KRUPA

lecture tt.

What &
Praatng ayatun?
Apegam that
betuen a weefacemptn nd the
Cemputen hadwe.
-> An epe &o a codlection
Aatem that toqthn Contol
+he opevatlo eha Cernputo aya
Soma xampleo epeatnq nytm
UNII X Maeh Ms-DoS, MS -wpodows
W?ndous/NT , chfcago 0s2 Macos ,VMS,
nd VM. n0LTASIIa ng M3TY3

cute wer Posqimo ard nake

Aoale eaer. Soluing
Make the cormpuer vaatm Cenuenfent
to s e e e .
Use the Eompwt hadyae fo an ehctnt
mannereotolio

CormputY uyatem Conponento

o1. Harduau g paoud us baote cermputing
noto3 PIeporC, cpumermory Iodice
02.
Cperating yatemó- Controls and Coordfnateo
the had wae aneng the Vaous
the Vaoo
 Data

Appittaea paogncns -D"7fne the way

tn whfech the nyatem
the!

vtdeo qmes, bufo poqnamad

USLNS -Cpecpleymaiuîne
maduines other
Cornjp
Abataet VPw

USERI USER 2

SySTEM AND APPLTCATION PROGRAMS

OPERATI N S9STEM

COMPUTERTtHARDARE9

ta Rouree alocetor - Mahau add

alocateo 0OUrces.
crbocContro puprrHgcontrale ithe efcerciTOn

Ilo deufc.
kernel The ené pbg
Cafabol T4imeo Cal ole beng apprbeuton
proqremo)e:
Compbnento 0sos has to0 post patts,
G Kenu ao an a t u part f n
the pat o os runnfng aau etim:
 KRUPA

hatwu.o 8- Deusce daun

nd
( ) 3heU io caed aw the Cemnand fntep

Teoponotale hor eeuson Rotefor

to DsCcaled Cenmonds)

operafngtuooSupaterno can be
výuspnt6 3-The wer and the

User v?w Forn theusere pofrit vpuus. the Os

cleofqned tor eoe sn to monopeuze
4s 9 e s o s to

&yatem VPu B- Fron the cemputenlspn

an perunq vataten fo, acontrl
+he eaeeution
pamthat rnanags

Concenel ofth ha "pevaon and condrol

amtoa4o-ol bnt
Funcos

procens Managment gA proces ioa prerem

fn ecettion p o e s ne edka certan

eooees. foclud?ng CPU time memoY4

nd To decesto aceopth
ts tak)otob bno (T
 Data Pags

The openng vatm a pon

felloufog aetfutefo cer
Po connection
the fplteufi
ufth pOCesmana qement

pa0ceaa ospenotoa and heowmpton.

prouifon e neharas
paceas Buynchronfa aion
poceN lernmunicaionSe

Main-Mumory Manaqument
Management 8
Memory o a Lataay h
or buts
Oceeao ble
data g h a d the cpu and Tlodeceo.
Maßn memory by
uoa VolaBesoge deces
9T4 os uts ContentoPo the case ohayaton

uetiuitio To cenneeio t

keap t which patO e mrnory a

Cusienty ben 'wed anc byhorm.
Defte whi hpaoceaseS to LDachen
mernory opaee becomauaîlable
Aloct and do- adtocate memoTY
Space aao noeded.

FleManageent -
doacott6fen Tlateod oomat?
en dehed by tsCreate
unans orarho CbotvoouTta ard
 KRUPA

The opeangaten o
te euof ng e
erHeunaqrnen:
F?le cTetion and delejon
D?atoy reatîon ond deletion,
Apport
PLes ond doeeAs orfto.
manipul aJng
Maping w ento Secend auy Storaqs
enatcble (nonvlaAile)
e bacup

