NR - L2 - CIV - 035 - Module - 1 - Management of Structural Assessment

Ref: NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD01
Issue: 1
Date: 02 December 2017
Compliance date: 02 March 2019
NR/L2/CIV/035
Module 1
Management of Structural Assessment
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party without the written permission of Network Rail.
 Copyright 2017 Network Rail.
Uncontrolled copy once printed from its electronic source.

Published and Issued by Network Rail, 2nd Floor, One Eversholt Street, London, NW1 2DN.
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Issue: 1
User information
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• Guidance should be followed unless an alternative solution produces a better result.

• Guidance is presented with a dotted green sidebar.
• Guidance is not monitored for compliance.
• Alternative solutions should be documented to demonstrate effective control.
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Compliance
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NOTE 1: Legislation includes Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSIs).
NOTE 2: The relationship of this standard/control document with legislation and/or external standards
is described in the purpose of this standard.
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1
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Issue: 1
Issue record
Issue Date Comments
1 December 2017 First Issue
Reference documentation
Railway Group Standards
GE/RT8006 Assessment of compatibility of rail vehicle weights
and underline bridges
GC/RT5100 Safe management of Structures
Network Rail Company Standards
NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02 Carry out Structural Assessment
NR/L2/CIV/035 Structural Assessments Manual
NR/L3/CIV/006 Handbook for the Examination of Structures
NR/L3/CIV/142 Manage Abnormal Load requests
NR/L3/CIV/031 Control Operation of Exceptional Loads
NR/L3/CIV/022 Restrict Use of Asset
NR/L3/CIV/021 Carry out risk assessment for non-compliant asset
NR/SP/CIV/044 Managing Structures Works
NR/L1/CIV/032 The management of Structures
NR/L3/CIV/076 Management of Risk of Bridge Strikes from Road
Vehicles and Waterborne Vessels
NR/GN/CIV/202 Management of the risk of Bridge Strikes
NR/L3/CIV/023 Assessment of Footbridges
NR/L3/CIV/024 Assessment of Operational Properties
NR/GN/CIV/025 The Structural Assessment of Underbridges
NR/L3/CIV/006/1C Handbook for the examination of Structures Part 1C:
Risk Categories and examination intervals
RT/CE/C/041 Structures Condition Marking Index Handbook for
Bridges
NR/L2/OCS/009 Network Capability Management Procedure
RT/CE/P/016 The Assessment of Bridge Capacity, June 1995
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Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 3 Section 4 (DMRB)

BD21 The assessment of highway bridges and structures
BD 37 Loads for highway bridges
BD 49 Design rules for aerodynamic effects on bridges
BD 54 Management of post-tensioned concrete bridges
BA 55 The assessment of bridge substructures and
foundations, retaining walls and buried structures
BD 60 The design of highway bridges for vehicle collision
loads
Other Documents
Research Report RR-TCE-007 The Strength of Riveted Connections, 1995
Study of Shear and Rivet Capacity of Metal Girders,
Cass Hayward and Partners, 2003
Research Report Girder Buckling Study. Determination of load carrying
capacity of half-through girders; Recommendation
Report, February 2016, Mott MacDonald
CIS Bridgeguard 3 Current Information Sheets
CETANs Civil Engineers’ Technical Advice notes
Operational Property Technical Advisory Notice v3.0
Appendix B1
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Contents
1 Purpose 6
2 Scope 6
3 Terms and abbreviations 7
4 Responsibilities and accountabilities 7
5 Procedure 8
6 Assessment Programme 11
7 Create and issue task list 17
8 Inspection for assessment and other input data 17
9 Quantitative Assessment 19
10 Technical Approval 20
11 Assessment Review 23
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12 Evaluation 32
13 Initiate actions 32
14 Records 32
Appendix A Permissible assessment techniques 33
Appendix B Assessment of modern structures 35
Appendix C Recommendations for prioritisation of structural assessments 37
Appendix D Assessed categories for footbridges, under bridges and operational
properties 40
Appendix E Review of assessment results 42
Appendix F Assessed category 44
Figure 1 Assessment process 9
Figure 2 Planned date for review of validity of the recorded load capacity of the asset12
Figure 3 – Assessment review procedure 24
Figure 4 – Assessment and intervention timescales 28
Table 1 – RACI matrix 7
Table 2 – Assessment level definition 10
Table 3 – Requirements for first time structural assessment 13
Table 4 – Re-assessment of structures 14
Table 5 – Safety measures applicable to the assessed category for all structures
(excluding fatigue) 27
Table 6 – Safety measures against fatigue for fatigue susceptible details in steel and
wrought iron underline bridges 30
Table A.1 – Permitted assessment techniques 34
Table B.1 – Criteria for structure design to modern codes 36
Table C.1 – Status of previous assessment 37
Table C.2 – Construction type, age and form of structure 38
Table C.3 – Usage and type of loading 38
Table C.4 – Condition of the structure 38
Table C.5 – Risk assessment appraisal 39
Table F.1 – Derivation of assessed category limit state principles for structures 44
Table F.2 – Values of coefficients 45
Table F.3 – Derivation of assessed category permissible stress approach structures46
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1 Purpose
This document sets out the procedures for managing the load capacity of structures
through structural assessment.
Structural assessment is a form of structural analysis that uses the existing
geometry, dimensions, material properties and contemporary condition of a structure
to understand its load capacity.
It forms part of the control barrier ‘Carry out Structural Assessment and implement
actions’ to prevent functional failure of the structure.
2 Scope
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The scope of this process relates to the structural assessment of structures (and their
elements) for which Network Rail has responsibility, either as the owner or as a result
of specific agreement.
It specifically applies to the following asset types and blocks:
a) Underline bridges
b) Overline bridges
c) Footbridges
d) Culverts (except where the primary method of support is by arching action)
e) Undercrofts
f) Canopies
g) Train and depot sheds
h) Tunnels that directly support external traffic loads
i) Side bridges
j) Other Structures where examination of condition alone is insufficient to inform
management decisions.
Further guidance on the requirements for structural assessment of different asset
types and blocks is provided in Appendix A.
This document is mandated for use by everyone managing the load capacity of
existing structures.
Do not use structural assessment techniques for design unless directed by structures
controls for ‘design, construct and commission’ or specifically instructed by a
representative of Network Rail.
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3 Terms and abbreviations

Terms and abbreviations used in this document are described in NR/L2/CIV/035.
4 Responsibilities and accountabilities

The Responsible, Accountable, Consulted and Informed (RACI) roles for the
management of structural assessments are listed in Table 1.
Resources
Responsible Engineer
Route Asset Manager
Asset Engineer
(Assessment)
Contractors
Assessor
Checker
Process task
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6.2 Identify structures requiring

A R
structural assessment
6.3 Determine the structural
A R
assessment regime
6.5 Review the validity of the
A R
recorded capacity of the asset
6.7 Re-assessment of structures A R
6.8 Risk assessment A R
6.9 Prioritisation A R
7.0 Create and issue task list A R
8.0 & 9.0 Carry out structural
R R A
assessment
10.2 Form AA technical approval A R C
10.3 Form BA technical approval A R I
11.0 Assessment Review A R
12.0 Evaluation A R
13.0 Initiate actions A R
Table 1 – RACI matrix
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5 Procedure
5.1 Structural assessments process
The objective of structural assessment is to establish the capacity of the structure to
carry existing or future loads.
The process of structural assessment as defined in Figure 1 is intended to:
a) determine, check and identify changes in the stability, load bearing capacity,
condition and use of the structure
b) define actions that are required to maintain the safe use and performance of
the railway infrastructure
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c) satisfy regulatory and other reporting requirements as well as load carrying

obligations to operators and stakeholders
d) determine whether structures remain safe to carry existing, proposed and
abnormal loads
5.2 Methods of assessment
5.2.1 Qualitative structural assessment
Qualitative assessment of structures and structural elements is a comparison of the
current structure and its required future performance, against evidence of satisfactory
past performance and condition.
The AE shall ensure that evidence of satisfactory past performance includes all of the
following:
a) the structure has demonstrated a satisfactory performance over a long period
of time (over 5 years) since any significant repairs or alterations
b) detailed close inspection does not reveal significant damage, distress or
deterioration
c) review of the structure confirms its force transfer system
d) predicted future deterioration ahead of the next management intervention will
not jeopardise safety; and
e) no significant changes in the loads and actions on the Structure are
anticipated.
The structural adequacy can be determined through an assessment of the risk taking
consideration of performance and absence of changes to condition or loading.
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Figure 1 Assessment process
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5.2.2 Quantitative structural assessment

