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Chart of the Endocrine Glands and their secretions (10.2)

Gland Hormone Target Tissue(s) Function
Hypothalamus Stimulating Hormones Anterior Pituitary Regulates the secretion of anterior
pituitary hormones
Anterior Pituitary Prolactin (PRL) Mammary Glands Stimulates breast development and
milk production
Growth Hormone (GH) Bones, and Soft tissue Stimulates the growth of bones and
soft tissues; helps to control the
metabolism of glucose and other fuel
molecules
Thyroid-stimulating Thyroid Gland Stimulates the secretion of thyroid
hormone (TSH) hormones and the growth of the
thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic Adrenal cortex Stimulates the secretion of
Hormone (ACTH) glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex

Follicle-stimulating Ovaries in Females Stimulates egg growth and

Hormone (FSH) development and secretion of sex
hormones in females
Testes in Males Stimulates sperm production in
males
Luteinizing Hormone Ovaries in Females Regulates ovulation in females
(LH) Testes in Males  Secretion of sex hormones in
males
Melanocyte-stimulating Melanocytes in the skin Promotes darkening of the skin
Hormone (MSH) of some vertebrates

Endorphins Pain pathways in the Inhibit the perception of pain

nervous system
Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone Kidneys Increases blood volume and pressure
(ADH) by increasing H20 reabsorption in the
kidneys
Oxytocin Uterus, mammary Promotes uterine contractions;
Glands stimulates milk release from the
breast
Thyroid Calcitonin Bones Lowers the calcium concentration in
the blood
Thyroxine and Most cells Increases metabolic rate; essential
Triiodothyronine (T4/ for body growth
T3 Respectively)
Parathyroid Parathyroid Hormone Bones, Kidneys and Raises calcium concentration in the
(PTH) intestines blood/stimulate vitamin D activation

Adrenal medulla Epinephrine and Receptor sites Contribute to the body’s responses
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(inner layer the Norepinephrine throughout the body to stress. Epinephrine is adrenaline
kidneys) and norepinephrine boost the
adrenaline
Adrenal cortex Aldosterone Kidney tubules Helps control the salt-water balance
(outer layer of the (mineralocorticoid) in the body by increasing Na+
kidneys) reabsorption and K+ excretion in the
kidneys
Cortisol (Glucocorticoid) Most body cells, Increases the blood-glucose level by
particularly muscle, liver promoting breakdown of proteins
and adipose(fat) cells and fats
Pineal Gland Melatonin Brain, anterior pituitary Helps to synchronize the body’s
gland, reproductive biological clock with day length; may
organs, immune system inhibit gonadotropins (FSH and LH)
and possibly others and the initiation of puberty
Pancreas (islets of Glucagon (secreted by Liver -Raises blood-glucose level by
Langerhans) alpha cells from the stimulating the breakdown of
islets) glycogen into glucose in the liver
-Stimulates the breakdown of fats
into fatty acids and proteins into
amino acids
Insulin (Secreted by beta Skeletal Muscles, liver, -Stimulates uptake of glucose by the
cells from the islets) adipose tissue cells in order to bring down a high
blood-sugar level
-promotes uptake of fatty acid and
storage in adipose tissues
-inhibits the breakdown of fats into
fatty acids and protein into amino
acids
-lowers amino acid levels by
inhibiting the breakdown of protein
into amino acid and promote the
protein synthesis of amino acid