UTILIZING CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA) WASTEWATER AS AN

ADHESIVE

VENYLE B. VILLANUEVA

YDA KRISTIE HINAMPAS

SHELINA C. OBNIMAGA

HALLY HANSEN DALMAN

IVAN JOE GUMITER

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 Chapter I

The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction and its Background

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Statement of the Problem

This study intends to determine the viability of using cassava (manihot esculenta)

wastewater as an adhesive.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the composition of cassava as an adhesive?

2. What is the efficiency of cassava wastewater as a binding material (adhesive) in

terms of?

2.1. stickiness; and

2.2. durability?

3. How effective is cassava wastewater as an adhesive in:

3.1. Paper

3.2. Wood

3.3. Fabric

4. Is there a significant difference in the effectiveness of cassava wastewater as a

binding material between the different materials in terms of stickiness and

durability?

Null Hypothesis

1. There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of cassava wastewater

between the different materials in terms of stickiness and durability.

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Significance of the study

The researchers conducted this study intending to produce an organic and non-

toxic adhesive for consumers. It also intends to measure the effectiveness of the product.

The findings of this study will provide information about cassava and help future

beneficiaries.

Environment. The cassava wastewater used was from fresh cassavas grated by a cook

when making desserts. It lessens cassava wastewater in the environment, making it an

eco-friendly product.

Cassava-related Business Owners. The result of this study may provide cassava-

related businesses with useful information about the potential of cassava wastewater as a

new organic and environmentally friendly adhesive or glue. 

Consumers. The adhesive produced in this study is completely safe. The ingredients

used is organic and does not have any harmful substances on it. It is also much cheaper

since cassava wastewater were reused to accomplish this product.

Students. It helps in attaining more knowledge about cassava and the usefulness of its

wastewater. 

Future Researchers. This study would serve as reference material and a guide for future

researchers who wish to conduct research related to cassava as a binding material/glue/

adhesive.

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Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Content. This research revolves around the idea of making adhesive or glue out

of cassava wastewater.

Setting. The experimentation of the study will happen at Purok 2 273, Sta. Isabel,

Dipolog City.

Time. This study will take about three months to finish. 

Materials: To conduct our research on the "utilizing cassava (manihot esculenta)

wastewater as an adhesive," we will be using tanan materials

Equipment: This study used ang gigamit pagluto.

Subject. The researcher conducted the study to test whether the cassava

wastewater would work as an adhesive on different types of material in terms of its

stickiness and durability.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the current study, the following terms are

defined in the context of this research.

Rice Husk Ash.

Hollow Block.

Durability.

References:

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

To provide guidance for the entire experimentation for this study, this chapter

provides the sort of research design the researcher will use, the materials and equipment

to be used, the flowchart of processes, and the details of the operations.

Subject of the Study

The Subject of the Study includes your population and the sample.  It
applies the sampling techniques to obtain a good sample of the study.
Your sample should be valid and reliable.

Research Design

The Experimental Research Design will be used in this study because this study

involves the first set of variables act as a constant, used to measure the differences of the

second set. The packaging paper with 10%, 15%, and 20% concentration of rice husk ash

is the experimental group while the standard hollow block with no rice husk ash is the

control group.

In this study, the researchers are going to use nine (9) hollow blocks with rice

husk ash for the experimental group and three (3) standard hollow blocks for the control

group. The first three (3) hollow blocks contain 10% rice husk ash. The second three (3)

hollow blocks contain 15% rice husk ash. The remaining three (3) hollow blocks contain

20% rice husk ash. There will be three (3) replicates for each parameter in both

experimental and control group. To determine the efficiency of rice husk ash on both

experimental and control group, capacity and durability will be used as a parameter.

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Research Respondents

The respondents of the researchers’ research survey are the Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand students at Saint Vincent’s

College Incorporated (SVCI).