The objective of the quantitative assessment is to determine by calculation the load
capacity of the structure, taking into account the applied loading, the condition and
dimensions of the structure.
Quantitative assessment for previously assessed structures can be a validation of the
existing calculations.
Limit state principles shall be used, where practicable.
When determining the load capacity of the structures, the Assessor should consider
all relevant factors, including but not limited to the following:
a) maximum loads (including appropriate dynamic effects) taking account of any
existing safety measures
b) condition of the structure
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c) any effects due to settlement
d) age and properties of the materials
e) construction form
f) elements and connections which are subject to high local loading.
5.2.3 Levels of assessment
Assessments should be carried out in levels. The levels have increasing refinement
from Level 0 (most simple) to Level 3 (most complex), as in Table 2.
Level Assessment definition
0 A simplified assessment based on principal checks of critical sections and
conservative load distribution.
Network Rail has developed a suite of Level 0 assessment tools to
support Level 0 assessment
First time assessment of structures using a Level 0 approach is generally
based on record information and supplementary site investigations as
determined by the Asset Engineer (AE).
1 A detailed assessment based on standard structural engineering design
principles that takes greater account of load distribution, beneficial effects
and other analytical assumptions.
First time assessment of structures using a Level 1 approach is generally
based on an Inspection for Assessment (I for A).
2 Use of more refined analysis, better structural idealisation and potentially
material test information to refine a Level 0 or Level 1 Assessment.
3 Most complex level, using some or all of: advanced analysis, statistical live
load models, load tests or worst credible material strengths.
Table 2 – Assessment level definition
NOTE: Refer to NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02 for detailed requirements for each level of Structural
Assessment.
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If the structure is shown to be inadequate in relation to the required load capacity at

any level, assessment work should continue, until no further advantage can be
gained or it is determined that physical intervention is a more cost effective option.
Subsequent levels should seek to remove conservatism in the assessment where
this can be justified.
5.2.4 Permissible methods of assessment
Guidance on the permissible structural assessment methods for determining load
capacity of different asset types and blocks is provided in Appendix A.
6 Assessment Programme
6.1 General
The AE manages an overall programme for carrying out structural assessments.
The programme is reviewed annually as part of preparing the task list.
The programme and task lists may be prioritised.
6.2 Identify assets that require structural assessment
The AE shall identify and record assets that require routine structural assessment.
The AE shall determine and record whether a structural assessment is required to
confirm load capacity for other structures.
NOTE: For further information on identifying assets that require structural assessment refer to 2 and
the associated guidance in Appendix A.
The AE shall review the requirement for a structural assessment if the structure fails
a review of validity in accordance with clause 6.5.
6.3 Determine structural assessment regime for each asset
The AE shall determine and record the structural assessment regime for assets
identified as requiring assessment.
NOTE: Requirements were introduced through ‘RT/CE/P/016: The Assessment of Bridge Capacity’ in
June 1995 for a programme of structural assessment of bridges to be established and prioritised by
December 1995. This exercise formed the basis of the structural assessment regime.
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Ref: NR/L2/CIV/035/Mod01
Issue: 1
To determine the structural assessment regime for each asset, the AE should
identify:
a) Network Rail’s capability or strength requirements;
b) the load capacity of the asset (if quantified);
c) the information on which the load capacity is based.
The AE should review this information taking account of the following:
a) Engineering knowledge (as it affects the asset);
b) Environmental changes (or predicted changes);
c) Confidence in the information on which the load capacity of the asset is based;
d) Network Rail’s licence obligations;
e) Proposed network changes;
f) The condition of the structures stock.
The AE then should define and record the structural assessment regime for each
structure by establishing the assessment regime shown in Figure 2:
Figure 2 Planned date for review of validity of the recorded load capacity of the
asset
The AE shall set the planned date for first time assessment:
a) to comply with clause 6.4 for modern structures where the load capacity is
based on design information.
b) to comply with Table 3 for asset types and blocks where a date for completion
of the assessment programme has been mandated and the asset is not
modern. Where the mandated date is in the past the structure shall be risk
assessed in accordance with 6.8 and assessed within 2 years.
NOTE 1: For example, where a structure is transferred into Network Rail ownership.
NOTE 2: The requirements introduced through RT/CE/P/016 have subsequently been developed and
the dates for completion of the programme of first time structural assessment of specific asset types
and blocks have been mandated as shown in Table 3.
c) based on their priority for all other structures
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First time structural assessment Completion by Requirements
Assessments to determine the December 2006 NR/L2/CIV035, Assessment of

load capacity of long span bridges Structures Implementation
Requirement
Assessments to determine the April 2014 NR/L2/CIV035, Assessment of
Route Availability number of the Structures Implementation
load capacity of underline bridges Requirement
and culverts
Assessments to determine the April 2014 Structures Assessment Recovery
load capacity of overline bridges Programme Requirement
Assessments to determine the April 2018 Operational Property National Action
load capacity of footbridges, Plan following the partial failure of
canopies, train sheds, depot sheds Chalkwell Station Footbridge
and undercrofts
Table 3 – Requirements for first time structural assessment
The planned date for review of the validity of the recorded load capacity of the asset
shall be recorded by the AE:
a) for structures that require routine assessment and
b) for other structures where the AE determines that a review is required
NOTE: For example a planned review of the load capacity determined to support a decision on a
temporary loading situation may not be necessary.
The planned date for the re-assessment of structures that meet Network Rail
capability or strength requirements shall be based on the requirements set out in
Table 4.
The procedures for managing substandard structures, identified during the
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assessment review process, are set out in clause 11.
6.4 Modern Structures
The AE determines whether design loading information can be used as the basis of
the load capacity for modern structures (refer to Appendix B for more detail).
Where original design information is used as the basis of the load capacity of the
structure, the AE shall determine the assessed category and the fatigue category and
review its validity in accordance with 6.5.
If the existing records are not sufficient to confirm the load capacity, the AE shall risk
assess the structure in accordance with 6.8 and include it in the task list for structural
assessment.
The first time structural assessment of a modern structure shall be carried out either:
a) when it reaches half its intended design life without previously being
assessed; or
b) earlier where the factors listed in 6.5 apply.
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Asset Site Re-assessment requirements

investigation Minimum site
Type / at last Maximum interval to
Form investigation for
Block assessment re-assessment (1)(5) re-assessment
Masonry / I for A Upon identification of
a need Detailed
Concrete Other than I Examination (3)
Arch for A (refer to 6.5 b)
3 x Detailed
Half I for A Examination
through Interval(2)
I for A
and 2 x Detailed
Bridges and Other than I
through Examination
culverts(4) for A
Interval(2)
3 x Detailed
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I for A Examination
Interval(2) Detailed
Other
2 x Detailed Examination(3)
Other than I
Examination
for A
Interval(2)
Tunnels All I for A 18 years I for A
Canopies All I for A 18 years I for A (Stage 1)

