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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪121-126 (2021) 13:2‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪1.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺮﻕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﻀﻴﻞﺃ‪*،‬ﻧﻮﺭﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻱ ﻫﺎﻳﻠﺰﺍﻛﻴﺲﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻴﺲ ﻋﺒﺪ‬

‫ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺏﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺝﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻛﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‬

‫ﻳﺴﻠﻂﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬
‫ﺗﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ‪.2019‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰﺃﺳﺎﺱﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (IgG‬ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺉﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪ 260‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺉﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻴﻦ )‪ ،(470‬ﺗﻀﻢ ‪ 234‬ﺧﺮﻭﻓﺎً ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺎً )‪aries‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (Ovis‬ﻭ‪ 236‬ﻣﺎﻋﺰﺍً )‪ (Capra aegagrus hircus‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻢﺍﻻﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ‪ 07‬ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ ‪2021‬‬
‫)‪ (IgG‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻜﺲ )‪ (LAT‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺖﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ 10‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪2021‬‬
‫ﻣﻦﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 470‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ )ﺃﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺎﻋﺰ( ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ‪ 260‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻢﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻓﻲ ‪ 12‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪2021‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (IgG‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ‪ .٪55.3‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻭﻗﺪ ﻟﻮﺣﻈﺖ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ)‪ .(P = 0.02‬ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ )‪ (%61.5‬ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ )‪ (%45.5‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ )‪ .(P=0.339‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ‪,‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪ ,IgG ,‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﺍ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ )‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ = ‪ .(0.225‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ًﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺰﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎ ًﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ً)‪ (P=0.00‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪(%77.4‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫*ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺳﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪fmahmoud2010@gmail.com:‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﺧﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺍ‪ً.‬‬
‫ﺍﻡﻓﺎﺿﻞ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻞ‪T.gondii‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪.1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ )ﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪2009 ،‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻮﻫﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2017 ،.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕﺫﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭ )ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ(‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺽ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺮﺽﺍﻹﻳﺪﺯﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ)ﻋﺰﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻤﻴﻞ‪1993 ،‬؛ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻃﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺉﻲﻭﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﻔﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2008 ،.‬؛ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻭﻙ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪.(2013 ،.‬ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻄﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻭﻫﻲ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺉﻴﻮﻥﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﺉﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﻟﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء(‪.‬ﻋﺰﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻤﻴﻞ‪1993 ،‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ)ﻟﻴﻔﻴﻦ‪1985 ،‬؛ ﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪ (2016 ،‬ﻭﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ‪ %50‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ %26.17‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ %11.15‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻀﻴﻔﻴﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻄﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫‪ %4.79‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻃﻲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2008) ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲﻟﻠﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ %40.71‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻴﺎﺱﺍﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ )ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺩﺍﺯﻭﻳﺖ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻏﻴﺔ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺹﺍﻟﻼﺗﻜﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻭﻙﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2013) ،.‬ﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟـ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻨﺘﺮ‪،‬ﻫﻴﻜﻴﺮﻭﺙ ﻭﻭﺍﻳﺲ‪ (2000 ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ )‪ (LAT‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﺎ )ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،(2017 ،.‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺍً ﻣﻬﻤﺎً ﻓﻲ ﻭﺑﺎﺉﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‬
‫(‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ .٪71‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰﺃﻱّﻧﺸﺄ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺿﻮﺍﺣﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪T.gondii‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ )ﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪2010 ،‬؛ ﻫﻴﻞ ﻭﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪2013 ،‬؛ ﺭﻭﺍﺗﺒﻲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬
‫‪ .(2019‬ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺴﺎﺉﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﻚ )‬
‫‪.2‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺑﻲﻭﺑﻴﺘﻲ‪1988 ،‬؛ ﺑﻮﻛﺴﺘﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1991 ،.‬؛ ﻛﺎﻣﺎﻧﻲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2010 ،.‬ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺷﺪﺓﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫‪2.1‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻨﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻼﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺣﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺎ )‪10°32‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻱ‪،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﺤﺼﻨﺔ‪.‬ﺩﻭﺑﻲ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﻻ ًﻭ‪ 06°20‬ﺷﺮﻗﺎ(ً‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫‪1988‬؛ﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪2016 ،‬؛ ﺑﻮﻛﺴﺘﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2017 ،.‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻛﺒﺮﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑـ ‪ 631.555‬ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪،2017‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺒﻠﻎﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 314‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪﻝ‬