Research Instruments

The researchers used a self-made questionnaire that is divided into two (2) parts:

A. Demographic Profile: name, age, and sex and B. Likert Scale to identify the efficiency

of cassava as an adhesive to three materials in terms of stickiness and durability. It will

consist of one question that will be rated using five (5) following points:

Table 1. Five Point Likert Scale

CONTINUUM DESCRIPTION

5 HIGHLY SATISFIED

4 SATISFIED

3 NEUTRAL

2 DISSATISFIED

1 HIGHLY DISSATISFIED

Materials and Equipment

Materials

MGA GAMIT WITH PICS

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 GIGAMIT PANLUTO WTH PICS

APRON, FACEMASK, GLOVES NA PIC (OKAY RA NA

MAGSEARCH, ANG LINK SA GIKWAAN SA PIC IBUTANG SA UBOS SA PIC

AND BUTNGI UG, RETRIEVED FROM *LINK*)

BUTNGI SAB UG NGALAN UG UNSA NA SYA NA MATERIAL TAS PARA ASA.

EX. Knife and Chopping Board. This will be used to panit the cassava to chu2

Data Collection Procedure

Flow Chart

A. COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF

MATERIALS

B. BURNING OF RICE HUSK ASH

C. COMPARING STANDARD HOLLOW BLOCK

AND HOLLOW BLOCK WITH RICE HUSK ASH

D. EVALUATION OF HOLLOW BLOCK WITH

RICE HUSK ASH

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 FigureSTATISTICAL TREATMENT
1. Flowchart of Data Collection Procedure

Details of the Procedure

A. Collection and Preparation of Materials

The cassava is bought from Dipolog Central Public Martket located at

Rizal Avenue, Dipolog City, and the other markets of Dipolog City. Sumpayi

lang ni kung unsa pay gibuhat ani na time

B. Making of Glue/Adhesive out of Cassava Wastewater

Procedure sa paggama. Dapat specific na kung giunsa jud to paggama

sugod sa pagpanit taman sa pagbutang sa container and paggamit

C. Comparing the Cassava

While conducting a survey, we will use the 5-Point Likert Scale (Highly Satisfied,

Satisfied, Neutral, Dissatisfied, Highly Dissatisfied). The respondents will compare

the adhesive. Dungagi lang ni

D. Evaluation of Cassa-made adhesive

Statistical Treatment

Ibutang diri ag mga formula na mggamit nato para maanswerang ang sop, lantawa

ang atong action research aron makabalo kung unsaon ni paggama

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 Chapter III
Research Methodology

Methodology has several parts namely: the subject of the study, the
procedure and the statistical treatment

1. The Subject of the Study

The Subject of the Study includes your population and the sample.  It
applies the sampling techniques to obtain a good sample of the study.
Your sample should be valid and reliable.

2. The Procedure
The Procedure is the step by step and systematic process of doing your
research.  It includes the materials with right amount of measurements, the
appropriate equipment to be used in doing the scientific investigation.  It
consists of several trials with control variables, independent variables and
dependent variables.  Gathering of data is essential in any kind of research.
It is recommended to use control and experimental set-ups to arrive at
valid conclusion.

3. Research Design
The Research Design may be shown through Theoretical Framework or
Conceptual Framework wherein the researcher plans and designs his
study with significant theories, concepts and connections. It shows the
input, intervention and output of the study.

4. The Statistical Treatment

The Statistical Treatment comes in various ways.  It can be mean, median,
mode, percentage, Chi-square, standard deviation, T-test, Pearson r,
Spearman rank or AnoVa I or AnoVa II.  It is recommended to use T-test in
any experimental research.

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Methodology has several parts namely: the subject of the study, the procedure and the
11
statistical treatment

The Subject of the Study

The Subject of the Study includes your population and the sample. It applies the sampling

techniques to obtain a good sample of the study. Your sample should be valid and

reliable.

2. The Procedure

The Procedure is the step by step and systematic process of doing your research. It

includes the materials with right amount of measurements, the appropriate equipment to

be used in doing the scientific investigation. It consists of several trials with control

variables, independent variables and dependent variables. Gathering of data is essential in

any kind of research. It is recommended to use control and experimental set-ups to arrive

at valid conclusion.

3. Research Design

The Research Design may be shown through Theoretical Framework or Conceptual

Framework wherein the researcher plans and designs his study with significant theories,

concepts and connections. It shows the input, intervention and output of the study.

4. The Statistical Treatment

The Statistical Treatment comes in various ways. It can be mean, median, mode,

12
percentage, Chi-square, standard deviation, T-test, Pearson r, Spearman rank or AnoVa I

or AnoVa II. It is recommended to use T-test in any experimental research.

Rrl

Cassava wastewater

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