Train and
Depot All I for A 18 years I for A
Sheds
Undercrofts All I for A 18 years I for A
Table 4 – Re-assessment of structures
(1)
Where set, the maximum interval to the year of next assessment is measured from the
date of the I for A on which the current load capacity is based. For proven Level 0
assessment, the maximum interval to the year of next assessment is measured from the
date of the SSI or the Detailed Examination on which the current load capacity is based.
(2)
If the reassessment becomes overdue as a direct result of a change in the Detailed
Examination interval the asset shall be included for re-assessment in the task list for the
following year unless the AE determines that an earlier intervention is required
(3)
The scope of the Detailed Examination is to include additional requirements identified by
the AE as necessary to support the assessment. The additional requirements may include,
for example, requests for targeted dimensional survey, ballast depth survey or extent of
corrosion at the certain locations.
[4]
The assessment regime for a structure cannot be changed unless the minimum
requirements for site investigations as specified in Table 4 are met.
[5]
Where the interval between the detailed examinations is less than 3 years, use 3 years.
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6.5 Review the validity of the recorded load capacity of the asset
The AE shall review whether the recorded load capacity of the asset is still valid:
a) upon completion of a detailed examination for structures managed by the
Route Asset Manager (RAM) (Structures) and the RAM (Buildings); and
b) where any of the following factors apply:
i. a structure is reported or observed as showing new signs of distress
ii. a significant deterioration in condition has occurred which may indicate
that the assessed capacity of any element of the structure has been
reduced
iii. a significant change in engineering knowledge is reported including
fundamental changes in design or assessment philosophy as defined in
British Standards or company standards
iv. following an incident, such as accidental damage from bridge strike or
other accidental collision, scour or flooding
v. a proposed change may result in an increase of the applied loading and
its effects
vi. works affecting the load capacity of a structure
vii. when the programmed date for review is due
viii. other works on the asset
The AE shall review the asset and take account of the factors set out in 6.3.
NOTE 1: The review of the asset is to include all structural elements whether assessed qualitatively
or quantitatively.
The AE should use record and management information to support the review.
The information required to undertake the review may comprise of any of the
following:
a) Current condition of the structure
b) Current assessed load capacity of the structure
c) Repairs introduced to the structure since the previous structural assessment
d) Existing safety measures
e) Record information
The AE determines whether to collect further information or instruct a re-assessment
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if:
a) the available records are not sufficient to confirm that the recorded load
capacity remains valid;
b) the available records are not sufficient to confirm that the structure meets or
exceeds the required capacity;
c) the current assessment is not a proven Level 0 assessment.
All Level 0 assessments shall be proven by the end of 31st March 2024.
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The AE can update the calculations more frequently than the maximum interval for
re-assessment.
The AE shall update the records following works to restore or enhance the load
capacity of the asset and determine whether to change the assessment regime,
defined in clause 6.3, based on the date of completion of the works.
The AE shall update the records where the compliance date is changed based on the
most current Detailed Examination (DE), Supplementary Site Inspection (SSI) or I for
A.
Note 3: The AE should seek where practicable to align the assessment and examination regimes for
the assets.
6.6 Actions following a review of the validity of the recorded load capacity.
If the recorded load capacity is confirmed as valid the AE shall record the outcome
and the date for the next review.
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If the recorded load capacity cannot be confirmed to be valid the AE shall risk assess
the structure (in accordance with clause 6.8) and include it in the task list as set out
in clause 7.
The AE shall initiate safety measures in accordance with clause 11.3 where it is
determined these are required.
6.7 Re-assessment of structures
The objective of the re-assessment of a structure is to update or verify the capacity of
the structure to carry existing or future loads using information collected through site
investigation.
The re-assessment of structures shall be based on a site investigation that meets the
minimum requirements set out in Table 4 and is to comprise:
a) validation of the current structural assessment; or
b) completion of a new structural assessment
NOTE 1: The procedure of validation of a current structural assessment is included in
NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
NOTE 2: The procedure to carry out a new structural assessment at different levels is shown in
NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
The AE shall instruct a re-assessment of a structure in accordance with the
timescales in Table 4.
The assessment regime for an asset may be changed at the point of re-assessment.
NOTE 3: Requirements for the use of existing design, assessment and check calculations for the re-
assessment are included in NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
The AE shall use the outcome of the re-assessment to evaluate the structure in
accordance with the requirements in clause 11 and 12 and reconfirm or otherwise the
assessment regime of the structure and the requirements for safety measures.
The AE shall revise, sign and date Form BA.
6.8 Risk assessment
The AE should risk assess structures that:
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a) have not received the minimum site investigation for re-assessment within the
task list year in which their compliance date falls; or
b) are not compliant against the limits of the assessment regime defined in 6.3;
or
c) have records that are not sufficient to confirm their load capacity
This shall be carried out by the AE in accordance with the procedure set out in
NR/L3/CIV/021.
6.9 Prioritisation
The AE may prioritise the programme of structural assessments to assist in
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developing task lists.

NOTE: Recommendations for prioritisation are provided in Appendix C.
Structures can be prioritised for structural assessment using the principles or the
specific methodologies contained in the following documents:
 NR/GN/CIV/025,
 NR/L3/CIV/023,
 NR/L3/CIV/024,
7 Create and issue task list
The AE shall prepare the task list to be provided to the assessing organisation(s).
The task list defines the structures and assessment requirements including:
a) The scope of site investigation
b) The assessment level to be applied for each structure.
c) Any specific requirements for qualitative or quantitative assessment
d) Specific requirements for re-assessment
e) Requirements for use of existing calculations
f) Live load requirements
g) Liability requirements
The AE shall contact the relevant Infrastructure Liability Manager for advice on the
legal liabilities for the assessment of accommodation and occupation bridges and
include the specific requirements in the task list where these are known.
The AE shall arrange for the task list to be provided to the assessing organisation.
8 Inspection for assessment and other input data
8.1 General
Structural assessment requires reliable knowledge of the structure and its condition
which are obtained through a desk study of record information and a site
investigation.
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8.1.1 Desk Study

The AE shall arrange for record information to be provided to the assessing
organisation to inform planning of the site investigation and the structural
assessment.
8.1.2 Site Investigation
Sufficient site information is required to inform the assessment and can be obtained
through one or a combination of the following:
a) Inspection for Assessment (I for A)
b) Supplementary site inspection (SSI)
c) Detailed examination with additional requirements
The assessment regime shall be based on the date of the oldest part of the site
investigation if it is formed of several components.
The AE shall initiate urgent actions to address risks to the safety of the Structure or
the public for defects identified and reported in the urgent defect report as part of the
site investigation.
NOTE: For the Urgent Defect Reporting procedure refer to NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
8.2 Inspection for Assessment
The purpose of the inspection is to obtain further information required for the
structural assessment and the determination of the safe load capacity.
The objectives of the I for A are to:
a) determine the loading
b) confirm the form of construction
c) record the dimensions of the structure and types of elements
d) record the condition of elements
e) identify and quantify any change in condition since the last inspection or
examination
f) confirm existing records including:
i. internal dimensions of elements that may not be reflected by external
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features
ii. previous strengthening and repairs
iii. reduction in strength due to services laid through, or near the structure
iv. to establish any non-conformance with the asset.
NOTE 1: For example non-conformance with the asset could be construction out of tolerance and
imperfections.
Detailed requirements for completing an I for A are included in:
 NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02,
 NR/L3/CIV/023,
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 NR/L3/CIV/024,
 NR/GN/CIV/025,
The Inspection for Assessment Procedure is shown in NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
The AE should arrange for record information to be provided to the assessing
organisation for review.
NOTE 2: Record information includes all relevant information such as the form of structure, material
identification, design drawings and calculations, as built drawings, previous examination reports,
previous assessment reports, maintenance records, soils data, details of local mineral extraction and
health and safety files.
Prior to undertaking the I for A, the AE shall agree to the scope of the I for A and all
proposed intrusive investigations and the arrangements for making good when the
work is complete.
8.3 Supplementary Site Inspection
A targeted inspection may be used to collect data missing from the records using the
requirements and procedure for completing an I for A (refer to 8.2).
8.4 Use of detailed examinations
Prior to undertaking the assessment, the AE provides to the assessing organisation
an approval for the use of the current detailed examination considering the
requirements in NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
9 Quantitative Assessment
9.1 General
The assessment report is to state the following:
a) The identity of the structure (by unique structure name, number and location);
b) The name, address and contact details of the assessing organisation,
assessor and checker;
c) The date and results of the site investigation used to inform the assessment;
d) Assessment results identifying the overall load capacity of the structure and
identifying the limiting elements;
e) Conclusions and recommendations for subsequent actions, including any
safety measures;
f) Identification of any means by which the load capacity of a substandard
structure may be improved;
g) A synopsis identifying the assessment methods used, any critical assumptions
adopted and the important results of the inspection and assessment relating to
the load capacity of the structure;
h) The assessed category used for each assessed element (refer to clause 9.2)
and the load used to determine the Assessed Category (if applicable);
i) The fatigue assessed category (if applicable);
j) Results for each element under each load combination.
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The assessment report includes the following:

