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EU 1 Module 1 PART I - Engineering Utilities, The course

focuses on the environmental systems in buildings.
civil engineering (University of the Cordilleras)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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EU 1
ENGINEERING UTILITIES

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Introduction to Electricity

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Electricity
electron in motion

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William Gilbert
Father of electricity
English physicist
Published:
Electric Attraction
Electric Force

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ELECTRICITY

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ELECTRON
negative charge of
electricity

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PROTON
positive charge of
electricity

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NEUTRON
no electric charge

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That, all matters are made up of molecules.

That , molecules are made up of atoms.

That, atom contains neutrons, electrons and

Theory: protons

That, neutron is neutral. It is neither positive

or negatively charged.

That, the electron of an atom of any substance

could be transformed into another atom.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

ION VOLT OR AMPERE WATT CIRCUIT RESISTANCE

– A LOSS OR VOLTAGE - THE STANDARD - IS THE RATE - REFERS TO - THE FRICTION
GAIN OF ONE OR - THE UNIT USED IN OR MEASURE OF THE WIRE OR OPPOSITION
MORE ELECTROMOTIVE MEASURING THE POWER USED OR INSTALLATIONS TO THE FLOW OF
ELECTRONS FORCE STRENGTH OF CONSUMED THAT SUPPLY CURRENT BY
AN ELECTRIC CURRENT TO THE WIRES AND
CURRENT LIGHT AND TRANSFORMERS
CONVENIENT
OUTLETS

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Factors that Influences Conductor Resistance

Composition of the Conductor

Length of Wire
This refers to a conductor having
The longer the wire, the higher
free electrons that has low
resistance.
resistance.

Cross Sectional Area of Wire Temperature

The bigger the cross-sectional area Metal offers high resistance to high
of wire, the lower its resistance. temperature (heat).

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Electric current
Electric Current is the flow or rate of flow of electric force in a
conductor. A current will only flow if a circuit is formed comprising a
complete loop and contains all the following required components.

1. Source of voltage
2. A closed loop of wiring
3. An electric load
4. A means of opening and closing the circuit

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ELECTRIC CURENT IS
CLASIFFIED AS:

Direct Current (DC) flows in one direction. Alternating Current (AC) electricity
The flow is said to be from negative to constantly reverses its direction of flow. It
positive. is generated by machine called generator.

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Impedance, the electrical

term for Friction in AC
However, both are
electricity.
expressed in the unit of
measure called Ohms.
In a direct current DC circuit,
this Impedance is called
Resistance.

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In electric circuit, the current is proportional with the voltage and

inversely proportional with the circuit resistance or load. Thus:

The higher the voltage, the The higher the resistance,

larger the current. the lower the current.

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DC electricity, where:
Ohms law I = current (amp or a)
V = voltage
R = resistance for DC electricity

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AC Electricity, where:
Ohms law I = current (amp or a)
V = voltage
Z = impedance

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Comparison of AC and DC
electricity
DC - Power is the product of voltage and current

AC - the product of volts and amperes is equal to the

quantity called volt-ampere

Conversion of volt-ampere to watts or power

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OHM’S LAW
George Simon Ohm (1926)
German scientist

Law states that “The higher the voltage, the

larger the current, and the higher the
resistance, the lower the current"

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The relationship between the current, voltage and resistance

is presented in the following equations known as the Ohms
Law.

Where:
I = Current flow (amperes)
V = Electromotive force (volts)
R = Resistance (Ohms)

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• Voltage electrical pressure (volts)

• Current (Ampere)
To Find the:

• Resistance(ohms)

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Example 1:
A 12 ampere electric fan and blower with a power factor of 0.85 was connected to a
240 volts convenient outlet. Calculate power in the circuit.

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Example 2:
Determine the current flow in a circuit having a resistance of 5 ohm on 120 volts and
240 volts current supply.

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Example 3:
A circuit has resistance of 20 Ohms and the current flows at 12 amperes. Determine
the voltage.

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Thank you.

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