‫‪ 2021-‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‪1.‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ ،2663-1407ISSN:‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ‪ ;2663-1393‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪390/2018:‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪/ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪126-121(2021)13:2‬‬
‫‪2.5‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎءﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻑ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 5‬ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺉﻮﻳﺔﻟﻴﻼ ًﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎء )ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ( ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 40‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Excel 2013 Spreadsheet‬‬
‫ﻣﺉﻮﻳﺔﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ )ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻫﻮ‬
‫‪ Microsoft‬ﻭﺗﻢ ﺇﺧﻀﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﻺﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮﻣﻊ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﻟﻸﻣﻄﺎﺭ ‪ 66‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺟﻔﺎﻓﺎً ﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (SPSS‬ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ‪.23‬‬
‫ﻫﻄﻮﻝﻟﻸﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ )ﻗﺮﻯ( ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪.3‬ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻮﺝ ‪ 45‬ﻛﻢ ﺟﺮﺩﻳﻨﺔ ‪ 33‬ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺟﻴﺔ ‪ 20‬ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺰﺍﺓ ‪30‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ‪،‬ﺑﻮﻃﻨﻨﻲ ‪ 6‬ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻛﺮﺓ ‪ 75‬ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺟﻤﻊ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺉﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻴﻦ )‪ (470‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪234‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ‪.2019‬‬
‫ﺭﺃﺱﻏﻨﻢ ﻭ ‪ 236‬ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻋﺰ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (IgG‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻜﺲ )‪ (LAT‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 470‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ 260‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (IgG‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ‪) ٪55.3‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪ .(1‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻭﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ‪ 234) 470‬ﺧﺮﻭﻓﺎً ﻭ‪ 236‬ﻣﺎﻋﺰﺍً( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ )‪aries‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ )‪ (%60.7‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ (Ovis‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ )‪ (Capra aegagrus hircus‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ‬
‫)‪ .(P=0.02‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪2‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﻋﺸﻮﺍﺉﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ )‪ (٪61.5‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ )‪ ،(٪54.5‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ )‪ .(P = 0.339‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪2.3‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻢﻧﺰﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ )‪ (P=0.344‬ﻭ )‪ (P=0.678‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪ 10-5‬ﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻣﻔﺮﻏﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﺘﺘﺠﻠﻂ ﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺑﻤﻌﺪﻝ ‪ 3000‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 10‬ﺩﻗﺎﺉﻖ ﻭﺗﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺴﺐﺍﻟﻔﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ ﻭﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 20-‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺉﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪ (3‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﻧﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﻄﻌﺎﻧﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻦ )‪ (%59‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻔﻬﻴﺎًﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺫﺍﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ )ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ = ‪.(0.225‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ( ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .4‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺣﺔ‬ ‫‪2.4‬ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫)‪ (%77.41‬ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻋﻄﻨﻲ )‪ ،(%66.66‬ﻭﺟﺮﺩﻳﻨﺎ )‪.(%63.1‬‬
‫ﺗﻢﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺖ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‪ IgG‬ﺿﺪﻫﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻃﻘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ )‪ (%67.8‬ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻜﺲ )‪ Toxo Latex Kit‬ﻣﻦ ‪، CB4 0WX، UK‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻳﻒ)‪ ،(%53.6‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ )ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .(5‬ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺎ ًﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪.(Atlas Medical، William James House، Cowley Rd، Cambridge‬‬
‫ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪ Atlas Toxo Latex‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺹ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ (0.00‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪.0.05‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪1‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪P‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻮﺻﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪60.7‬‬ ‫‪142‬‬ ‫‪234‬‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻢ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪p = 0.02‬‬ ‫‪50.0‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬ ‫‪236‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ‬
‫‪55.3‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪470‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

‫‪. =1‬‬ ‫_‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=5.426,‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪2‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪P‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻮﺻﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬

‫‪61.5‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫_‬ ‫‪=0.339‬‬ ‫‪54.5‬‬ ‫‪228‬‬ ‫‪418‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‬
‫‪. =1‬‬ ‫_‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=0.915‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪470‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻮﺻﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬

‫‪59.1‬‬ ‫‪137‬‬ ‫‪232‬‬ ‫>‪2‬‬
‫‪52.1‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫‪213‬‬ ‫‪2-5‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪=0.255‬‬ ‫‪48.0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫>‪5‬‬
‫‪55.3‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪470‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