a) The findings of the site investigation;
b) The signed forms for approval in principle (Form AA/AA0) and the certificate of
assessment and checking (Form BA/BA0);
c) Checked assessment calculations.
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The assessment report is signed by the assessor.
The assessment report shall only be regarded as complete and valid when the
completed and signed certificate of assessment and checking (Form BA/BA0) is
included.
The maximum period for completion of the assessment from the date of the site
investigation (refer to Figure 4) is two years.
9.2 Assessed category of a structure
The assessed category shall be determined for each assessed element of the
structure.
The overall assessed category for the structure is determined based on the element
with the lowest assessed category.
The assessed category for an element is obtained with reference to the utilisation
factor ‘U’ in accordance with:
 NR/L3/CIV/023;
 NR/L3/CIV/024;
 NR/GN/CIV/025.
NOTE 1: See Appendix F for all other structures except masonry arches
NOTE 2: The utilisation factor U is the total assessment load effects divided by the corresponding
assessment resistance. A value of U less or equal to 1.0 indicates that the structure is able to safely
carry the normal specified loading, and that no safety measures are necessary. A value of U greater
than 1.0 indicates that the structure is a substandard structure, and that safety measures may be
necessary in order to restore the safety of the structure. Evaluation should be carried out to determine
if further actions are required.
The assessed categories are described in Appendix D.
The assessed category of a substandard structure could be changed to an improved
mitigation assessed category (refer to Table 5) provided that an evaluation of the
structure is undertaken and the required safety measures against overload are
implemented.
NOTE 3: Factors that might be considered to improve the assessed category are reduction of RA
loading, speed restriction, real traffic assessment, a less conservative assessment approach (e.g.
shape limitations, rivets capacity, effective length) and holding repairs.
10 Technical Approval
10.1 General
Requirements regarding the format and contents of the technical approval
documentation are included in NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
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10.2 Form AA technical approval

10.2.1 Form AA0
Network Rail is not required to approve Form AA0 for Level 0 Structural
Assessments.
10.2.2 Form AA
The AE shall:
a) provide prior agreement to the assessing organisation if a single Form AA is
proposed to cover a number of generically similar structures
b) provide additional requirements for the Form AA where the structure has
particular complexity (or the assessment is required for specific reason)
c) establish early communication between the various parties involved in the
approval in principle process to avoid delays and misunderstanding, and to
identify any special criteria/proposed departures from standards prior to
submission of Form AA
d) review the accuracy, completeness and compliance of the Form AA
NOTE 1: Form AA template is included in NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
e) confirm the check category
NOTE 2: Check category guidance is provided in NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
f) obtain endorsement of the approval in principle by the Professional Head of
Structures for:
• all structural assessments with a proposed check category III;
• Any departures from standards for structural assessment.
NOTE 3: If in doubt, provide outline details of the structural assessment to the Professional Head
of Structures to confirm whether endorsement is required.
g) sign, date and include comments to the relevant form if the submission for
approval in principle is satisfactory (to indicate acceptance of the Form AA and
any additional/amended requirements)
h) reject the Form AA if the submission for approval in principle is not satisfactory
Where the outcome of the review is either ‘Accept the Form AA with
additional/amended requirements’ or ‘Reject the Form AA’, the AE requires the
assessing organisation to either:
a) make changes to the Form AA and resubmit or
b) adhere to the additional/amended requirements.
If an addendum to Form AA is required, the approval of the original signatories (or
their nominees) shall be obtained and recorded.
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In the case of Network Rail owned public road overline bridges where the
Highway/Roads Authority is approached to arrange interim safety measures and
discuss options for renewal in the event the bridge is determined to be substandard:
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a) relevant Highway/Roads Authority should be informed that an assessment is

being carried out and may be consulted by the AE regarding the scope and
criteria to be adopted in the assessment
b) Highway/Road Authority agreement shall be recorded where obtained.
NOTE 4: The assessor may prepare and submit Form AA/I together with Form AA to the
Highway/Roads Authority to seek for their agreement.
NOTE 5: Form AA/I template is included in NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
c) Form AA and the record of the Highway/Roads Authority agreement are to be
included in the approval in principle submission.
d) Consultation with Highway/Roads Authority is not required for Section 117
Liability Assessment.
10.3 Form BA technical approval
The Form BA or BA0 is submitted to Network Rail with the Assessment Report to
provide documentary evidence of:
a) the completion of the assessment
b) a brief summary of the assessment outcome
c) the assessing organisation’s confirmation that the assessment has been
performed with due skill and care.
NOTE 1: Form BA template is included in NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
The Assessor, the Checker and the CRE (A) shall sign Form BA/BA0 and submit for
review to the AE.
The AE reviews the assessment report in accordance with clause 11.
The specific requirements that relate to Form BA(0) technical approval are to:
a) verify whether the requirements of the Form AA(0) have been met
b) confirm the assessment calculations are of sufficient quality and take account
of the current condition of the structure
c) develop confidence in the assessment results
d) understand the outcome of the assessment based on the discussion,
conclusions and recommendations provided in the assessment report.
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NOTE 2: This review is not a formal check of the assessment. Checking remains the responsibility of
the assessing organisation.
The AE shall sign the Form BA or BA0 as the reviewer if the assessment report is
satisfactory based on the requirements set out in this clause and includes information
for any actions that are required in response to the assessment report.
The RAM or their nominated representative shall countersign Form BA/BA0 to
confirm the:
a) conclusions of the assessment report and assessment review are valid; and
b) procedures set out in control documents have been followed.
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The AE should return Form BA/BA0 to the assessing organisation as confirmation

that Network Rail accepts the assessment report.
The AE should inform the assessing organisation if further work is required before
the Form BA can be accepted by Network Rail.
Where Level 0 assessment is carried out by the RAM team that is responsible for the
asset:
a) the checker shall be independent to the assessor
b) the CRE (A) may also perform the role of the checker or the assessor.
11 Assessment Review
11.1 General
The purpose of an assessment review is to:
a) assure that the assessment report has been prepared in accordance with
Form AA/AA0
b) determine whether a higher level of assessment is required to refine the
calculated load capacity
c) determine whether the structure is substandard
d) determine actions that are required in response the assessment report
e) determine changes to the planned assessment regime for the asset (refer to
6.5).
The AE shall carry out the review on completion of the structural assessment.
The assessment review procedures are illustrated in Figure 3.
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Figure 3 – Assessment review procedure
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11.2 Review Assessment Report

