`K mymvb eªvDbwgjvi, wjb dvi‡j, mymvb †gqi
Ges K¨v‡ib mfvBbÑ GB bvix Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©xivB cieZ©x mg‡q Kg©Rxex bvix cwil`
MVb K‡ib| Zv‡`i m‡½ †hŠ_fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z AviI GwM‡q Av‡mb 1976 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ
†hŠb wbh©vZb we‡ivax †RvU-Gi GwjRv‡e_ Kb-÷vbR, wd«Wv †K¬Bb Ges wjb I‡qiwj
cÖgyL| Ôbvix wbcxobÕ Bmy¨‡K Avm‡b Avbvi †¶‡Î mˇii `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K Giv
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
GQvov W. g¨vwi †ivwq 1973 mv‡j Ôbvix wbcxobÕmn bvix Bmy¨wfwËK Av‡iv †ek
wKQz wel‡q g¨vmPz‡mUm Bbw÷wUDU Ae †UK‡bvjwR (GgAvBwU)Õi
†cÖwm‡W›U Ges P¨v‡Ýji‡K GKwU wi‡cvU© cÖ`vb K‡ib| g¨vwi wi‡cv‡U© D‡jøL
K‡ib †h, Ôbvix wbcxobÕ welqwU AvwgB cÖ_g e¨envi KiwQ bv| Z‡e g¨vwii
wi‡cv‡U©i Kj¨v‡YB cÖ_g GgAvBwUi g‡Zv wekvj cÖwZôv‡b (GKv‡WwgK
KvDw݇j) welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ N‡U Ges BwZevPK †ek wKQz c`‡¶c
MÖnY Kiv nq|
hy³iv‡óªi 1964 mvji Ô`¨ wmwfj ivBUm A¨v±Õ‡KB †hŠb wbcxob we‡ivax AvB‡bi
cÖv_wgK wfwË wn‡m‡e aiv nq| cieZ©xKv‡j cÖvq cÖwZ eQiB G AvB‡bi µ‡gvbœwZ
N‡U‡Q| Gig‡a¨ ev‡b©m fv‡m©m †UªBb (1974), DBwjqvgm fv‡m©m m¨v·we (1976),
ev‡b©m fv‡m©m Kmj, Õ74 mv‡ji gvgjvi cybwe©Pvi I ivq (1977), BKzqvj GgcÐq‡g›U
AciPzwbwU Kwgkb-Gi 7 aviv (1980), evwÛ fv‡m©m R¨vKmb (1981) , KvR©
fv‡m©m Wwj (1983), g¨vKwKwb fv‡m©m Wwj (1985), gwiUi †mwfsm e¨vsK
fv‡m©m wfbmb (1986), nj fv‡m©m Mvm Kb÷ªvKkb †Kv¤úvwb (1988) mn G‡Ki ci
GK AvBwb jovB P‡j‡Q Ges GL‡bv Pj‡Q|
GiB avivevwnKZvq Ges evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vcU we‡ePbvq MZ 14 †g 2009 nvB‡Kv‡U©i
gnvgvb¨ wePvicwZ ˆmq` gvngy` †nv‡mb I Kvgiæj Bmjvg wmwÏKx mgš^‡q MwVZ †eÂ
Kg©‡¶Î, wk¶v cÖwZôvb, mKj miKvwi-†emiKvwi, Avav-miKvwi Awdm Ges mKj ai‡bi
cÖwZôv‡b bvixi cÖwZ †hŠb wbcxob cÖwZ‡iv‡a GKwU w`Kwb‡`©kbvg~jK ivq
†NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| ivqwU‡K hyMvšÍKvix Ges wewfbœ †¶‡Î bvixi mvwe©K ¶gZvqb
wbwðZKi‡Y I bvix-cyiæl mgZv cÖwZôvq GKwU gvBjdjK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Qb
†`‡ki bvix AwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©xiv|
†hŠb wbcxob †hŠbZv-ZvwoZ gvby‡li Ggb GK weK…Z AvPiYRwbZ Aciva, hv
mvaviYZ wecixZ wj‡½i gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK ¯^vaxb Rxeb‡K evavMÖ¯’ K‡i| cyuwRev`x
cyiælZvwš¿K mf¨Zvq GLb ch©šÍ bvixivB me‡P‡q †ewk †hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡”Q|
cyiælZvwš¿K mgvRe¨e¯’vi Kvi‡Y Kx wk¶v cÖwZôvb, Kx Kg©‡¶Î-meLv‡bB cyiæ‡li
GKK AvwacZ¨| cyiæ‡li IB we‡kl Ae¯’vb Ges Zuvi we‡kl ¶gZvi Ace¨enviB †hŠb
wbcxo‡bi KviY| G‡¶‡Î bvixi e¨vcK ¶gZvqbB bvix‡K GB hš¿Yv †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i|
bvixi ¶gZvqb †h‡nZz bvixgyw³i e¨vcK c_-cwiµgvi welq Ges cyiæ‡li `ywbqvq cyiæ‡li
Zzjbvq †h‡nZz Mo wn‡m‡e bvix GL‡bv A‡bK wcwQ‡q, †m‡nZz wbcxob †_‡K
bvix‡K euvPv‡Z AvcvZfv‡e ivóª‡KB GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡”Q, ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡”Q bvbvwea
AvBb-Kvbyb|