‫‪. =2‬‬ ‫_‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=2.736,‬‬

‫‪122‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪/ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪126-121(2021)13:2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪4‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻮﺻﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫‪66.7‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻮﻋﻄﻨﻲ‬
‫‪77.4‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺰﻫﺎ‬
‫‪48.2‬‬ ‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪137‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻮ‬
‫‪37.0‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻛﺮﺓ‬
‫‪63.1‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫‪141‬‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺮﺩﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪55.3‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪470‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

‫_‬ ‫‪=0.00‬‬ ‫‪. =4،‬‬ ‫_‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=33.69,‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪5‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻮﺻﻴﻦ‬
‫‪67.8‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬ ‫‪174‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫‪37.0‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‬
‫‪53.6‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪196‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫‪55.3‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪470‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

‫‪. =,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪.‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪= .‬‬

‫ﺁﻝ‪2014 ،.‬؛ ﻟﺤﻤﺮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﻓﺮﻳﺞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2016 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬ ‫‪.4‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬

‫‪2017‬؛ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻪﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2019 ،.‬؛ ﺇﻳﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ‪ 470‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺟﻮﻳﺮﻱ‪2019،‬؛ ﺟﻮﻟﻲ ﻭﺑﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﻄﻮﺍﻥ‪ .(2019 ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻜﺲ )‪ ،(LAT‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ 260‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﻠﻲ ﻟـﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ )ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ‪ .٪55.3‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪2010 ،‬؛ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2019 ،.‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲﺕ‪.‬ﻏﻮﺩﻱﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺰﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﺤﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻞﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮﺍ ًﻣﺤﺘﻤﻼ ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺉﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ )‪(%61.5‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﺧﺔﺟﻴﺪﺍ‪ ً.‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻜﺲ )‪ (LAT‬ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎً ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ )‪ ،(%54.5‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ )‪.(P = 0.02‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔﻳﻴﻦ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2015) .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻦ‪،‬ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻨﺎﺯﻳﺮﻭﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻘﺎﺭ )ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﺰﺓ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪2010 ،‬؛ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2019) .‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2014) .‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺫﻳﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪) .‬‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﻓﺮﻳﺞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2016 ،.‬؛ ﺫﻳﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2017 ،.‬؛ ﺇﻳﺸﺎﻛﻮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬
‫‪(2017‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ‪ ,‬ﺳﻮﺑﻴﺪﻱﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2018) .‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻝ‪،‬ﻳﻮﻧﺲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،(2015) .‬‬
‫‪2018‬؛ﺇﻳﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺲ ﻭﺗﺎﺟﻮﻳﺮﻱ‪2019 ،‬؛ ﺟﻮﻟﻲ ﻭﺑﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﻄﻮﺍﻥ‪ .(2019 ،‬ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،(2017) .‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻭﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻭﻓﻮﺭﺍﻝ )‪(2006‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ )‪ (%55.3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻊﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻧﺤﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ )ﻫﻮﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻛﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺮﻭﺍﻭﻟﻴﻨﺪ‪2005 ،‬؛ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2017 ،.‬؛ ﺇﻳﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺰ ﻭﺗﺎﺟﻮﻳﺮﻱ‪.(2019 ،‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺮﺯﻫﺎﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ )ﻟﺤﻤﺮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪.(2017 ،.‬‬
‫ﺳﺠﻞﻫﺆﻻء ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍً ﻣﺼﻠﻴﺎً ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎً ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ‪ %67.0‬ﻭ‪ %52.0‬ﻭ‪ %83.3‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻳﺸﺎﻛﻮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،(2018) .‬ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﺮﺍﺕﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ )ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ( ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﻫﺆﻻء ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐﻭﺭﺍء ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻧﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ًﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ %17.7‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ )ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪% (2014 ،.‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻴﻼً‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪26.7‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ )ﻓﺮﻳﺞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 35.1% ،(2016 ،.‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ %31.0 ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ )‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬ﺳﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻧﺴﻴﻞﻭﻓﻮﺭﺍﻝ‪ 37.0% ،(2006 ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻧﺲ )ﻟﺤﻤﺮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 28.3% (2015 ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ )ﻟﺤﻤﺮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2018 ،.‬ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺑﻮﻥ)ﺟﻮﻟﻲ ﻭﺑﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﻄﻮﺍﻥ‪ (2019 ،‬ﻭ ‪ %35.0‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺠﻴﺮﻳﺎ )ﺇﻳﺸﺎﻛﻮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ )ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ( ﻗﺪ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﺪﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ )ﺫﻳﻞ‬