The AE shall review the structure in light of information in the assessment report.
The review should take account of the following in addition to the assessment report:
a) Record and management information for the asset
b) Engineering knowledge (as it affects the asset)
c) Environmental changes (or predicted changes)
d) Confidence in the determined load capacity of the asset
e) Network Rail’s capability or strength requirements
f) Network Rail’s licence obligations
g) Proposed network changes
h) The condition of structures stock.
The AE shall complete technical approval in accordance with 10.3.
11.3 Initiate safety measures
The AE shall initiate urgent actions to address immediate risks to the safety of the
structure or the public identified in the urgent assessment advice report and the
assessment report as set out in 13.
NOTE: For the Urgent Assessment Advice Report procedure refer to NR/L2/CIV/035/MOD02.
Further guidance on safety measures is provided in 11.7.
11.4 Review the load capacity against requirements
The AE shall determine whether Network Rail’s capability or strength requirements
are met based on the assessment results.
Where capability requirements are not met, the AE shall identify whether the
structure is substandard and therefore requires safety measures.
Further information on review of assessment results that do not meet Network Rail’s
capability or strength requirements for specific asset types is provided in Appendix E.
The AE shall record the engineering rationale for the outcome of the review and the
management actions to be progressed.
11.5 Carry out further structural assessment
The AE shall determine whether to progress assessment through further assessment
levels of increasing complexity to remove conservatism from calculation in order to:
a) demonstrate Network Rail’s capability or strength requirements are met
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b) improve the calculated load capacities of specific structural elements

c) refine structure strengthening requirements.
The AE should arrange for further assessment to be instructed to the assessing
organisation using the task list procedure set out in clause 7.
Further levels of structural assessment are subject to the technical approval process
(refer to clause 10).
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Time for completion of the subsequent levels of assessment shall be calculated

based on the sign off of Form BA/BA0 of the lower level of structural assessment
within 36 months (refer to Figure 4).
Where the AE concludes that no further assessment is worthwhile and the structure
is substandard an interim management plan shall be implemented.
11.6 Determine the interim management plan
The AE shall determine the maximum timescale for restoration of capability in
accordance with Table 5 and Table 6 for substandard structures.
The AE shall identify safety measures required to protect the safe operation of the
railway or the public based on the timescale for restoration (refer to 11.7)
The AE should review the structure to identify whether it possesses sufficient residual
load capacity or, where applicable, greater fatigue capacity and whether to progress
to subsequent levels of structural assessment (refer to 5.2, 11.5 and Appendix A).
The AE shall implement processes to assure that the actions identified to be required
during the assessment review are carried out.
11.7 Safety measures for bridges
The AE shall arrange for safety measures to be implemented for substandard
structures following a structural assessment.
Safety measures may include:
a) monitoring of critical elements (refer to 11.9)
b) bridge related speed restrictions or traffic restrictions
c) prohibition of particular vehicles
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d) prevention of use or access (e.g. pedestrian and cyclists access)

NOTE: Refer to NR/L3/CIV/024.
e) propping or other means to reduce loads in critical elements
f) repair, strengthening or reconstruction of the bridge within a specified interval
g) holding repairs.
The AE shall use the assessed category and mitigation assessed category of the
critical element as specified in Table 5 to determine the required safety measures.
NOTE1: Refer to NR/GN/CIV/025 for requirements to determine the Assessed Category.
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Assessed category with no safety Improved assessed category for

measures mitigation purposes(1)
Assessed Maximum period (years) Mitigation Maximum period (years)
category before strengthening or assessed before strengthening or
reconstruction category reconstruction
A1 - - -
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A2 - - -
(4)
A3 15 - -
(3) (2)
B 10 A2 -
C(3) 6 A2 -
A3 15
B 10(2)
D(3) 4 A2 -
A3 15
B 10(2)
C 6
(3
E ) Unacceptable A2 -
A3 15
B 10(2)
C 6
D 4
(5)
F Unacceptable A2 -
A3 15
B 10(2)
C 6
D 4
Table 5 – Safety measures applicable to the assessed category for all
structures (excluding fatigue)
(1)
If necessary an improved mitigation assessed category may be obtained by
considering a reduction in load effects and/or other measures (refer to 9.2), subject
to an evaluation of the substructure and implementation of the required safety
measures.
(2)
For non-bridge structures with elements sub-standard due to snow or wind
loading safety measures are not required.
(3)
Safety measures to be applied within three months
(4)
For assessed category A3 where direct monitoring in accordance with 11.9 is
carried out, strengthening or reconstruction is not required
(5)
Safety measures to be applied without delay and within one month.
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If a load restriction will be in place for more than 6 months, the AE shall apply for
permanent or short term Network Change in accordance with Network Code (refer to
NR/L2/OCS/009)
The AE shall arrange for strengthening or reconstruction to be carried out within the
maximum periods specified in Table 5.
NOTE 2: The actual period before strengthening or reconstruction is to take account of the rate of
deterioration and the nature of the potential modes of failure.
The limits of the intervals for completion of the assessment is measured from the
date of the site investigation used to inform the assessment.
The limits of the intervals for further assessment, subsequent completion of repair,
strengthening or reconstruction is measured from the sign off of the Form BA/BA(0).
NOTE 3: The date of the sign off of the Form BA is the date of the structural assessment when
determining the limits of the period for completion of strengthening and reconstruction (refer to Figure
4).
Figure 4 – Assessment and intervention timescales

For bridges where their assessed category is not applicable the AE should use the
utilisation factor of the critical element as specified in Table F.1 to determine the
required safety measures.
11.7.1 Underline Bridges- Additional Safety Measures against fatigue
Where the inspection of steel and wrought iron underline bridges identifies visible
cracks, the AE should:
a) instruct an investigation to be carried out to confirm whether or not the cracks
are fatigue related
b) instruct monitoring of the cracks whilst a fatigue assessment is carried out, or
until strengthening/repairs are completed
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c) impose additional safety measures to those already implemented against

overload (refer to 11.7) for substandard elements on completion of a Stage C
fatigue assessment (refer to NR/GN/CIV/025).
NOTE 1: Stage A, B and C calculations may not be valid when significant fatigue cracks are present.
The AE should use the fatigue assessed category of the critical element as specified
in Table 6 to determine the additional safety measures against fatigue and apply only
when no significant fatigue related cracks are present.
NOTE 2: If significant cracks that compromise the structure’s ability to carry load safely have been
identified during the assessment, the AE initiates urgent actions as set out in 11.3 and 13.
The additional safety measures should consist of one of the following options:
a) Option 1: no reduction in applied load – strengthen or reconstruct the bridge
within the prescribed period applicable to the fatigue assessed category.
b) Option 2: reduction in applied load – reduce the loading on the critical
elements so that the cut-off stress applicable to the fatigue assessed category
is not exceeded, by one or more of the following:
i. Bridge related speed restriction or other measure to reduce dynamic
effects
NOTE 3: Bridge Related Speed Restrictions shall be determined in accordance with
NR/GN/CIV/025
ii. Traffic restriction (e.g. one track only loaded at a time)
iii. Prohibition of particular vehicles
iv. Prohibition of particular traffic type (e.g. freight)
v. Repair or remove fatigue defects such as growing cracks or mechanical
damage if these worsen and impose risk to the structural integrity of the
Bridge
vi. The Interval of the additional examination and the programme for
reconstruction works to remove defects likely to cause fatigue failure is to
take account of:
 the location of the element in the bridge
 the level of live load stress in the element of the bridge
 the type of stress raising detail
 the rate of increase and extent of the mechanical damage
 the number, type and frequency of rail vehicles using the Bridge
c) Option 3: further reduction in applied load:
i. strengthen or reconstruct the bridge within the prescribed period applicable
to the fatigue assessed category
ii. Reduce further the live load on the critical elements so that the cut-off
stress applicable to the fatigue assessed category Af or Bf is not exceeded
iii. The safety measures shall be as for Option 2 except that strengthening or
reconstruction is not required.
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Safety measures against fatigue (1)
Fatigue No reduction in Reduce applied live load Maximum period

assessed applied live load so that the cut-off stress (years) before
category (Option 1) is not exceeded(2) strengthening or
(Option 2 and 3) reconstruction
Maximum interval Maximum interval

