LESSON 1:

COMPARE AND
CONTRAST
PATTERNS OF
WRITTEN TEXTS
ACROSS
DISCIPLINES
PRESENTED BY:
JOHN HAROLD SANTOS
JOHN KIAN LACSINA
TOM CLARENCE ENDAYA
Objectives
• 1.Determine the purpose and structure
of comparison and contrast in writing.

• 2. Explain organizational methods used

when comparing and contrasting.

• 3. Understand how to write a compare-

and-contrast text.
• Compare and contrast are essential
skills for students to distinguish
likenesses and contrasts between
two things.
• These abilities are crucial for
cognitive advancement and
understanding of similarities and
differences.
• To effectively compare and contrast,
choose meaningful subjects and
highlight subtle differences rather
than obvious ones.
• It’s also an evaluative tool to
compare and contrast. To make
accurate assessments about a
given topic, you first need to know
the similarities and differences.
• Comparing and contrasting can be
used to evaluate employee
advancements, pay raises, hiring,
and firing, as well as to assess
individuals, departments, or
companies.
• Development patterns help us
sort out paragraphs or essays
and shape the information.
They help organize a sketch, or
they can determine the form a
paper takes depending on the
purpose. Note that most paper
would use a variety of
approaches, working together
according to each other's
functions.
THESE ARE SOME EXAMPLES
OF HOW THE METHODS CAN
HELP LIMITING THE TOPIC,
DEVELOPING A THESIS
STATEMENT, AND WRITING AN
OUTLINE.
1. NARRATION
- means to tell a story: The
history of the Love Canal

• A narration deals with

people, places,
events, dates, etc.
2. DESCRIPTION
- means to tell what something is
like.

• Describe the damage done by

pollution to a river, lake, forest,
etc. A good description will
revolve around a "dominant
impression."
3. ILLUSTRATION
- with examples means that a
generalization is supported by
specific instances.

• Food industries do not

encourage consumers to
produce less litter.
4. DEFINITION
- means to explain
what something is.

• Define "ozone
layer"
5. CLASSIFICATION
- means to sort items in order to
group together those with similar
characteristics and to distinguish
them from those with different
characteristics.

• Provide examples of how we

can reduce waste by reducing,
reusing, recycling.
6. CAUSAL ANALYSIS
- means to find the reasons
that produced a certain result or
to identify the results produced
by a certain phenomenon.

• Effects of acid rain on

vegetation.
7. ARGUMENTATION
- means to provide enough
reasons and proof to convince
the reader that a certain opinion
is valid.

• Industries do not receive

enough incentives to
reduce waste.
• Another method you can use is compare
and contrast pattern. This arranges
knowledge according to whether two or
more items (or both) are identical to or
distinct from each other.
• This is an effective pattern to use when one
subject is described in relation to another
when the reader can better understand it.
• If the reader is familiar with one subject,
the writer may compare it with another
subject or contrast it to offer an insight into
it.
• This pattern organizes knowledge
about a topic by separating it into its
"good" and "bad" sections, or the
pro and con's. It is effective to use
when a writer wishes to discuss
both sides of a problem objectively
without adopting a persuasive
stance.
• This allows the reader to weigh up
both sides of a issue. As with the
pattern of comparison-contrast,
there are several possible variations
to a pattern of advantages-
disadvantages.
 SIGNAL WORDS USED FOR
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST:
COMPARISON CONTRAST
- is similar - to - on the other hand - however
- but - in contrast to
- also - too
- differs from - while
- as well - both
- unlike

EXAMPLES:
Spring weather in Vancouver is similar to
spring weather in Halifax.
Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the
spring.
Halifax also has a rainy spring season.
Halifax has a rainy spring season, too.
As well, Halifax has rainy spring season
EXAMPLES:
On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax.
However, winter is much colder in Halifax.
Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one.
In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter.
Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter.
While Vancouver has a mild winter, Halifax has a cold
winter.
Unlike Halifax, Vancouver doesn't get much snow.
ASSESSMENT
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!