The T<0 giatam ceHstats of

-cachnq vyatorn
Aquneau daufee aruer fnteae
Druwna jor apse hadwa deC

Seenday 8tovage Management g

Sioce maio rmemoryCpamay atoraq)
hte Valaue and too 'Sma to accomodate
Ol datta an
nl pogcn pexmo
pexmanenty he
|Coroputer &uyatrnmuat podde Bonday
atoaeato.back wpanrmenor
Movat modern Computuata wwe d i t
asthep8ntpleion-ne atog
meduum
anl data .The
he jollostng actuidoin
OuoponÂble forthie
Conneenb?,th dok manaqerment
Free vapacamanaqarnent
8torage alocaron!
 Page

Netuorkng CDRakhuted ayatarn)i

OY a bt cloc ach pocaoor

merory.
hns Pts

o0etwork,
-d thruqh
Crmmunfeon tekes place
tocol L 300

cessto vautoLs outm 1eources.

Ncceas to a ohaed Oresallouo;
Comptaton Spedpo o
Rocseased, e data uilab°ty

r
paoteon Sayotern
l s to a mechanlorn
centngeeeins bypa
pcseo Ors to both vaEmand

The' poteinmeano muatg

betneenduthorfzet and
unatthorfzedace) orabot tovoM
the certrols to ba f mpoed.
aprearnert

Many conmanca asfin to the eperaing

aatem by Cóntoeatatmenta?ohfets

paocans Ceasion and'mancehet

 KRUPA

Beemmetasy qorerd
mn-roeBoory rronnqurrion
potec8on
netuor kfng
The paoqva thet snds the ond Trterprts
ode Controt atatrnnts io cas ed va afouy
CorntncLnd - Lfne Intenpter
* 8he (in UNIX)n
Dtus kunction Po togett and ercutet n e t
Cerninandrataternent

>operasg auytarn Conponnts|funaona3

pocaas menaqrnunt
man rnergo managurnent
Rle manaqarnart
' T o defce managent
Socondantoaj mor
Jateoving
proteeo
Command Poter paatun.

tum ohouid load a

|Byatonm paDg nto
Qmnto memo
pabg
p D m ohouldtermnanetmally
bnor mayCw?th e r RootPeaSo!
Or abnor
 oma CenneAlon paatg
errOr
or memor
typofoâl power
Common
teonqroto? Error
oototar
onAyo
to
Techotqe pack
murmOry. *ShCd
conneetad
by cormpuers di\hant en
a
eung aaneeses Between
the (it)
cornpten
esractng paons Scrne
the uoe
Beten G)
mmunieaonsTwo ou.
Croae
and roac'orfte hacitetes
to
uld opevattng The
manfpafon yatun Erle
03
teentty
tT| pruele
and able
to
atheatem
bemuLat Opr IO
a Fo
operafons Ilo
02
Data
 Bupt1m.
taak?eg 30stngte typi
tme tthe al prournmf
at ng 8fqle ory a
proceaJor
and inl eny hauu ayatem
+hothobaoR'bn u thatcornputer the
tme patfula
lar Corpate
aat
theces
e rwwe
yaten,
st ß eprating
Syatemi-
SingCan
w eperatng ur8ingle
we
Suttm opevainy classicaton
r by
ementd 9nl Seeunity
t to
wMnty.2vaatern the
împortant
vele andpiae Dantesoo
8eesity puoteos
ond
Tsounee compter oh
Kne ohat
my How
Aceounting
sirn. oparaing by'the monagtd
irnuat
be dufces and.1|0 vatoqe Kle
> cyeln.rrer AuehausY
Cpu Resourceo
qoho
mwiple same'tfme cUorking a at
uohen bytmi opranq or Le
the
KRUPA
 , hnuti

ArAlfeetion Proqn

optrting Syatano
Harcewa

The tain dfoaduantaga o thio cpavatfrRng

yatem io +hat cpus4s Yale &ete
tRme and ft e not wusect

Mui wser perubnq yagMuti nurmer

Cermputer t aSam timeo

The eees o paou ded ufing ntoort thot
Corofnt e vafols penona omputdrattuslu
-d to a maankraume cornptnayatm

jeorrputr
Cocnptn
 KRUPA

Aduantage
24 holp the ohng data and 1torr

2+ atbohpo Pothe otafng o

pinterg 'aicl mordern

Dioaduantage -
7+reqRes penue haadwu to etup a
matnhrarne cornputns
arne
when muple woer Log on or woT K bn

+he tun.