(months) and type (months) and type of
of monitoring(3) monitoring(3)
Af - - -
Bf 12 visual(4) - -
(4)(6) (4)
Cf 6 visual 12 visual 15
(5) (4)(6)
Df 12 NDT 6 visual 10
(5)(6) (5)
Ef 6NDT 12 NDT 6
Ff 1NDT(5) 6NDT(5)(6) 4
Table 6 – Safety measures against fatigue for fatigue susceptible details in

steel and wrought iron underline bridges
(1)
Safety measures to be applied for fatigue assessed categories Ef and Ff within
one month.
(2)
The cut-off stress and stresses due to live loading shall be determined using
NR/GN/CIV/025. The monitoring shown applies where the factored range of
applied stress and the cut-off stress are calculated from NR/GN/CIV/025,
according to the determined fatigue assessed category. Where the applied loading
is further reduced so that the factored range of applied stress does not exceed the
cut-off stress, both being calculated applicable to fatigue assessed category Af or
Bf, monitoring is not required.
(3)
The maximum intervals only apply if no significant fatigue related defects are
present. If significant fatigue related defects are present other safety measures
may need to be imposed.
(4)
Visual monitoring to check for presence and/or growth of fatigue related defects.
(5)
Non-destructive testing using crack detection equipment in addition to visual
monitoring.
(6)
Maximum interval 12 months where actual annual tonnage on each track less
than 7 x 106.
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11.7.2 Masonry Arch Underline Bridges

Assessed categories are not applicable for masonry arches.
11.8 Safety Measures for Non-Bridge Structures
The AE should implement safety measures for substandard structures following a
structural assessment. The safety measures may include:
a) Increase of the frequency of examination to monitor critical elements
b) Prohibition of particular uses
c) Prevention of use or, prevention of access to all or part of the structure (e.g. at
times of predicted high winds, or during or following high snow falls – the
control measures may include subsequent removal of excess snow);
d) propping and bracing or other means to reduce loads in critical elements
e) Strengthening or reconstruction of the structure within a prescribed period
f) Holding repairs.
Apply the requirements in clause 11.7 to determine the required safety measures and
the timescale for strengthening or reconstruction.
11.9 Monitoring
The AE shall implement monitoring for assets with an evaluated assessed category
A3 to F.
The monitoring system imposed to a structure is to be sufficient to give adequate
warning of any significant change of the condition of the structure, relevant to the
mode of failure identified within the assessment.
NOTE 1: Where the condition of a critical element is such that any change in the condition of the
element may not readily be seen visually, consideration is to be given to intrusive examination of the
critical element or real-time monitoring.
It may take the form of:
a) examination of critical elements for signs of distress through an additional or
visual regime;
b) remote condition monitoring;
c) other technologies to monitor for deterioration and movement;
The AE should determine the interval of additional examinations and monitoring
considering:
a) the assessed category of the critical elements
b) the fatigue assessed category of critical elements
c) the type of critical element and potential mode of failure
d) the condition of the critical elements
e) the number and frequency of vehicles using the bridge
The maximum interval for monitoring or additional examination should be 12 months.
NOTE 2: Refer to NR/L3/CIV/006
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12 Evaluation
The AE shall carry out and document an evaluation of the asset and its management
on completion of the assessment review as set out in NR/L1/CIV/032.
13 Initiate actions
The AE should initiate the required actions on completion of the Structure Evaluation
as per the process set out in NR/L1/CIV/032.
14 Records
The AE shall keep and maintain assessment records, including any review of an
assessment, for the lifetime of the structure.
Records should include, but not be limited to:
a) The nature and extent of the assessment or assessment review
b) Any calculations with their applicability to current loading, and records of
technical approval
c) Assessed load capacities under each loading scenario
d) Assessed category prior to, and the reduced loading assessed category after
imposition of recommended safety measures
e) Fatigue assessed category
f) Records of the evaluation and follow up management actions
g) Any safety measures taken (either as a temporary or as a permanent
measure) including any additional measures against fatigue as a result of the
assessment
h) The abnormal load capacity of the structures with road vehicle access, and
any applicable conditions
i) Structure condition, including details of critical members, and for bridges
fatigue susceptible details that require particular monitoring
j) Date of current assessment and next programmed review of validity of the
assessment determined in accordance with 6.3
k) When calculations are reviewed as part of a review of an Assessment, if
confirmed, the current validity of calculations shall be documented.
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Appendix A
Permissible assessment techniques
The AE shall select the level of assessment to be instructed for each asset
determined to require structural assessment.
Knowledge of the current usage of the asset can be taken into account in
determining the scope of structural assessment required.
Table A.1 provides guidance on the following:
a) Requirements for routine assessment of different asset groups (refer to clause
2).
b) Methods of assessment applicable to each asset group (refer to clause 5.2).
Assessment levels differentiate between levels of complexity to be used when
carrying out a structural assessment.
An assessment is progressed, through the levels of increasing complexity to the right
in Table A.1 until the assessment review confirms:
a) The asset meets Network Rail’s capability requirements
b) Further assessment is not worthwhile and works or permanent load controls
are planned within the timeframes set out in Table 7.
Structures that do not require routine structural assessment can still be assessed
where a specific cause of concern has been identified.
These exceptional circumstances could include one or more of the following:
a) The structure is reported or observed as showing signs of distress
b) A significant deterioration in condition has occurred which may indicate that
the assessed capacity of any element of the structure has been reduced
c) A significant change in engineering knowledge is reported including
fundamental changes in design and assessment Philosophy as defined in
Eurocodes, British Standards or Company Standards
d) There has been or is proposed to be a change in the loading on the structure
since it was built or assessed.
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Use of design
assessment
assessment
required
Routine
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Risk
Asset group/block
Bridges Y# Y N Y Y Y Y
Viaducts Y Y N Y Y Y Y
Culverts Y #
Y N Y Y Y Y
Tunnels that directly support traffic
Y Y N Y Y Y Y
loads
Buildings including light
maintenance depots, maintenance
N Y Y N Y Y Y
delivery units and national delivery
service buildings
Critical lineside buildings N Y Y N Y Y Y
Canopies lineside Y Y Y N Y Y Y
Canopies non-lineside N Y Y N Y Y Y
Car park N Y Y N Y Y Y
Concourses N Y Y N Y Y Y
Depot sheds Y Y Y N Y Y Y
Footbridges Y Y N Y Y Y Y
Lifts/escalators N Y Y N Y Y Y
Non-passenger platform/loading
N Y Y N Y Y Y
dock
Platform N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Road/side bridge Y Y N Y Y Y Y
Subway Y Y N N Y Y Y
Train shed Y Y N N Y Y Y
Undercroft spanning track Y Y N Y Y Y Y
Undercroft not spanning track N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Waiting shelters N Y Y N Y Y Y
Freestanding masonry walls N Y Y N Y Y Y
Other asset which cannot be
managed through review of Y Y Y N Y Y Y
condition
Table A.1 – Permitted assessment techniques
# Routine assessment is not required where the primary method of support is by arching
action for culverts and bridges with spans less than 2.0m.
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Appendix B
Assessment of modern structures
The design loading can be used as the basis for the load capacity of structures
provided:
a) There has been no significant change in engineering knowledge
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b) The structure is designed to modern loading requirements
c) Sufficient design records are available for review to confirm design loading
d) The structure forms a simple static load system
e) The structure is in a good condition and no defects are recorded through the
examination process that compromises the load capacity
f) No anomalies are identified during desk study or site investigation, for
example:
i. Misalignment of connections
ii. Absence of bracing
iii. Eccentric loadings
iv. The structure is not subject to ground movement
Table B.1 sets out criteria for establishing whether a structure has been designed to
modern codes (current engineering knowledge and loading requirements) based on
its year of construction.
Asset group Primary Material Year of
construction(1)(2)
Underline bridges All 1976
Overline bridges All 1976

Footbridges Metallic/ 1986
Composite
Concrete(3) 1976
Timber Not applicable
Side of line Bridge All 1976

