Report

on

Experiential Learning Programme

PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND NURSERY

ASPECT (HRT416)

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS.) IN AGRICULTURE

Submitted by

PRAVIN GHIMIRE

Under supervision of

Dr. Vimal Chaudhary

School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University,

Phagwara-144401, Punjab, India

1
 Declaration

I, hereby declare that the report presented herein under Experiential Learning Programme
Module “PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND NURSERY ASPECT” is
an authentic record of work carried out at Lovely Professional University, Punjab as
requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) in Agriculture, under the guidance
of Dr. VIMAL CHAUDHARY Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture , School
of Agriculture and no part of this has been copied from any other sources.

Signature:

Supervisor

Dr. Vimal Chaudhary

Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture ,
School of Agriculture,
Lovely Professional University,
Phagwara-144401, Punjab.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have successfully completed my report in the course- PRODUCTION OF

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND NURSERY ASPECT. I, specially thank my supervisor
Dr. Vimal Chaudhary for teaching and guiding me on PRODUCTION OF
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND NURSERY ASPECT, from beginning till the end. This
wouldn`t have been completed successfully without his guidance. Even I would like to thanks
my HRT(416)– ELP`s teammates for working together in group and completing the assign
task properly in time. Also, a special thanks to other staffs , workers and Dean for making us
learn in through situation by keeping their hearts in work.

Thank You

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

SN. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1. Abstract 5

2. Introduction 6-7

3. Review of literature 8-9

4. Material and methodology 10-18

5. Result and discussion 19

6. Summary and conclusion 20

7. Reference 21

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 ABSTRACT

A novel method of education based on Experiential Learning Programme (ELP) has been introduced in the

agricultural education system through Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Conceptualized for building

skills in project development and execution, decision-making, individual and team coordination, approach to

problem solving, accounting, quality control, marketing and resolving conflicts, etc. The programme is

designed with end to end approach. It is an essential prerequisite for the award of B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture

degree has been reorienting graduates of Agriculture for ensuring and assuring employability and

entrepreneur mind-set. Experiential learning is a business curriculum-related endeavour which is interactive.

ELP offers numerous benefits to participants. Firstly, it promotes active engagement and motivation, as

learners become active agents in their own learning process. Secondly, it cultivates a range of transferable

skills, including communication, collaboration, adaptability, and leadership, which are highly valued in

today's dynamic work environments. Thirdly, ELP enhances personal and social development, promoting

self-confidence, empathy, cultural awareness, and a sense of responsibility.

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 INTRODUCTION

ELP Module- Experimental Learning Programme:

This Programme engages students in critical thinking, problem solving, and, decision making
in context that are personally relevant to them. This approach to learning also involves making
opportunities for debriefing and consolidation of ideas and skills through feedback, reflection,
and the application of the ideas and skills to new situations.

It is the process of learning through experience, and is more specifically defined as ―learning
through reflection on doing‖. Hands-on learning or training can be form of experimental
learning but does not necessarily involve students reflecting on their comparatively passive
role.

Objectives of ELP:

1. The learners will be willing to be actively involved in the experience.

2. The learners are able to reflect on the experience.
3. The learners possess and use analytical skills to conceptualize the experience.
4. The learners posses decision making and problem-solving skills in order to use the new
ideas gained from the experience the elements of the experiential learning.
5. The learners develop guidelines for teaching through experiential approaches.
6. To relate experiential learning to education for sustainable future.

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 ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

Plants grow all over the world in different sizes, shapes and appearance. Some provides us
with food, shelter or building materials, while others provide us with only visual delight.
Ornamental Plants are also referred to as garden plants have beauty as its main trait. They
are usually grown in the flower garden for the display of their flowers.It is a plant primarily
grown for its beauty either for screening, accent, specimen, color or aesthetic reasons.
Common ornamental features include leaves, stem and bark. Ornamental plants are
generally used for landscaping. Landscape gardening also plays a vital role in giving
emphasis to the tourist business by improving aesthetic and functionals uses of historical
places, sea breaches, rivers and dams, hill stations and other tourist places.

