LESSON 3:

A HISTORY OF GLOBAL POLITICS: CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL ORDER

International Relations

- It is the study of the political, military, and other diplomatic engagements between two or
more countries.

Nation

- According to Benedict Anderson, it is an “Imagined Community” that does not go

beyond a boundary.

State

- It refers to a country and its government. It has the attributes of having citizens,
territory, and having government and sovereignty over its territory.

Napoleon Bonaparte

- He believed in liberty, equality, and fraternity.

- He implemented the Napoleonic Code- forbade birth privileges, encouraged freedom,
and promoted Meritocracy in government (Freedom of Expression).
Concert of Europe
- Alliance of “great powers”: the UK, Austria, Russia, and Prussia.
- Wanted to restore Monarchial hereditary and religious practices in the past.
- Authored by KLEMENS VON METTERNICH, an Austrian Diplomat.
Internationalism
- It refers to the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and peoples.
- divided into two broad principles: LIBERAL & SOCIALIST
Immanuel Kant
- 18th Century German philosopher.
- 1st thinker of the liberal internationalism.
- he imagined a form of global government.
Jeremy Bentham
- 18th Century British philosopher.
- he advocated the creation of “INTERNATIONAL LAW.”

Giuseppe Mazzini

- He advocated the unification of nationalism with liberal internationalism.

- He believed in a Republican Government and proposed a system of free nations.
- He managed to influence the thinking of US President WOODROW WILSON.

US President Woodrow Wilson

- He forwarded the Principle of Self-Determination- the belief that the world’s nations
had a right to a free, and sovereign government.
- He advocated the creation of the League of Nations.
***The US was NOT a member of the League of Nations due to strong opposition from the
Senate.

***The League of Nations gave birth to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the
International Labour Organization (ILO).

Karl Marx

- German socialist philosopher who did not believe in Nationalism.

- Believed that each nation has different needs and needs to be addressed differently.
- After his death, his followers established THE SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL (SI)

***After The Socialist International (SI) collapsed, it was replaced by the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR).

Vladimir Lenin

- Leader of the Bolshevik Party and established COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

(COMINTERN).

Joseph Stalin

- He re-established the COMINTERN as the COMMUNIST INFORMATION BUREAU

(COMINFORM).