Horizontal Group vertical Perioal

rOWS
-
- neet
Column

Use Code “AKALIVE “For Plus

 Calculation of Period / Group No. :

Period no. = Highest ‘ n ‘ value

Group No.
Last e- : s- subshell : s- block
Group No. : No. of valence e- in s-subshell

Eg. Is" 2s "2p63s"

fast
Period:3
Block: S ein s-subshell
Finding Period / Group No. / Block :

s-block :- last e- ( s-subshell )

Group No. = x

Eg:Is "2522p6 351-, Na

I
x 1
=

Group no-1
Finding Period / Group No. / Block :

p-block :- last e- ( p-subshell )

Group No. = 12 + no. of e- present in np

= 12 + x

35" Period 3
1522522p6 3p3 No:

↓ Group No: 12+3

x3
=
=15
Finding Period / Group No. / Block :

d-block :- last e- ( d-subshell )

period NO=y

↑
Group No. = no. of e- present in ns + no. of
e- present in (n-1) d
= x + y -> child"nS a

e
Is "252p6 3523p6 3d3 Ys

3+2 3
=

↳
Group No.
Finding Period / Group No. / Block :

f-block :- last e- ( f-subshell )

Group No. = 3
e
Effective Nuclear Charge :
> c
of interest

attraction
- repulsion
[2 es
-
 23 for neutral
atom,
Na
11:
Is" 2s p635 c
=

11

P 11
=

⑧
n 23
=
-
11 12=

⑧ ⑧

⑧ ⑧
⑧

⑧ nucleus
⑱
⑧ Le
⑧ ⑧

protontneutrons
spositively
⑧
(neutral)
charged)
-
X
nucleous

charge present nuclear

in

nucleus
-
charge
 interest
Electron
of
-
⑧
-
attractionb/w
⑧ 8
⑧ nucleus and e
⑳ ⑳
⑧

⑧ · repulsion blue-
&
intervening
⑧

of interest

elections

elections
intervening blu
(The electrons present
nucleus and the electron of interest)
Effective Nuclear Charge :

The actual charge

experienced by an electron .
 Screening / Shielding Effect :

The electrons present in inner shell exerts

repulsion over the electrons present in outer shell &
shields the outer e-s from the charge of nucleus ,
this phenomenon is called screening / shielding
effect. .
 Screening / Shielding Effect :

Screening Power depends on the type of orbital in

which e- is present .

S2p > dif

A fully - filled orbital provides better shielding .

dof shielding effect

very
poor
-

due to
diffused shape
 Screening / Shielding Effect :

SHIELDING

POOR EFFECTIVE
Nuclear Charge on outer e-
Nuclear Charge on outer
will be less it will
e- will be high it will
experience less attraction .
experience greater
attraction .
seff to
Zeff
Effective Nuclear Charge : The net charge acting on
outer e- after considering shielding from inner e-’s
 Rule?
it's

Lef = 2 --

2- no
atomic

--shielding
constant
 Radius :
calculating
atomic radius

Very small size ↑ is not easy.

No fixed boundaries . 3
Lo - I
Covalent Radius :

Internuclear
distance 2
->
-
Bond
length
o ↓

dA- B
Metallic Radius :
Bond length

⑧
~ ⑧
amm S

M M
Van der Waals Radius :

⑧---8

⑱
Variation of Atomic Radius in Periodic Table :
 Variation of Atomic Radius in Periodic Table :

Zeff increases as e- are added in same shell , size decreases

left to right in a period

Left >
Right
Zeff ↑I /

dominates
 Jeff increases as we move
from left
I

because added
to right, ease
being
the member
in the same shell, while
of
the
proton increases too hence
increasing
in nucleus. This increase
positive charge
dominates over
in nuclear
charge
the to
e-e-repulsion left sight I
Zeff
Gammate)
 General Tend
Atomic Radius
period
Left -Right
Jeff , AR d
 Top

Group new shell

-
atomic radius
addition increases

Bottom
AKALIVE
AKALIVE