▪Introduction and Fluid Properties

Introduction

▪ Fluid mechanics deals with the study of all fluids under static and dynamic
situations.

▪ Fluid mechanics is a branch of continuous mechanics which deals with a

relationship between forces, motions, and statical conditions in a continuous
material.

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 Fluid properties

▪ Density (𝜌). The density of a fluid, designated by the Greek symbol (rho) , is defined
as its mass per unit volume.

▪ Density has units of kg/𝑚3 .

▪ The value of density can vary widely between different fluids, but for liquids,
variations in pressure and temperature generally have only a small effect on the value
of ρ.

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 Density 𝜌

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 Specific weight 𝛾

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 Specific weight 𝛾

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 Specific gravity .s

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 Ideal gas law

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 Example

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 Viscosity µ

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 Fluidity of fluid

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 Fluidity of fluid

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 Fluidity of fluid

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 Fluidity of fluid

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 Dynamic viscosity µ

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 Kinematic viscosity 𝜈

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Viscosity vs temperature

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 Newtonian vs non-Newtonian fluids

▪ Fluids for which the shear stress is directly proportional to the rate of strain are called
Newtonian fluids. Because shear stress is directly proportional to the shear strain, a
plot relating these variables (see Fig. 2.6) results in a straight line passing through the
origin. The slope of this line is the value of the dynamic (absolute) viscosity. For
some fluids the shear stress may not be directly proportional to the rate of strain;
these are called non-Newtonian fluids.

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 Modulus of elasticity E

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 Surface tension

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 Capillary

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 Vapor pressure

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 Unit conversions

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