‫‪ .(2018‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪.(2017 ،.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻲ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ)ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ)ﺳﻜﻴﻴﺮﻑﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1998 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻴﻨﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﻜﻴﺮﻭﺙ ﻭﻭﺍﻳﺲ‪2000 ،‬؛‬
‫ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2014 ،.‬؛ ﻟﺤﻤﺮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪2016 ،‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2017 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ .(2019 ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺤﺴﺐﺍﻟﻔﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻭﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻓﻲﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺇﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ)ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ( ﻣﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ) ‪ (P = 0.02‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻦﻋﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﺍ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺣﻆﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً )‬
‫ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪.‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺉﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺰﻭﻱ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻤﻴﻞ‪1993 ،‬؛ ﻧﻴﺠﺎﺵﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2004 ،.‬؛ ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ)ﻳﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺫﻳﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2017 ،.‬؛‬
‫ﺳﻮﺑﻴﺪﻱﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2019 ،.‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ )ﺗﺸﻴﻜﻮﻳﺘﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2011 ،.‬؛ ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2014 ،.‬؛ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮﻱ ﻭﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫‪2015‬؛ﻳﻮﻧﺲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪,.‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪/ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪126-121(2021)13:2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ)ﻧﻴﺠﺎﺵﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2004 ،.‬؛ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﺰﺓ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪2010 ،‬؛ ﺗﺸﻴﻜﻮﻳﺘﻮ‬ ‫‪ ;2017‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪ .(2018‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2011 ،.‬؛ ﺍﺑﻮ ﺩﻟﺒﻮﺡﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2012 ،.‬؛ ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2014 ،.‬؛ ﻟﺤﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﻓﺮﻳﺞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2016 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ;2017 ,.‬ﺫﻳﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪,.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻢﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ ;2017‬ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﺇﻳﺸﺎﻛﻮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻪﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫‪2019‬؛ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻡﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2019 ،.‬؛ ﺟﻮﻟﻲ ﻭﺑﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﻄﻮﺍﻥ‪ .(2019 ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪.‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻭﻗﺪ ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﻳﻮﻧﺲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺰﻫﺎ )‪ (%77.4‬ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻄﻨﻲ )‪ .(%66.7‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫‪2015‬؛ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﻧﻲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﺇﻳﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺲ ﻭﺗﺎﺟﻮﻳﺮﻱ‪2019 ،‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ .(2019،.‬ﻭﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻭﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ )‪ .(P=0.678‬ﻭﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖﺍﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻼﺉﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺮﻍ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ )ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2014 ،.‬؛ ﻓﺮﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2016 ،.‬؛ ﺫﻳﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2017 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻝ‪.(2019 ،.‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻞﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 18‬ﺷﻬﺮﺍً )ﺗﻴﻨﺘﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻜﻴﺮﻭﺙﻭﻭﺍﻳﺲ‪ .(2000 ،‬ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞﺟﺒﺮﻳﻤﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2014) .‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ ﻭ)ﺫﻳﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2017 ،.‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ‪.‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺎً ﺑﻤﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﺔﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮﺳﻨﺎ)ﺷﻴﻜﻴﺘﻮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2011 ،.‬؛ ﻳﻮﻧﺲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻡﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺔ)ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2014 ،.‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎ‬
‫‪.(2019‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﻔﺎﻑ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﺒﺮﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ)ﺗﻴﻨﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﻜﻴﺮﻭﺙ ﻭﻭﺍﻳﺲ‪ .(2000 ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪.5‬ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ‪،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺠﻠﻬﺎ )ﻋﺰﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻤﻴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪ (1993‬ﻭ )ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻭﻙﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2013 ،.‬ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ )ﺟﻮﻟﻲ ﻭﺑﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﻄﻮﺍﻥ‪ (2019 ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ‪ IgG‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺑﻮﻥ‪،‬ﻭ )ﺇﻳﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺰ ﻭﺗﺎﺟﻮﻳﺮﻱ‪ (2019 ،‬ﻓﻰ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ )ﻋﺰﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻤﻴﻞ‪1993 ،‬؛‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻞ‪T.gondii‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻃﻲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2008 ،.‬؛ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻭﻙﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2013 ،.‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙﻟﺤﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﺧﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺍ ًﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮﺍ ًﻣﺤﺘﻤﻼ ًﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪٪40.7‬ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ )ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻃﻲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 33.7% (2008 ،.‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ )ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻤﺮﺽ‬ ‫‪ 35.9% (2018‬ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻧﺎ )ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻡ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 31.0% ،(2019 ،.‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ )ﺃﻭﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻮﺭﺍﻝ‪ 51.8% (2006،‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ )ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 45.7% (2017 ،.‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ )ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﻣﺮﺳﻲ‪1991 ،‬؛ ﺑﺪﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 36.2%(2017) .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ )ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﺰﺓ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪%,(2010 ،‬‬
‫‪2002‬؛ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ‪2006 ،‬؛ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﻲ‪ .(2018 ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫‪28.0‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺠﻴﺮﻳﺎ)ﺇﻳﺸﺎﻛﻮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 25.6% (2018 ،.‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺉﺮ )ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻪﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻟﺤﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫‪ 1.4% ،(2019‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﻦ )ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2019 ،.‬ﻭ ‪ %40.2‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﺲ )ﻟﺤﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻭﻯ‪،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬ﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2015 ،.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺉﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ )ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪.(2019 ،.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪ ،MC ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،.M ،‬ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺔ‪ ،.B ،‬ﺳﻤﻴﺮ‪ ،.A ،‬ﺟﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،.K ،‬ﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺢﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﻝ" (‪K. and Khatima, AO )2019‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺉﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺕ‪.‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﺼﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،(3)6 ،‬ﺹ‪.63 .‬‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ )ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،.‬‬
‫‪2014‬؛ﻳﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺫﻳﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2017 ،.‬؛ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2017 ،.‬؛‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮﺩﻟﺒﻮﺡ‪ ،MAA ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺑﻨﺔ‪ ،MM ،‬ﺟﻴﺎﺩﻳﻨﻴﺲ‪ ND ،‬ﻭﻻﻓﻲ‪SQ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺑﻴﺪﻱﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻪﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2019 ،.‬؛ ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻡﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2019 ،.‬؛‬
‫)‪' (2012‬ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ )ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2019 ،.‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻭﺭﺍء ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻀﺔﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬ﺻﺤﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎﺯﻫﻦ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺉﻴﺔ‪ ،(1)44 ،‬ﺹ ‪.54-49‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮﺃﻭ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ‪).‬ﺫﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2017 ،.‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪(2018).‬ﻭﻳﻮﻧﺲﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪) ،.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺟﻼﻥ‪،‬ﺭ‪.‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮﻱ‪ FS ،‬ﻭﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‪SM )2015( ،‬‬
