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CHAPTER III

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This chapter presents the materials and methods that will be used to get the data needed

for the study. It includes the research plan, the location of the study, the research tool, the

experimental methods, and the statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

Factorial research design is being utilized in this study. This type of design involves

manipulating two or more independent variables at all possible combinations to analyze their

individual and combined effects on the dependent variable (Cherry, 2017). Additionally, a

factorial design uses two or more factors in a way that employs all possible combinations of

selected values for each variable (Soni, 2022). By using the factorial design, all the combinations

of these independent variables will be examined to analyze the effects on the dependent variable

which is the compressive strength and durability of the hollow blocks. This design provides a

comprehensive perspective on the impact of different ratios of rubber, shell, and tin can wastes

on the final result of the hollow blocks.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted in Barangay 29, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte. The researchers

will gather the materials needed from different sources. The rubber wastes were collected from a

vulcanizing shop in Laoag City. The shell wastes were collected from Kamalig Grill and

Restaurant, Yamashita Restaurant, and Above Sea Level Restaurant. Used tin cans were
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collected from local junk shops and households in Laoag City. The compressive strength and

durability tests will be conducted at the CIT MMSU (College of Industrial and Technology,

Mariano Marcos State University) in Laoag City.

Research Instrument

The process of data collection will entail the utilization of observation as a research tool.

The approach involves the systematic observation and documentation of events or behaviors to

gather data. The research uses the method of observation to gather data from observation on the

different ratios of the hollow blocks produced using the additives of rubber, shell, and tin can

wastes. The objective is to evaluate the value of using these additives in the production of hollow

blocks by conducting a durability test through an observation sheet.

Experimental Procedure

Materials

• Cement • Rubber wastes

• Sand • Shell wastes

• Water • Tin Can wastes

Methods

1. Gathering and Cleaning of Materials

Rubber, Shells, and Tin Can wastes were collected from various locations in

Laoag City.

2. Pulverize the Rubber, Shell, and Tin Can Wastes

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The rubber and tin can wastes were cut into small pieces using scissors while

observing safety precautions such as the utilization of protective gear like gloves and

goggles. The shells were pulverized using a pulverized machine.

3. Preparing Treatments

The amount of rubber, shell, and tin can wastes was weighed and proportioned.

a. Treatment 1. The cement weighed 1.5 kg, 6 kg of sand, 0.25 kg of

rubber, 0.50 kg of shell, and 0.125 kg of tin can.

b. Treatment 2. The cement weighed 1.5 kg, 6 kg of sand, 0.50 kg of

rubber, 0.25 kg of shell, and 0.125 kg of tin can.

4. Mixing of Materials

The cement and sand were mixed using a garden shovel and designated water.

Then, after having a sticky mixture, the designated measurement of crushed rubber, shell,

and tin can was poured and mixed well in order to have good concrete hollow blocks.

5. Molding the Mixture of the Materials

The prepared treatments were poured onto the hollow blocks molder, then the

concrete aggregates compacted into the molder to mold concrete hollow blocks.

6. Curing the Products

Curing the product starts by watering using a sprinkler every day in 7 days, to

attain the curing period of cement. It is to see if it is able to attain the standards in less

than the average amount of time.

7. Testing the Products

The researchers requested help from MMSU CIT to conduct the compressive

strength testing. The researchers will bring a total of nine (9) hollow blocks, which
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include three samples of commercial hollow blocks, three samples of treatment 1, and

three samples of treatment 2. The researchers are going to acquire a total of nine (9)

hollow blocks, which include three samples of commercial hollow blocks, three samples

of treatment 1, and three samples of treatment 2. The samples will be tested to a series of

three compressive strength laboratory tests in order to identify any differences between

them. The durability of the product will be determined by means of a drop test. A

durability assessment will be conducted using an evaluation sheet.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

The data will be analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), which will be used to

determine significant differences between the means of the three groups. Analysis of Variance

(ANOVA) is a statistical formula used to compare variances across the means (or average) of

different groups. A range of scenarios is used to determine if there is any difference between the

means of different groups. ANOVA helps us compare the properties of hollow blocks made with

different types of additives which are rubber, shell, and tin can wastes. It guides us to test

whether the differences in hollow block properties among the additive groups are statistically

significant or simply due to chance. ANOVA also lets us do more analyses to look for specific

changes between the additive groups. By using ANOVA, we can figure out how rubber, shell,

and tin can wastes affect the qualities of hollow blocks and draw conclusions from the data.