Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Table of Contents
Certificate
Declaration
Acknowledgement
Aim of Project
Introduction
Theory
Apparatus Required
Law
Conclusion
Bibliography
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Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria
Certificate
This is to certify that GAURAV KUMAR student
of class XII B has successfully prepared the report on theProject
entitled “Electromagnetic Induction” under the guidance of Mr.
ARPAN SONI SIR (PGT Physics).
The report is the result of his efforts & endeavours.The
report is found worthy of acceptance as final Project
report for the subject Physics of class XII B.
Signature of Principal
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Acknowledgement
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and gratitude my
toproject guide Mr. Arpan Soni sir for guiding me immensely gh
throughout the course of the project. He always envinced keen
interest in my project. His constructive advice & constant
motivation have been responsible for the successful completion of
his project.
My sincere thank goes to our principal sir for his co-ordinationin
extending every possible support for the completion of this
project.
I must thanks to my classmates for their timely help and
support for completion of this project.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank all those who had
helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this
project.
GAURAV KUMAR
Class- XII B
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AIM
“ To determine the
Faraday’s law
of
Electromagnetic Induction
using a copper wire
wound over an iron
rod and a strong
magnet. ”
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Introduction
Faraday’s law of induction is a basic law of electromagnetism
that predicts how a magnetic field will interact with an electric
circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF). It is the
fundamental operating principle of transformers , inductors,
and many types of electrical motors and generators.
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Faraday’s first experimental demonstration of electromagnetic
induction (August 29, 1831), he wrapped two wires around
opposite sides of an iron ring or “torus” (an arrangement similar
to a modern toroidal transformer) to induce current.
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Theory
Magnetic flux :-
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For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux
through an infinitesimal area element dS, where we may
condiser the field to be constant
d 𝜱B = B ∙ dS
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Apparatus Required
1. Insulated copper wire
2. An iron rod
3. A strong magnet, and
4. A light emitting diode (LED)
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Law
.
The most widespread version of Faraday’s law states :-
This version of Faraday’s law strictly holds only when the closed
circuit is a loop of infinitely thin wire and is invalid in other
circumstances as discussed below. A different version, the
Maxwell-Faraday equation (discussed below), is valid in all
circumstances.
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The EMF on a wire loop is :-
𝗌=𝟏 𝑭 ∙d 𝒍 = (𝑬 + 𝑽 × 𝑩) ∙ 𝒅𝒍
𝒒 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆
Where 𝛁 is the curl operator and again E(r,t) is the electric field
and B(r,t) is the magnetic field. These fields can generally be
functions of position r and time t.
The four Maxwell’s equation (including the Maxwell-Faraday
equation), along with the Lorentz force law, are a sufficient
foundation to derive everything in classical electromagnetism.
Therefore it is possible to “prove” Faraday’s law starting with the se
equation. Faraday’s law could be taken as the starting point and
used to “prove” the Maxwell Faraday equation and/or other laws.
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Conclusion
Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and
published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century,
describes a very important electromagnetic concept. Although its
mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s
is not hard to grasp : it relates an induced electric potential or
voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has many far-
reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many ways : from
the shining of the sun to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes.
We can all appreciate the profound Faraday’s law has on us.
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Bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org
https://www.google.co.in
Class 12 Physics Lab Manual
Class 12 NCERT Textbook
https://www.vaibhavkandwal.com
Thank You!!
-Gaurav Kumar
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