8mple batch pöceas?og opesairq aatrn?

eh te'otd ent
Batch poceating
mettod
the paogarn
The cornpten 'wfothe padt w
uPo 82e ond, the ?]odufce we Ley
towe that sed todoy
+hejobpocntn1
*The wer ppautthlr fob that Considated
ibthe paoqan ,d aano Sorne cotrolotormafo

Car.Ca onacDtosi
|the wse Subrf t thr fob toa cornpter epercto
ushen Po batch p o basbeen coltectd
he bp tatorl6ad tio bath eh PDqia
to tthe compten at oeimewee
baw HeTtd eneaterthe
 onty by
neuSer
a at theSametime
aru noagd auuwsed
toy thatwoera
he Byat |user
mtfpaoqrrmmtg
ng:
ctedas gto 0se that
ed epu 3ninrohConaitGnty
the ectna
Kept
rrPh
ntirsed C.eldt
terng
Mutéproprarnfoiuipeu~r
operating tò 4Atou
Hardwa
iate epirasing
mocftor,
atom
JOb
gob
Job
ooltofbn
Batth
 KRUPA

Tme sharing operaing ayt°o;-14us to the

alocetion of cermputer TesourCeo Pnatire

depndert urtif on e seu proqram
smultaneowaly.
nCPUhorecuion
Job

Job muot
Compl etedBleocked

oiinTOoOrentio
ieperain Batm
Seruun Cuud
Neto k

pasiorafnt octfent9
p topee mode!
rmodel.
To datu bwted Suyate» ttied e n t
u conneted foantuortk and each machoe
has t o o n
pocerand ewn loa memor
u th machio ork
Couleiu
tocethe to manags
network rgurR
the

2t cen'be claasf}fed Pato twocareorion.

t utclen -SeunSyatn.

babrita
eh time 1-
timeCeal- lPneo dead
timut
izola ajaturm opereng 4frme
AReal
um.
uttpoeeofng oymette
procaoPng
t. Snette
caaasted canb
Eoanony
iuteTb
nt pwtd thoh ncteaed
Aduanta
tobo
g naKo ametme
and at Pob
utple ecute durcs.
ex ?t pherel
pes? endmermoYy oomneim hang ánd deek
the Computer
bu, Hhat
on ose the
epra
operatng couplid lyMqht
a mulipoceor
yaem8 MuspcaA
o
Snkyatr
network?nq
Yoly
ang. Load Spedl
-upComptatton 4
nqh Cemmunteatlon
xohafuas Reoource
nduntaa
Pag:
 KRUPA

plfcefon Yoducded Ome SoLt embedded

Ayates CtomobPle controlles,
Pn duatu tobots vopac e eatncuatual
Control and
nd vsoroe lasqe sça
termo. cornpuYng
can be cdaas}?ed Snto tDe cateqpres
Hard reau tine Syaten quaantee that cyfE?cas
tasvo be eted on ime hRo oa Teqires
that a delao Tn thevatern b bouded-forn
the e rfauat otorod data to the ime that

operatin
T4 taKeo the vayatro to|ofohany
to 7
t Suchtirne coasnto
|Teqat
dctate theaéutes
the
hard real-ttme Suyatu.
t ealTrne yaterm io a Leasetuiu
type freal.time yate
réal ime tanK qets ptorfty
tasto und etafnothat
Comjaletw.
patoity
Teal time oyaom Can be
mix ecl with other YpSyatem.Due to
(eao Teteon, they uiko toue
Ynduatal control cLnd 70 boti c