‫‪(2015‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫'ﻛﺸﻒﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻜﺲ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﻴﺰﺍ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺃﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﻢﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﻼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ'‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،(10)4 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪570‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺉﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‪.585‬‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺠﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬ﻧﻴﻮﺟﻴﺮﺳﻲ )‪" (2006‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ)ﻳﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺳﻮﺑﻴﺪﻱﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻮﻧﻬﻬﻴﻮﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2019 ،.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،'.‬ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ )‬ ‫(‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﻗﺎﺭﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺩﻭﻣﻴﺘﺮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ;2006 ,.‬ﺃﻭﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻭﻓﻮﺭﺍﻝ‪2006 ،‬؛ ﺗﺸﻴﻜﻮﻳﺘﻮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2011 ،.‬؛‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺗﻤﻲ‪،‬ﺃ‪.‬ﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇ‪.‬ﻙ‪ ،.‬ﻭﻣﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪" (2018) .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺮﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻦﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2014 ،.‬؛ ﻟﺤﻤﺮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2015 ،.‬؛ ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2018 ،.‬؛‬
‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻤﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻪﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2019 ،.‬؛ ﺇﻳﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺰ ﻭﺗﺎﺟﻮﻳﺮﻱ‪ (2019 ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻫﺆﻻء‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ‪.‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،(1)9 ،‬ﺹ ‪.10-1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺃﻋﻠﻰﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻷﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻷﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺧﻤﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬ﻱ‪.‬ﻡ‪ ،.‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺁﻱ‪.‬ﺇﻱ‪ ،.‬ﺩﻳﻔﻠﻴﺸﺎﻭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ ،.‬ﺩﻭﺭﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪،.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ" (‪Jennes، M. and Cox، E. )2018‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺉﺔﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻞﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟـﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻲ ﺇﻡ ﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻧﺤﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺑﺤﺎﺙﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،(1)14 ،‬ﺹ ‪.5-1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻭﻙ‪،‬ﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺨﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺱ‪.‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺃ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺏ ﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪" MMA )2013( ،‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟـﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺃﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ'‪,‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻝ‬
‫‪124‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪/ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪126-121(2021)13:2‬‬
‫ﺟﺒﺮﻣﺪﻫﻴﻦ‪،‬ﺇﺯ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،.‬ﻫﺎﺩﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻴﺴﻴﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻲ ﺇﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚﻣﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪ ،1 ،‬ﺹ ‪.154-148‬‬
‫)‪" (2014‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺤﻲ‪،‬ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪.‬ﻩ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪MA )2010( ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰﺍﻟﻤﺬﺑﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‪،‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫"ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﺪﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫‪ ،(1)7 ،BMC‬ﺹ‪.696 .‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ"‪،‬ﺝﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦﺵﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺏﺃﺑﻴﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،18 ،‬ﺹ‬
‫‪.1387-1382‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﻞ‪،‬ﺩﻱ ﻭﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ )‪' (2013‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻧﻴﻲ‪،‬ﺭ‪.‬ﺃ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪.‬ﻡ )‪" (2019‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪,‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪)43 .‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍءﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ'‪,‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،(2‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪ 107‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.113‬‬ ‫‪ ،(4)18‬ﺹ ‪.104-98‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽ' (‪Hove, T., Mukaratirwa, S. and Lind, P. )2005‬‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻴﻞ‪،‬ﻏﺒﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻤﻮ؛ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻱ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ .‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﺝﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ؛ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺱ‪.‬ﺡ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ )‪" (2017‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻧﺪﺭﺳﺘﻴﺒﻮﺭﺕﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،(4)72 ،‬ﺹ ‪.272 – 267‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺍءﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺭﻑ"‪،‬ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎءﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐﻼﺩﻳﺶ‪ ،(2)4 ،‬ﺹ ‪.213-207‬‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺟﻼﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﻨﻘﻴﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺓ)‪" (2017‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺉﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟـ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻭﻱ‪،‬ﺇﺱ ﺇﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻑ ﺗﻲ ﻭﺟﻤﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺱ‪' (1993) .‬ﺃ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ" ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﺉ ﻟﻠﻄﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺉﻲ‪،(10)10 ،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﺪﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺹ‪.1001 – 996‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،(3)9 ،‬ﺹ ‪.135 – 133‬‬