bvix-cyiæ‡li Amg ÿgZv m¤ú‡K©i Mfx‡i bvixi †hŠbmË¡vi Ae`gb Ges GB Kvi‡Y
†hŠb nqivwb‡K GKwU eo KviY wn‡m‡e †`L‡Q | mgv‡Ri g~j cwieZ©b m„wó
Kivi Rb¨ PvB cwiewZ©Z fvebv, bZzb D‡`¨vM, bZzb Kg©cÖqvm| †÷cm&& ZvB
KvR Ki‡Q bZzb cÖR‡b¥i m‡½, KvR Ki‡Q GB bZzb cÖRb¥‡K hviv M‡o †Zvjvi
KvwiMi †mB mgv‡Ri m‡½, †mBme cÖwZôv‡bi | M‡o DV‡e bZzb gvbyl|
GLvb †_‡K cÖvß Ávb-wPšÍv-aviYv we¯Í…Z n‡e GjvKvi Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb,
cwievi Ges mgv‡R|

&Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q Kg©m~Px:

1) †hŠb wbcxob Gi weiæ‡× Kg©kvjv

2) c×wZ
e³…Zv, cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb, `jxq KvR, wfc cÖ`k©b, wfwWI cÖ`k©b,
cÖ‡kœvËi BZ¨vw`|

3) DcKiY
‡cvóvi †ccvi, ‡cvóvi gvK©vi I ‡evW© gvK©vi, wfcKvW©, mvBb †cb,
‡bgKvW©, c¨vW, ‡cb, dvBj, n¨vÛAvDU, eyK‡jU
 AskMÖnbKvix: Dc‡Rjv †Pq¨vig¨vb Dc‡Rjv fvBm †Pq¨vig¨vb, ivR‰bwZK `‡ji
cÖwZwbwa, QvÎ, wkÿK, Bgvg, cy‡ivwnZ,dv`vi, AvBbRxwe, bvix msMVb
cÖwZwbwa, cywjk, KvRx, mvsevw`K|

cÖwkÿY †k‡l Avgiv hv †`L‡Z PvB :

1) GjvKvq †hŠb wbcob Gi cwigvb n«vm cv‡e
2) evj¨ weev‡ni nvi Kg‡e|
3) ¯‹z‡j wK‡kvixi S‡o covi nvi Kg‡e|
4) iv¯Ív NvU I Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ Dchy³ cwi‡ek ˆZix n‡e|
5) ‡g‡q‡`i wkÿvi nvi evo‡e|
6) bvix wbh©vZ‡bi nvi Kg‡e|
7) GmGgwm, wcwUG, AwffveK, ¯’vbxq KwgDwbwU-‡K †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj
Kiv|