USES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS :

1. They absorb carbon dioxide from the air and output oxygen; creating cleaner air. This is
especially important in cities that are prone to pollution. When used indoors, they help
purify the air and create a pleasant atmosphere.
2. Outdoor ornamentals help beautify the lanscape and create an appealing environment.
3. Some ornamentals can be used for medicinal purposes example bryophyllum used to treat
cough, asthma, skin ulcers, diabetes mellitus etc.
4. Ornamentals can be used for decorations during occations
5. It also serves as a source of live medicines and herbal taste in prepared food and tea. It also
helps in soil-moisture retention; prevent erosion, modifying air temperature, creating
microclimate andremoval of noise and dust pollution..

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 REVIEW OF LITRATURE :

Henley and Robinson, et.al., (1993); Syngonium podophyllum schott, commonly known

asarrowhead vine, goosefoot plant or nephthytis is the most widely produced in the foliage

plantindustry as potted plants, hanging baskets or on poles as climbers.

Esteban J (2010) Schefflera arboricola is a flowering plant in the family Araliaceae, native to

Taiwan and Hainan (China) Its common name is dwarf umbrella tree‖ and is the smaller version of

the Schefflera actinophylla.It is evergreen shrub growing to 3-4m height, often trailing stems

scrambling over other vegetation. The leaves are palmate compound, with 7-9 leaflets, the leaflet 9

20 cm long and 4-10 cm broad (though often smaller in cultivation). The flowers are green in color

and produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7-10 mm diameter with 5-10

flowers.It is popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing condition. It can be easily

propagated through air layering seed and cutting takes semi-ripe stem cuttings in spring or summer.

The types of cuttings include root cuttings; stem tip cutting,bud cuttings, and leaf cuttings.

Steinkellner H, Mun-Sik K, Helma C, Ecker S, Ma TH, Horak O, Kundi M and Knasmuller S

1998. The plant chosen for biomonitoring in the present study was the Tradescantia pallida var.

Purpurea, a species of ornamental Commelinaceae family. This plantwas chosen because of its wide

distribution in the city of Sao Paulo and it is a plant that propagates easily, even in regions of high

pollution level, as the center of Sao Paulo. The harmful effects of environmental pollution have

been evidenced by micronucleus assays usingthe species T. pallida. It has been found that the more

micronucleus was formed, when morepolluted is the air.

Archer, C. 2003 Chlorophytum comosum is easily propagated by division or from the plantlets on

the inflorescences. The plantlets can be transferred directly to small containers. Itcan also be grown

from seed whichis best sown during spring or summer in a warm, shady position in a sandy slightly

acidic soil. Cover with a thin layer of sand and keep moist. Germination is usually within 3 weeks.

Seedlings grow fast and are best planted out as soon as they are big enough to handle. Plants react

well to organic feeding (compost or any other liquid fertilizer). Chlorophytum comosum is best
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watered throughout the year.

Hartmann et al., 2002 the vegetative propagation by stem cuttings has the ability to produce a

large number of young plants from a single parent plant, thus it is a useful technique in conservation

of endangered plants and rapid propagation of new cultivars. There are several factors that can

affect the rooting potential of stem cuttings including species and specific cultivar needs, the source,

position, and type of cutting taken; juvenility and condition ofstock plant; wounding or leaf

removal; stock plant etiolation and girdling; cuttingdate.

Kelty, M.M. 1984 stem cutting of hibiscus cultivars vary in the capacity to initiate adventitious

roots, with large flowered types requiring longer periods and developing fewer roots.

Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, 2020. Smithsonian museum of natural history botany

collections. Washington, DC, USA Tabernaemontana divaricata is a shrub to small tree native to Asia

(USDA-ARS, 2020). It is cultivated as an ornamental and medicinal plant in the tropics and subtropics

worldwide (Useful Tropical Plants, 2020). The species is reported from North America, Central America, the

Caribbean, South America, Africa, Asia and Oceania (See Distribution Table for details; Acevedo-Rodríguez

and Strong, 2012; African Plant Database, 2020; Flora do Brasil, 2020; Flora of China Editorial Committee,

2020 flowers of india , 2020 Hanelet

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 MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY :

The present investigation was carried out under field condition in the ―Agricultural Research Field,
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411.
Geographical location: °15'22.3"N 75°42'18.6"E
Climatic condition: Humid, average temperature ranges from 35 – 45 degree Celsius

WEEDING OF THE ALOCATED LAND : .

The allocated land has been weeded and cleared, creating a clean area for preparing the beds.

Nursery beds preparation: After ploughing of fields we started preparing nursery beds with the help
of spade.

Poly bags filling: Potting mixture is prepared with a ratio of 1:1:1:1 all in equal quantities.