Culverts (where primary method of All 1976
support is not by arching action)
Tunnels All 1976
Canopies All 1998
Depot/train sheds All 1994
Subway All 1976
Undercroft Masonry 1976
Metallic 1994
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Asset group Primary Material Year of

construction(1)(2)
Concrete 1976
Table B.1 – Criteria for structure design to modern codes
(1) For bridges the date of superstructure reconstruction may be used if it has
been reconstructed on top of existing masonry or concrete supports that
would otherwise be assessed qualitatively.
(2) The date of construction is based the introduction of the following codes
and an allowance to provide confidence that these standards were used in
design:
 Footbridges - based on introduction of CP110:1972 and BS 5400
 Canopies - based on introduction of ENV 1991-3:1995 (aerodynamic
loading from trains)
 Train and depot sheds - based on introduction of BS 5950-1:1990
 Undercrofts - based on introduction of CP110:1972 and BS 5950-1:1990.
(3) In 1992 the Department of Transport placed a moratorium on ducted
grouted post-tensioning in bridges. All post tensioned concrete bridges
constructed prior to this date require Post Tensioned Special Investigation
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and require structural assessment. A register of post tensioned concrete
footbridges is required to be held by each Route.
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Appendix C
Recommendations for prioritisation of structural assessments
C.1 Principles
The objectives of the structural assessment as described in 5.1 address safety and
economy reasons which impact on the prioritisation.
Consider safety reasons as prime consideration for prioritisation.
To assign prioritisation rating and a risk score for structural assessment, multiply
together the factors given in Tables C.1-C.4.
NOTE: The highest score denotes the greatest urgency.
C.2 Prioritisation Rating System
Prioritise the structural assessment and determine the risk score based on following
attributes governing the structural safety:
a) usage and applied type of loading to the structure
b) type and form of structure
c) condition of the structure
d) vulnerability of the structure to accidental damage
e) any strengthening or repairs
f) the consequence of failure to the structure
g) status of the previous assessment except for structures in steady state with
respect to assessment.
No factors are given for the last two attributes. The failure of a structure is considered
catastrophic in all cases, and thus a constant factor applies to all structures for
consequences of failure.
The attribute vulnerability of a structure to accidental damage is included in the
factors in Table C.2 and C.3.
NOTE: The vulnerability of a structure to accidental damage is dependent on the construction type,
age and form and also usage and type of loading. --`,`,,`````,,`,`,`,```,,``,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The attribute exposure to accidental loading is respect of Bridges subject to Bridge

Strike have not been taken into account as such attributes have no direct influence
on the risk of overloading, and the particular risk is managed through NR/L3/CIV/076.
Status of the Previous Valid Assessment * Factor
Less than 12 years ago 1
Between 12 and 18 years ago 2
More than 18 years ago, structure not showing distress 5
Incomplete or no existing assessment, structure not showing distress 8
Structure showing distress 10
Table C.1 – Status of previous assessment
Page 37 of 47

Issue: 1
* Previous Structural Assessment should have been to BR 36840 or BRENDA (for an

underline bridge) or BE 3/73 or BD 21/93 (for an overline Bridge) or the original design
calculation provided a post 1953 standard was used for the design.
Construction type, age and form of structure Factor
Masonry (brick or stone) arches 1
Reinforced or pre-stressed concrete structure post 1950 2
Post 1930 steel structure and welded metal structure of unknown age 2
Post-tensioned concrete structure 4
Riveted steel structure 5
Cast Iron structure 5
Concrete structures prior to 1950 5
All other types 5
Table C.2 – Construction type, age and form of structure
Usage and type of loading Factor
Non-bridge structures 1
Any bridge (including footbridges and aqueducts) not included below 2
Structures on 22.5 or 25 tonne rail axle route or abnormal load routes 3
Occupation or accommodation –overline bridge to which vehicles 4
exceeding the weight limit may have access.
Table C.3 – Usage and type of loading
Condition of the Structure SCMI Factor
(Worst condition of the main Structure elements taken Score **
from the latest detailed examination report for the
Structure)
G (Good) Where the part is in reasonably good condition, 100-75 1
with only a few minor defects present
F (Fair) Where there are a small number of defects, 74-50 2
none of which are structurally significant and
such defects can be rectified by minor repairs
P (Poor) Where one or more significant defects are 49-25 3
present
X Where a defect within the Structure is 24-1 4
considered to be dangerous and needing
urgent attention or no detailed examination
report exists.
Table C.4 – Condition of the structure
** Network Rail Company Code of Practice RT/CE/C/041: Structures Condition Marking
Index Handbook sets out the procedures to be followed in the application of the structures
condition marking system for underline bridges and overline bridges. The SCMI (structures
condition marking index) is a quantitative score reflecting the visible condition of a structure.
This condition mark is to replace the system of subjective grading of structure condition into
Page 38 of 47
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Issue: 1
poor/fair/good by marking the structure on a scale of 0-100, where 100 indicates a structure
in 2perfect condition.
C.3 Risk Assessment Appraisal
For structures that require structural assessment in accordance with 6.4 and 6.3
consider the timescales for assessment shown in C.5.
Risk score Assessment
Structure showing Include to current
signs of distress year task list urgently
640-180 Next year assessment
task list
1-179 Within 2 years
Table C.5 – Risk assessment appraisal
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Issue: 1
Appendix D
Assessed categories for footbridges, under bridges and operational properties
D.1 Assessed Category A1
Assessed category A1 corresponds to an utilisation factor (U) = 0.8 such that the
element has significant spare design capacity under the assessment loading.
No safety measures are necessary, and there is scope to increase the loading up to
a limit of U = 1.0.
Assessed category A2 corresponds to an utilisation factor (U) of 0.8 < U = 1.0 such
that the element has adequate capacity under the assessment loading.
No safety measures are necessary.
Structures in this category are defined as Sub-standard Structures.
Assessed Category A3 corresponds to an utilisation factor (U) of U >1.0 up to the
maximum in accordance with relevant standards:
 NR/L3/CIV/023
 NR/L3/CIV/024
 NR/GN/CIV/025
The risk of overload of an element in assessed category A3 is managed by a
reduction in the partial factor for materials only with monitoring of condition until
strengthening or reconstruction within a maximum 15 years.
Where direct monitoring is carried out strengthening or reconstruction is not
necessary provided the condition at assessment is maintained.
D.4 Assessed Category B
Structures in this category are defined as substandard structures.
Assessed category B is a lower categorisation than A3.
The risk of overload of an element in assessed category B is managed by a reduction
in the partial safety factors for both materials and loading and monitoring of condition
until strengthening or reconstruction within a maximum period of 10 years.
D.5 Assessed Category C
Assessed category C is a lower categorisation than B.
The risk of overload of an element in assessed category C is managed by a
reduction in the partial safety factors and monitoring of condition until strengthening
or reconstruction within a maximum period of 6 years.
More severe safety measures are required compared to assessed category B.
D.6 Assessed Category D
Structures in this category are defined as Sub-standard Structures.
Page 40 of 47
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Issue: 1
Assessed Category D is a lower categorisation than C.

