Uop WWW - Kutub.info - 65400074-8380

‫ﻟـﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪300‬ﻤﻡ ﺃﻭ ‪150‬ﻤﻡ( ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻔﻠﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪. (1،2‬‬ ‫‪-1‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤـﻲ‬

‫ﻭ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪ESALs‬‬ ‫‪-6‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺭﹰﺍ )‪ ESAL(80KN‬ﺨﻼل‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺕ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻗـﻴـﻡ ‪Mr‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻁـﺒـﻘـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺒﺩﺃ ﻴﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﻨـﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1962‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻤﺎﻜـﺔ‬ ‫‪-2‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟـﻤـﺭﻭﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸـﺎﺌـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻔﻠﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻐﺭﻴﺔ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴـﻤـﻲ ‪Mr‬‬
‫ﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻑ ﺜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1963‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤـﺎ ﺘـﻡ ﻨﺸـﺭ‬ ‫ﻁـﺒـﻘـﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪-3‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺸل ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫‪ 3-1‬ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺸل ﻟﺘﺼـﻤـﻴـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺴﺘـﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋـﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﻥ‪(10) :‬‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺴﻔﻠﺘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ‬ ‫)‪(13‬‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺃﻡ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨـﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫‪SHELL METHOD FOR‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻟـﺙ‬ ‫‪F L E X I B L E‬‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺤﺼﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻁـﺒـﻘـﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪PAVEMENT DESIGN:‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻋ‪‬ﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻨﺩﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟـﻁـﺭﻕ‬ ‫‪-4‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫‪ 1972‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﻁـﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺤﻴﻨﺫﺍﻙ ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻥ‬ ‫)‪ (MAAT‬ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ )ْ ‪,C 7‬‬
‫ﺸل ﻓﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺘـﻀـﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻥ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ْ ‪C 24 ( ْ ,C 15.5‬ﻴﺤﺎﻜـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺘﻡ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1977‬ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺩﻟﻴل ﺘﺼـﻤـﻴـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺠـﻬـﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪-5‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺸل ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺴـﺘـﻤـﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻟﺘـﻁـﻭﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻥ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ )‪ (MAAT‬ﻭ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻤـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓـﺘـﻤـﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﻤـﻥ‬ ‫) ﺨﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺭﻴﺎﻀـﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻋـﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻔﻠﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺨـﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟـﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ( ﻭ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻭﻻﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨـﺩﻡ )‬
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‫ﻟـﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪300‬ﻤﻡ ﺃﻭ ‪150‬ﻤﻡ( ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻔﻠﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪. (1،2‬‬ ‫‪-1‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤـﻲ‬

‫‪www.tech.nical.ly‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬

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