Pertlite + vermiculite + Vermicompost + Soil + Cocopeat = Media

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PREPARATION OF IBA SOLUTION: Indole -3-butyric acid (IBA)
PROCEDURE:
Added 500mg of indole-3-butyric powder in a conical flask.

 Add 20 ml ethyle alcohol to dissolve the IBA powder properly.

 Then we took 1 litre of distilled water and mix the IBA solution thoroughly

. This is the procedure followed to make 500ppm of IBA solution.

SOWING OF FLOWERS IN POLYBAGS :

We got the flowers from the previous ELP students plot and from the shednet polyhouse and
we transferred the flowers in the Polybags .

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Flowers which are sown are listed bellow :

SN. Name of Plants

1. Purple heart

2. Periwinkle

3. Syngonium

4. Turtle vine

5. Spider plant

6. Portulaca

7. Cockscomb

PREPERATION OF CHRYSYNTHEUM CUTTINGS :

We have prepared the cuttings of the chrysanthemum from the field itself and sown in portrays under
the polyhouse where the environment i:e temperature and humidy are well maintained
and portrays have been filled with the media which are cocopeat , perlite and vermiculite under the
ratio of 3:1:1

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Then we transferred the cuttings which have been sown in portrays inside the polyhouse to grow more
.

REGULAR ACTIVITIES
Some activities we do almost daily like watering of plants

. Arranging the plants in an order based on the variety

. Removing dead and decaying leaves in the polybags.

 Weeding is also done almost weekly once

. Cleaning of plot area by removing the empty polybags etc.

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 About chrysanthemum :
Chrysanthemums, sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the

genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. They are native to East Asia and northeastern

Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the center of diversity is in China.

Countless horticultural varieties and cultivars exist

CLASSIFICATION :
Scientific name: Chrysanthemum
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Kingdom: Plantae
INTRODUCTION :

Chrysanthemums, often referred to as "mums," are beautiful flowering plants that belong to the Asteraceae
family, which also includes daisies and sunflowers. These vibrant and diverse flowers are native to Asia and
Northeastern Europe, with a rich cultural significance in countries like Japan and China.

Chrysanthemums come in various shapes, sizes, and colors, making them popular choices in gardens, floral
arrangements, and cultural ceremonies. Their blooms can range from delicate, daisy-like petals to pompom-
shaped or decorative spider-like forms, showcasing a spectrum of colors from white, yellow, and pink to deep
reds and purples.

These resilient flowers have earned various symbolic meanings across cultures, often associated with joy,
longevity, and optimism. In many countries, chrysanthemums hold a special place in festivals and
celebrations, honoring their beauty and significance.

Due to their versatility, striking appearance, and cultural relevance, chrysanthemums continue to captivate
gardeners, artists, and flower enthusiasts around the world.

Chrysanthemum cuttings will root in 3 to 4 weeks. When the roots are 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, remove the
cuttings and plant them into small pots containing fresh potting soil or plant them directly into the garden.

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PREPARATION OF BEDS FOR ANNUAL FLOWERS :

Annual flowers:

Annual flowers are plants that complete their entire life cycle—germination, growth, flowering, seed
production, and death—within a single growing season. Unlike perennials, which live for multiple years,
annuals typically grow, bloom, set seed, and die within one year.

These plants offer a burst of color and beauty to gardens, often blooming continuously throughout the
growing season. Popular annual flowers include marigolds, petunias, zinnias, cosmos, impatiens, and
sunflowers, among many others. Annuals come in various shapes, sizes, and colors, providing gardeners with
a wide range of options to suit their preferences and gardening needs.

One of the advantages of annuals is their ability to adapt to different environmental conditions and provide a
quick display of color and blooms. They are often used to fill garden spaces, create borders, adorn containers,
or complement perennial plants. Gardeners appreciate annuals for their versatility, allowing them to
experiment with different combinations and designs in their landscapes year after year.

While annuals complete their life cycle within a year, many produce seeds that can scatter and grow new
plants in the following seasons, either through self-seeding or with the help of gardeners who collect and sow
the seeds.

Whether planted in flowerbeds, containers, or hanging baskets, annual flowers contribute vibrant and seasonal
beauty to gardens, parks, and landscapes, making them a beloved choice for garden enthusiasts worldwide.