Sayaten
oparattng nterno poide the neulces
Luated abou'to the wseno by wsng 3yem Calls
Calls acto a anerhace b
ayatero
p c s nd tho eperating vayaten
as qeneraty
dyaterncaleteanguage aualabde
Pratiuetfonolintd
 Pae

Povoked
aytern catho Can be
For fra mpte
MSeofno uea coTn 32 Apr
ioti Srplay
lorpfcation paoparhmerfotexacs teru
toCemputtr
the bpe
&upatern calo jaotded by
ayatern toeqped ntohuemaor
Proeeaoimanaqumantl

nkermaafan
WCermuntaton cianagannents t b

User

dJitties

6itooc Kernatop );
oporattng
Sjatron

HaidDaLDnOro
 KRUPA

4oser
5etfcattonproqag

oopter
harcUre

FIq8- cbmponento } corsputer Suyatem

Po efporaßnqvuatorn centafno a kernal
or o b e l

uer foter}ace Ce,T)

Kernal
Tt io he tortrol modul e

t is tthe paut o the eperatth yte,

that lDacs rst and gema Po themain

o a Bridqe b e t n i
the aetuel data pncea
hardbau leuel ( See the cbd
LoReopong ble
nanaqatnundonhe keonals
kenao pmay7uneion
ceoe,
so to nanagaarthe Compteeso
theY prOqaoto r n e we thee
lou
heoouees.
 The kennal ec efuo the vocat ornth
8hell, pvceases 14 and +he
3 0 t o en the SCTe en

}unctfons pextprmct bykina

Yn a tranapnt

>8hu-
A She o aSo}twae that p d e s
On Snter Qn

. whfh paos accestotho

a Kerha
he nameoheu brt oatd ennhels
be?ng n t4 outer làyr
between the Wser theternatO o
*
epraing sytmsaitar ans dfudded, rnto
Command lne mtcrsot
Syatm (aDMSDUS):
6 roph?tasC MS sindous thattô des

I4 to the paat
3whr hueeeiusandereitonovajdtameftheperatg
*luhenusna corithand
tnathe Conomand piornpt todojadyed
puocSorDato toroy
Hcornan atntheereno aaornmand,
aiisoheommndpeor 'makevatha
 KRUPA

>poptfcal
2 i o pwuÍded So that tho sernoed not
O the Command
emernber arta
aaatead pofrtiog 0 an langug
ion By rnean
anowe can do hio her foby

nproCeas Concopat -
teqid to do a paatfulan tate k.
pograrn
ocoled a poceao
g atwton to be exeeuted a
SneiudinA
Oternporauy data
T e t naddreas
Uaahue atouc en thu vatacK
prOgcu count value

Code Data

procesvatats Rouce

Aatr Machine nuroornnt os)

Fia &- A procea

 Date Pugs

ocYeated
New - t h e puoos
+he a c e s o baf nq e*ecute d,
Punntg
O8unf4in the proeeno io ang horsome
Lnt to oceur ouch,as an Tlocbmpleg
os. t r mi atedA proceas termYoats when
9+ hntoheo es eeution
or en
Ready- the proceso: re ady jor erecution.
TateTrpt

(Nw ady

cempletonuntng juset

’Proceas
(Tas k control block)

Procesntate oot
Pro cas nurnber
ProqmcounteÝ totwrq

Pagatsy
rmernoy timS 90i to

fot oj openfleo p

ryy pacceao an beteeentd bya

lpoceno tontTol>brockao iobouon Ro6ur
o clao ttnewn ab odontrob bloc"
 KRUPA

The operong suatern pto to etthn

9oformatton eq i d about apirul ar
ca ed pc R.
poocos nto a data a t t u
A PC 8 atp a a vatounaga vopacsoiogrrnat?
çshen apoceas o Creat ed theope rating
Cyeat ohen hep
pce and
layatem
termf nates 46 correopondn pce
el ece totheaaileble memory lotato
t n n w PC8's CUu Cetecl ustq rmeoT
kromthstóc tion ce