‫ﺇﻳﺸﺎﻛﻮ‪،‬ﺑﻲ ﺇﺱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻟﻮﻧﺞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪،.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭ‪،‬ﺟﻲ ﺟﻲ )‪“ (2002‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟـﺕ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ ‪B‬‬
‫)‪" (2018‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺎﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﻭﻯﻓﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺑﺎﺉﻲ ﺳﻲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺦ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺟﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺠﻴﺮﻳﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ‪.‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺭﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،(2)4 ،‬ﺹ ‪.61-55‬‬
‫‪Bentum, KE, Folitse, RD, Amemor, E., Burimuah, V., Opoku-‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟـ" (‪Agyemang, T. and Emikpe, BO )2019‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﻟﻲ‪،‬ﺏ‪ ،.‬ﺑﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﻪ ﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻄﻮﺍﻥ‪" MMR )2019( ،‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﺑﻮﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺦ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨﻴﻦﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻀﺔ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻭ‪ Neospora caninum‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻣﺎﺳﻲ‪،‬ﻏﺎﻧﺎ‪،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺑﻮﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ‪ ،(5)40،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪ 495‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.501‬‬
‫‪ ،60،‬ﺹ ‪.5-1‬‬
‫(‪Buxton, D., Thomson, K., Maley, S., Wright, S. and Bos, HJ )1991‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬ﺝ‪ ،.‬ﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ ،.‬ﻛﻮﻣﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻩ‪ ،.‬ﻳﺪﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻳﻐﻮ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪(2010) .‬‬ ‫'ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ )‪ (S48‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ‬
‫'ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﺪﻭﻏﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ‪,'.‬ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ‪ ،(5)129 ،‬ﺹ ‪.93-89‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻕﻧﻴﺠﻴﺮﻳﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﺳﻴﺘﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﻜﺎ‪ ،(1)55 ،‬ﺹ ‪.95-94‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﻛﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺱ ﺩﺑﻠﻴﻮ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺇﺱ ﺇﻱ ﺭﻭﺩﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﺱ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲ‪ .‬ﺇﻳﻨﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻱ ﺇﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ‪،‬ﺳﻤﻮ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ )‪' (1991‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺳﻮﻥ‪،‬ﺃ‪" (2017) .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﺟﻬﺎﺽ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ"‪،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ‪،2 ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪.246 ،180‬‬
‫)‪ (SPLAJ‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ'‪،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،(1)21 ،‬ﺹ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻴﻜﻮﻳﺘﻮ‪ ،.A،‬ﻛﻮﻣﺜﻴﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،.S ،‬ﺗﻴﻮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،.K ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﻙ‪ ،.B ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﻛﺎﺭ‪،MS ،‬‬
‫‪.74-69‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻮﻥ‪،‬ﺟﻲ‪ ،.‬ﻣﺎﻛﻔﻴﺮﺳﻮﻥ‪ ،CNL ،‬ﺷﺎﺭﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ )‪' (2011‬‬
‫ﻟﺤﻤﺮ‪،‬ﺇ‪ ،.‬ﻟﺸﺨﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ ،.‬ﺳﻼﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ ،.‬ﺳﺎﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ ،.‬ﺣﻮﺍﺱ ﻥ‪ ،.‬ﻏﻮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪،.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺎﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ‬
‫‪"،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺷﻴﺔﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻳﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﻳﺎﻛﻮ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪,‬‬
‫" (‪ Pfaff, AW, Candolfi, E. and Babba, H. )2015‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،(5)97 ،‬ﺹ ‪.951-950‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻧﺸﺮ (‪ ،OMICS، 6)5‬ﺹ ‪.245‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪،‬ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ )‪" (2009‬ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ‪ -‬ﺁﺧﺮ ‪ 20‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎً"‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻔﻴﻦ‪ ND )1985( ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،(2–1) 163 ،‬ﺹ ‪.14–1‬‬
‫‪2‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪،‬ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ )‪" (2010‬ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ"‬
‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻴﺲ‪.‬‬