The risk of overload of an element in Assessed Category D is managed by a
reduction in the partial safety factors and monitoring of condition until strengthening
or reconstruction within a maximum period of 4 years.
More severe Safety Measures are required compared with Assessed Categories B
and C.
D.7 Assessed Category E
Assessed category E is a lower categorisation than D.
Elements in this categorisation must be regarded as potentially in a critical condition
even if the element may be showing no signs of distress.
Safety measures to be imposed are required to include a reduction in loading to the
critical elements so as to achieve a reduced loading assessed category D or higher.
D.8 Assessed Category F
Elements in this categorisation must be regarded as potentially in a highly critical
condition even if the element may be showing no signs of distress.
Safety measures are required to be imposed as for assessed category E, but with
immediate effect so as to achieve a reduced loading assessed category D or higher.
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Page 41 of 47

Issue: 1
Appendix E
Review of assessment results
E.1 General
When on completion of an assessment (including subsequent levels of assessment)
an element of a structure does not meet the capability or strength requirements, the
AE will evaluate the assessment results.
Following the evaluation the AE confirms whether the structure is substandard and
requires safety measures or no further actions are necessary to manage the
structure safely.
E.2 Masonry Arches
For masonry arches with insufficient capacity, undertake structural review to
determine the required Safety Measures and the date of the review of the Structural
Assessment considering:
a) structural assessment results
NOTE: A bridge that has been initially assessed and found to have <RA10 capacity could be
carrying RA10 traffic each day and may be showing some signs of deterioration. However, if the
asset is performing as expected and the deterioration trend is not cause for concern then the arch
can be considered to have sufficient capacity. This is provided that the examination regime is
appropriate to monitor changes in precursor defects, allowing maintenance to address
deterioration to be planned and implemented.
b) condition of the structure
c) behaviour of the structure under the passage of rail traffic
d) potential for increased capacity that may be derived from hidden details (such
as haunching, or internal spandrel walls) and which can be proved by site
investigation
e) effect that a reduction in impact factor would have on the assessed capacity
(limit state methods of structural assessment only)
f) type and frequency of the regular traffic on the structure
NOTE: A masonry arch which regularly carries lightly loaded vehicles will often be capable of
sustaining infrequent heavy freight loads without danger of collapse. However, regular
application of heavy freight loading may well induce more rapid deterioration of the arch.
The process of the evaluation may conclude that:
a) No further actions are necessary to manage the structure safely
b) Further actions are necessary to manage the structure safely (such as carry
out further structural assessments)
NOTE 1: More sophisticated analysis is likely to improve the assessment result for a masonry arch but
is a time consuming and costly exercise, making it not always appropriate.
NOTE 2: Further assessment of masonry arch bridges may be considered in cases where the
engineer’s review has determined that the additional information that it would provide would be
--`,`,,`````,,`,`,`,```,,``,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
beneficial to the management of the structure (for example where load paths are not understandable
and greater confidence is required, to inform requirements for strengthening, to confirm the arch has
capability to carry higher loads than it is currently experiencing and where this cannot be assumed
through evidence of performance of arches of the same construction).
Page 42 of 47

Issue: 1
c) Intervene to the normal examination and maintenance regime.

NOTE 3: The AE must establish whether the deterioration of the structure under the required loading
can be managed through the normal examination and maintenance regimes or whether specific
intervention is required to manage the potential for (or evidence of) load induced deterioration.
E.3 Half through bridges with metal main girders
Further guidance for review of buckling failure of half-through metal bridges is
provided in clause11 of:
 NR/L3/CIV/023
 NR/GN/CIV/025
E.4 Structures with Road Vehicle Access
Determine and implement the Safety Measures considering requirements in BA 79:
The Management of Sub-standard Highway Bridges.
E.5 Foot/Cycle Track Bridges and Other Bridges
Determine and implement the safety measures for foot or cycle track or other bridges
(including pipe bridges, aqueducts and conveyor bridges) considering requirements
in BA 79: The Management of Sub-standard Highway Bridges.
Page 43 of 47
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Issue: 1
Appendix F
Assessed category
F.1 Introduction
Obtain the assessed category for an element from the utilisation factor ‘U’ derived for
the normal specified loading.
A value of U less than or equal to 1.0 indicates that the structure is able to carry
safely the normal specified loading.
A value of U greater than 1.0 indicates that the structure is a sub-standard structure.
F.2 Limit state assessments
For structures that have been assessed using limit state principles (e.g. steel to BS
5950 or concrete to BS 8110), use Table F.1 to obtain the assessed category,
supplemented by 0 for values of the coefficients KmB, KmC and KmD.
In Table F.1:
a) Utilisation factor U = SA* / R*, where:
b) SA* is the assessment load effects as defined by the dead, superimposed and
live loading
c) R* is the corresponding assessment resistance as defined by BS 5950 or BS
8110 or other limit state codes having equivalent partial factors.
Utilisation factor U Assessed
category
Min Max
< 0.8 0.8 A1
> 0.8 1.0 A2
> 1.0 KmB A3
> KmB KmB x 1.05 B
> KmB KmC x 1.15 C
> KmC x 1.15 KmC x 1.30 D
> KmD x 1.30 KmD x 1.56 E
> KmD x 1.56 - F
Table F.1 – Derivation of assessed category limit state principles for structures
--`,`,,`````,,`,`,`,```,,``,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Page 44 of 47
Issue: 1
Steel and wrought iron Concrete Composite
Concrete and
concrete wall
Wrought iron
River shear *
Reinforceme
Co-efficient
connectors
Steel post
Steel pre
concrete
Shear in
tendons
nt and
Shear
Bond
plain
1905
KmB 1.05 1.05 1905

1.05 1.10 1.05 1.11 1.05 1.06 1.0
(1.00)
KmC 1.08 1.10 1.07 1.15 1.07 1.18 1.07 1.09 1.02
(1.05)
KmD 1.11 1.16 1.10 1.21 1.11 1.25 1.09 1.12 1.05
(1.09)
Note: Values in brackets under rivet shear apply to web/flange rivets in longitudinal shear
Table F.2 – Values of coefficients
F.3 Permissible stress assessments
For structures that have been assessed using permissible stresses or loads, use
Table F.3 to obtain the assessed category.
In Table F.3:
Utilisation factor U = (calculated working stress or load due to all effects) /
(permissible stress or load)
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Page 45 of 47
Issue: 1
--`,`,,`````,,`,`,`,```,,``,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table F.3 – Derivation of assessed category permissible stress approach

structures
The values of U for wrought iron assume permissible stresses in BS 449:Part 2:1969
having a yield strength of 190 N/mm2
When wind loading (or drift snow loading) is included, and the permissible stresses
are increased by 25%, the assessed category shall be as shown where U exceeds
the lower limit shown for assessed category E. Where U is equal to or less than the
lower limit shown for assessed category E, the assessed category should be in
accordance with the upper part of this table, provided that the element is not given
an assessed category better than if wind (or drift snow) loading is not included.
Where allowed by the appropriate permissible stress design codes, e.g. BS 449 or
CP 114 etc., the permissible stresses may be increased by 25% when wind loading
is included provided that the element is not given an assessed category higher than
if wind loading is not include. Similarly, for drift snow loading conditions in
Page 46 of 47
Issue: 1
accordance with BRE Digest 332: Loads on Roofs from Snow Drifting against
Vertical Obstructions and in Valleys, a similar increase of permissible stresses is
permitted provided the increase in stress is due to drift snow loads and wind only.
The maximum increase is limited to 25%
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Page 47 of 47

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Management of Structural Assessment

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• Red requirements are to be complied with and achieved at all times.

• Amber requirements are to be complied with unless an approved variation is in place.

• Guidance should be followed unless an alternative solution produces a better result.

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Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 3 Section 4 (DMRB)

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3 Terms and abbreviations

4 Responsibilities and accountabilities

6.2 Identify structures requiring

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c) satisfy regulatory and other reporting requirements as well as load carrying

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5.2.2 Quantitative structural assessment

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If the structure is shown to be inadequate in relation to the required load capacity at

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First time structural assessment Completion by Requirements

Assessments to determine the December 2006 NR/L2/CIV035, Assessment of

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Asset Site Re-assessment requirements

Tunnels All I for A 18 years I for A

Canopies All I for A 18 years I for A (Stage 1)

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developing task lists.

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8.1.1 Desk Study

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The assessment report includes the following:

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10.2 Form AA technical approval

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a) relevant Highway/Roads Authority should be informed that an assessment is

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The AE should return Form BA/BA0 to the assessing organisation as confirmation

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Figure 3 – Assessment review procedure

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11.2 Review Assessment Report

b) improve the calculated load capacities of specific structural elements

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Time for completion of the subsequent levels of assessment shall be calculated

d) prevention of use or access (e.g. pedestrian and cyclists access)

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Assessed category with no safety Improved assessed category for

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Figure 4 – Assessment and intervention timescales

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c) impose additional safety measures to those already implemented against

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Safety measures against fatigue (1)

Fatigue No reduction in Reduce applied live load Maximum period