Pble to cornpittoram
proce atate -Each paoornay be To any
O} the Stesnw

proces hurnber the PdentR}T cati onhearh

counter-t odfated theaddreas

O8.
proqram
334Noh pbs henegtintreetonto be eUuted
kor thatprocsy 9rtto pd h o t o s p

Cpu fatey The reqtatesfncludefeumulata

qaneradppa qtat,nde*,qiratrs
Atak pofnters ets
oduds
Os.cvas gehedutng nkerrmatfon g- Tha
rmaion about

addres or pofoters tã heci

on otheT pararnetes oj aehedutngn
managnent ajormattonsDt îneudu
Memory Base ahd i^ft
inkormaton Buch as valu ef
 Date Poge

peqret
fateno, the page trtle or the
Ln|ermetfon - Pneludeothe
D7Aceeunting
9okormaiong-This
rmationgThi nhormatio
O8. DO atats îno

rteas'; Lfat epen fles outatandng

when pcess ereete conuuntùy.

n be
They
Peranq paos
ol. Endepndnt pcengot precs Alval d to be
Snd epndent bhen ftDon treheeton elovat
inlqttnahetrbydther paocs, wohfeh a
Rodipundent procen
dounit shane fto dati otth anH otHer paos.

b oj |Cooptratine proeaanA padD}1t deei af}eet

br qutoated by other potAP Ëtetutfeng
oher dàta usfth qtherpoc.

2rjovrnatfon vohe©nqt crsthPoq ro

02 Compatäon Spucctupoyq rtto
modianly:
 KRUPA

paoceas qchedutng -
Behedinq undamental
eporatinqayatn.
n o e e s mat be vothe heiulet
beBore use.
Ao a poenes enter the vaytthy pra
Job quQul thío que as a l?n ked 1eat whe
eneh pc8 Centa o a pointerporn+ing to the
héat pce Pn the ready
y qeLe.

term Bhewln Tob 8chedules)

Long
09. medfum term &checuu
O3. Short t e r m c h e d e r J

Longrm eeculer CTob schedulen).- io

whiehTob mwt be ubrntted hor Rmmec tate

paocenpuhm y nore p O c s bntted

thet n be e e t e d fn a bateh &yaten.

o2.Medfun term vocheeuer- we Knewthat moat

the poCUASes eqvome |o poperatton
Roa ileh a Case the p o c e m t cTt fpY
on I|0 eprao exeeutinq or Some tîme.
thue

procenuo CwaRng Jhem tha man mernor

to hadd Pok to maKe opats iher atherpaocea
an be 7loaded oto
Somemes +hey
and contenued romuoheuthey wu a
memor4
 aehediler -Short
3. Short terterm
Mecatt nvee0nthe yeacdy rnvbchedh
to the
smme date paoceatng
he shert term sehedlar eréeuteo onces

+heohert term oheeluer mutbe ueuy hut

Sunpi
long'ime Scheduler
but
Sapped protusej
Shert trmsthtuter
JOBReacy quusHcp
mediurmtoróg

Sheelle's.

prheett co-ordfoalon ampng

bhih tooperafn pioeisis ahad £rti

petea'isnchvootagonmafntafhs
 KRUPA

=Cafcat Section paob emg

-’ ABection oh codo C )set
whtch paoce may be Changinq shaud
Vanf abl eo updetsng Cor) a
that proces

OoentappBng
(Q) Considerthe
the quoba vauTahe 1.

Pr bReadf

Store theOtTnto ?
Pa? Read
tuhtragmipr9V H ocTernent i by
n?itur9 Stbre he teauti hto
bsc the abou eample oba
both P p hence

theertfeal Sertfon psblern uito duoiqn a

poiotó cad to act(uusicooperattbn among
the p o c e s s 1

CrRicoat Seeion tt ot noufo8

rots3t.c6ntan the
tellauofg paata
o2. aftSeónioc t 9dtoA

3Rernander geeionAr