‫‪Negash، T.، Tilahun، G.، Patton، S.، Prevot، F. and Dorchies، PH‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ'‪،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ‪.‬‬

‫)‪' (2004‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﺪﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍءﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ (‪Dubey، JP )2016‬‬
‫ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ'‪،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ‪ ،155 ،‬ﺹ ‪.488-486‬‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻌﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺑﻲ‪،‬ﺟﻲ ﺑﻲ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻲ ﺑﻲ )‪ (1988‬ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ" (‪Vural، G. )2006‬ﻭ ‪Oncel، T.‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪CRC‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ'‪،‬ﺑﻴﻄﺮﻳﻨﺎﺭﺳﻜﻲ ﺃﺭﻫﻴﻒ‪،76 ،‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﺘﺮ‪،‬ﺃ‪ ،.‬ﺃﺟﺰﻳﻨﺒﻴﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ ،.‬ﺭﻭﺯﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝ‪ ،.‬ﻣﺮﺳﻴﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻡ ﺇﻝ‬
‫ﺹ‪.553-547‬‬
‫)‪' (2006‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮﺕ ﻓﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﺗﺒﻲ‪،‬ﻡ‪ ،.‬ﻋﻤﺎﻳﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺱ‪ ،.‬ﻋﻤﺪﻭﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻱ‪ ،.‬ﺑﻮﺳﻌﺪﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻡ ﺇﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪،.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺰﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺮﻱ‪،‬ﻉ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،.‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪.‬ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ ،.‬ﺩﺭﻏﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬ﺃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻼﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪) .‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ'‪،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،(4–3)142 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪ 376‬ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫‪' (2019‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻭﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ'‪،‬‬ ‫‪.379‬‬
‫‪ ،Parasite، EDP Sciences‬ﺹ‪.26 .‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻃﻲ‪،‬ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،AM ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،AS ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ‪(2008).‬‬
‫'ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺑﺮﻱ ﺳﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫(‪Skjerve، E.، Waldeland، H.، Nesbakken، T. and Kapperud، G. )1998‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻞ('‪,‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ ﺑﺄﺳﻴﻮﻁ‪ ،(119) 54 ،‬ﺹ ‪.333-327‬‬
‫'ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻝﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺠﻴﺔ ﺫﺑﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺉﻲ‪ ،(3)35 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪ 219‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.227‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻭ" (‪Etter، E.، Neves، L. and Tagwireyi، WM )2019‬‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺑﻴﺪﻱ‪،‬ﺇﺱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺭﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻨﻎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻨﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪-YR )2018( 'Sero ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏﺷﺮﻕ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺃﻭﻧﺪﺭﺳﺘﻴﺒﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪,‬ﺗﺤﺎﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺒﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝﺍﻟﺠﺰﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ‪ ،(1)86 ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.6‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،5 ،‬ﺹ ‪.9-7‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﺞ‪،‬ﺁﺭ ﺇﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺗﺶ ﻭﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺱ ﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻡ ﺁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﺑﺉﺔ' (‪, AEA and Nishikawa, Y. )2016‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺘﺮ‪،‬ﺃ‪ ،.‬ﻫﻴﻜﻴﺮﻭﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝ‪' (2000) .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Wahab, A., Osman, SA, Zidan, SA, El-Khodary, SA,‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،30 ،‬ﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1258-1217‬ﺩﻭﻯ‪.S0020-7519)00(00124-7/10.1016 :‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕﻭﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،3 ،‬ﺹ ‪.6-1‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻞﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪/ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪126-121(2021)13:2‬‬
‫‪ ،(3)43‬ﺹ ‪.349-343‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥ‪،‬ﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻱ ﺇﺗﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﻼﻫﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺷﻴﻨﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺗﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻴﻦ‪،‬ﻣﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻎ‪ ،‬ﺟﻲ ﺇﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﻧﻎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻱ ﺇﺗﺶ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻮ‪ ،‬ﺟﻲ ﺇﻛﺲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪" (2018‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ" (‪Zhu, XQ )2015‬ﻭ ‪ QD‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﺮﺍﺕﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻫﺎﺭﺍﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﻣﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡﺍﻟﺘﺒﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﺴﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻦ‪،‬ﺑﻲ ﺇﻡ ﺳﻲ ﻟﻸﺑﺤﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‪.2018 ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،(1)11 ،‬ﺹ ‪.5-1‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪،‬ﺇﻱ ﺇﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻳﻠﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬ﺭ )‪(2015‬‬ ‫‪Tonouhewa, ABN, Akpo, Y., Sessou, P., Adoligbe, C., Yessinou, E.,‬‬
‫"ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﻮﻝ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻧﻤﺎﻧﻮ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻱ ﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻮﺟﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻡ ﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺳﺎﻭ‪ ،‬ﺁﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻭﺟﻮ‪ ،‬ﺇﺱ‪' (2017) .‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔﺍﻟﺪﻗﻬﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ"‪،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ ﺑﺄﺳﻴﻮﻁ ﺝﺃﻭﺭﻧﺎﻝ‪،(145)61 ،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕﻣﻦ ‪ 22‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.31‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺗﻠﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺑﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮﻱ‪ ،(2)10 ،‬ﺹ‬
‫‪.208-194‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪،‬ﺇﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪.‬ﻩ‪' (2018) .‬ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﻣﻔﺘﺶ‪,‬‬
‫‪'،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ‪IgA‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪Tonouhewa, ABN, Akpo, Y., Sherasiya, A., Sessou, P., Adinci, JM,‬‬
‫‪IgM‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،(22) 2 ،‬ﺹ ‪.5-1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢﻣﺼﻠﻲ ﻟـ" (‪، I.، Assogba، MN and Farougou، S. )2019‬‬
‫‪Aplogan، GL، Youssao‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﺴﻮﺑﻼﺯﻣﺎﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﻦ‪،‬ﻏﺮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪,‬‬

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