Preparation of beds :

SOWING OF ANNUALS IN BEDS:

We have sown the seeds of sixteen different flower species of annuals in the beds

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The annuals which we have sown in the beds are as following :

1) pansy Swiss giant mixed

2) carnation giant chaubad mixed

3) sweet pea Royal Family mixed

4) dahila beauty mixed

5) burf heavens mixed

6) metricaria gold Star

7) ornamental kalo fringed leave

8) cineria hansa

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9) French marigold dbl bicolor

10) callendula ext dbl orange

11) Dahlia beauty mixed

12) Gazania

13) Marigold dhan basanti

15) Metricaria gold Star

16) Petunia N.C mixed

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DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES WE ARE PARTICIPATED ;

CHRYSANTHEMUM FLOWER EXHIBATION;

We have participated and sold few plants in Spring Flower Show to improve entreprenuership skills and
earned Rs.1600.

Pic : chrysanthemum flower show

Pic : happy customers

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 RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
After many proper irrigations, sunlight, humidity, water, nutrients from media leading to a new growth.
Too much of water is not supplied so till date none of the cuttings got rotten. No sunburns due to
sunlight because they were placed in partial sunlight. Generally, each plant will have differenttime for
root intitiation. Each and every cutting started forming new leaves which is a sign of root growth. Slanting
cut at the base is given so that a large area of the cuttings is in contact with the rooting medium for
inducing roots. The secretion of hormones at the bud near the cut portion inducesrooting. Straight cut at
upper end reduces transpiration loss, which can be inhibited by the applicationof wax.

Purple pink

Chrysanthemum varities Morifolium

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 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

Human nutrition is significantly influenced by horticulture. It is essential to riches. The majority of

horticultural crops are vegetatively propagated, necessitating nursery units. The practise of plant propagation
is crucial in gardening. Unexpectedly, stem cutting is the most often used technique for growing new plants.
Cuttings of the stem and roots are a vegetative method of plant propagation. The quickest, easiest, and most
cost-effective technique of cloning a plant is this one. New plants created by stem and root cuttings retain the
mother plant's traits without displaying any differences. Home landscaping is a highly private process.
Landscape designers and garden architects are becoming a common sight in contemporary society. To. Stem
and root cuttings are used to multiply a lot of plants. We may see the growth in bougainvillaea, hibiscus,
crape jasmine, alternanthera, purple heart, dracaena, umbrella plant, euphorbia, coleus, and tredencasia in
these plants where stem cuttings are done. The usually utilised hormone for stimulating roots in stem cutting
is IBA. The quick dip approach, which is employed in this procedure to treat cuttings with growth regulating
compounds, is particularly successful. The majority of plant propagators use it when growing plants from
cuttings. root cuttings devoid of IBA. to grow a plant that has the same genetic makeup as the mother plant
asexual and clonal asexual (vegetative) propagation is needed. Propagation by the rooting of cuttings. The
new plant will be identical to the parent plant. For instance, the new plant developed from the cutting will
have the same variegated (multi colored) leaf as the original plant. The young plant will be female if the
parent plant is female. You may preserve a plant's unique qualities by propagating it from cuttings. Seed-
grown plants frequently differ from their parent plants and from one another. Cutting-based plant propagation
eliminates the challenges associated with seed-based propagation. For instance, you may grow a young tree
that hasn't blossomed using cuttings. Additionally, it might take two to three years for certain seeds to sprout,
making them tough to grow. Usually, a new plant developed from a cutting would mature more quickly and
flower sooner than a plant grown from a seed.

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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nazari-
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Different-Pot-Mixtures-on-Pothos-Epipremnum-aureum-Lindl-and-Andre-Golden-Pothos-Growth-and-
Development.pdf

https://journals.ashs.org/jashs/view/journals/jashs/117/1/article-p68.xml

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Krishan-Singh-
7/publication/343820759_A_review_Multiplication_of_Bougainvillea_species_through_cutting/links/5f429e65458
515b729492fce/A-review-Multiplication-of-Bougainvillea-species-through-cutting.pdf

https://libguides.nybg.org/c.php?g=655086&p=4597561

https://www.scientificlib.com/en/Biology/Plants/Magnoliophyta/EuphorbiaMilii01.html

https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.117946

http://opus.sanbi.org/bitstream/20.500.12143/3223/1/Chlorophytumcomosum_PlantzAfrica.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Manoj-
Suva/publication/271700372_Coleus_Species_Solenostemon_scutellarioides/links/57fc7ffc08ae6ce92eb2b9d1/Col
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