Essentials of Oceanography 11th Edition Trujillo Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Essentials of Oceanography 11th
Edition Trujillo Test Bank

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Essentials of Oceanography, 11e (Trujillo)
Chapter 6 Air-Sea Interaction
Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or
not at all.
A) troposphere
B) tropopause
C) convection cell
D) stratosphere
E) water vapor
F) ozone (O3)
G) nitrogen (N2)
H) oxygen (O2)
1) component with the greatest concentration in the Earth's atmosphere

Diff: 2
Skill: Comprehension
Section: 6.2 What Physical Properties Does the Atmosphere Possess?
Essent'l Concept: 6.2 Describe the physical properties of the atmosphere
2) most abundant greenhouse gas that also influences air density

Diff: 2
3) lowermost portion of Earth's atmosphere where most weather occurs

Diff: 2
4) the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere

Diff: 2
5) rising and sinking air masses moving in a circular fashion

Diff: 2
Answers: 1) G 2) E 3) A 4) B 5) C
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or
not at all.
A) located at 23.5° N latitude

B) located at 23.5° S latitude
C) located at 30° S latitude
D) prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes
E) prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes
F) area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
G) prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
H) located at 90° N latitude
6) Inter-tropical Convergence Zone

Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Section: 6.4 What Global Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Exist?
Essent'l Concept: 6.4 Explain global atmospheric circulation patterns
7) Trade winds
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
8) Tropic of Cancer
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
9) Westerlies
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
10) Polar easterlies

Diff: 2
Answers: 6) F 7) D 8) A 9) G 10) E
2
11) The place traced by Earth's orbit is called the vernal equinox.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Section: 6.1 What Causes Variations in Solar Radiation on Earth?
Essent'l Concept: 6.1 Explain variations in solar radiation on Earth, including the cause of
Earth's seasons
12) The autumnal equinox occurs when the sun is directly overhead along the equator in March.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Earth's seasons
13) The percentage of incident light radiation reflected back to space is termed albedo.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Earth's seasons
14) The angle at which direct sunlight strikes the ocean's surface is important in determining the
amount of solar energy that is absorbed.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Earth's seasons
15) Near the poles, more energy is reflected back into space than is absorbed.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Earth's seasons
16) Within the troposphere, the atmosphere gets warmer with increasing altitude.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
3
17) Wind is initiated by thermal heating from the sun and cooling by the ocean creating a
thermal convection cell.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
18) Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
19) Cool, dense air causes low pressure at the surface, whereas warm, less dense air causes high
pressure.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
20) The Coriolis effect describes how moving objects on Earth appear to follow curved paths due
to Earth's rotation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Section: 6.3 How Does the Coriolis Effect Influence Moving Objects?
Essent'l Concept: 6.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the Coriolis effect
21) The maximum Coriolis effect occurs at the equator due to slower rotational velocity
compared to higher latitudes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
22) The large atmospheric circulation cells that occur between the equator and 30° latitude in
each hemisphere are called Hadley cells.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
4
23) The doldrums can be found at the Equator.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
24) The trade winds can be found between 30° and 60°N and S latitudes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
25) A cold front is likely to have heavy, brief showers associated with it.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section: 6.5 What Weather and Climate Patterns Occur in the Oceans?
Essent'l Concept: 6.5 Describe oceanic weather and climate patterns, including hurricanes
26) A maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
27) A hurricane is a very strong high-pressure system.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
28) The Saffir-Simpson scale rates the relative intensity of tropical cyclones.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
5
29) Tropical cyclones derive their energy from the water's high latent heat of fusion.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
30) An iceberg is a variety of sea ice.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Section: 6.6 How Do Sea Ice and Icebergs Form?
Essent'l Concept: 6.6 Describe how sea ice and icebergs are formed
31) Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of:

A) 0°.
B) 23.5°.
C) 180°.
D) 90°.
E) none of the above is correct.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Earth's seasons
32) The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of
Cancer, during the:
A) summer solstice.
B) winter solstice.
C) vernal equinox.
D) autumnal equinox.
E) ecliptic.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Earth's seasons
6
33) The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to
higher latitudes (near the poles) is:
A) the same.
B) lower.
C) greater.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Earth's seasons
34) The average albedo of Earth's surface is about:

A) 3%.
B) 30%.
C) 50%.
D) 67%.
E) 90%.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
Earth's seasons
35) The two most abundant components of dry air are:

A) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B) oxygen and water vapor.
C) carbon dioxide and water vapor.
D) nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
E) nitrogen and oxygen.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
7
36) The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the:
A) tropopause.
B) stratosphere.
C) ozone layer.
D) troposphere.
E) upper atmosphere.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
37) In the troposphere, air temperatures:

A) increase with increasing altitude.
B) decrease with increasing altitude.
C) increase with decreasing altitude.
D) decrease with decreasing altitude.
E) None of the above is correct.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
38) The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are:
A) temperature and salinity.
B) nitrogen and water vapor content.
C) temperature and water vapor content.
D) temperature and ozone.
E) carbon dioxide and water vapor content.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
8
39) All of the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except:
A) a column of cool, dense air produces high pressure at the Earth's surface.
B) a column of warm, less dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface.
C) cool air is denser than warm air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.
D) the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the Earth's major wind
belts.
E) warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
40) The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move
from one latitude to another is called the:
A) Coriolis effect.
B) Cyclonic effect.
C) Ekman spiral.
D) Hadley cell.
E) Saffir-Simpson scale.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
41) As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:
A) at a 45° angle from their original direction.
B) at a 90° angle from their original direction.
C) to the east of their original direction.
D) to the left of their original direction.
E) to the right of their original direction.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
9
42) Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:
A) be deflected toward the east.
B) be deflected toward the west.
C) circulate counterclockwise.
D) circulate clockwise.
E) travel in a straight line.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
43) A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be:

A) dry and cold.
B) dry and warm.
C) wet and cold.
D) wet and the same temperature.
E) wet and warm.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
44) The wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the:
A) doldrums
B) horse latitudes.
C) polar easterlies.
D) trade winds.
E) westerlies.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
10
Refer to the figure below and use the numbers that correspond to global wind belts and latitudes
to answer the following question.
45) The polar front is labeled number:

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 5.
E) 6.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
11
46) The westerlies wind belt is the area corresponding to number:

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
12
47) The area of the globe (latitude) that is characterized by falling air masses and little
precipitation is labeled number:
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 5.
E) 6.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
13
48) Variable winds that result in generally clear, dry, and fair conditions with cold temperatures
and minimal precipitation are labeled number:
A) 1.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D) 5.
E) 6.
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
14
49) The doldrums refer to the same region as the:
A) inter-tropical convergence zone.
B) jet stream.
C) subtropical jet stream.
D) subtropics.
E) trade winds.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
50) The temperate regions are characterized by:

A) tropical cyclones.
B) high pressure.
C) easterly winds.
D) trade winds.
E) westerly winds.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
51) Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of
rotation and:
A) differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land.
B) differences in the latitudinal albedo.
C) Ekman transport.
D) latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect.
E) variations in incoming solar radiation over many years.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
15
52) Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate:
A) at a 45° angle from the prevailing wind direction.
B) clockwise.
C) counterclockwise.
D) to the left.
E) to the right.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
53) A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a/an:
A) cold front.
B) high pressure system.
C) low pressure system.
D) occluded front.
E) warm front.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
54) Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce
a:
A) land breeze.
B) tropical cyclone.
C) typhoon.
D) cold front.
E) sea breeze.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
16
55) The strength of a hurricane stems from water's:
A) latent heat of condensation.
B) latent heat of fusion.
C) latent heat of melting.
D) latent heat of sublimation.
E) latent heat of deposition.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
56) The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the:

A) Coriolis Scale.
B) Fujita Scale.
C) Moh's Scale.
D) Richter Scale.
E) Saffir-Simpson Scale.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
57) The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to:
A) high winds.
B) intense precipitation.
C) low atmospheric pressure.
D) storm surge.
E) none of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
17
Refer to the figure below, and use the information on the map corresponding to the ocean's
climatic regions to answer the following question.
58) The oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are
produced is:
A) polar.
B) subpolar.
C) temperate.
D) subtropical.
E) tropical.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
18
59) The oceanic climate region that is characterized by sea ice coverage in the winter and open
water (but cold) in the summer is:
A) polar.
B) subpolar.
C) temperate.
D) subtropical.
E) tropical.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
19
60) When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:
A) darker color.
B) decreased density.
C) higher salinity.
D) higher temperature.
E) lower temperature.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
20
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of
words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
61)
A. ecliptic
B. vernal equinox
C. autumnal equinox
D. westerlies
E. summer solstice
Answer: D
Diff: 4
Skill: Analysis
Earth's seasons
62)
A. nitrogen
B. albedo
C. oxygen
D. troposphere
E. water vapor
Answer: B
Diff: 4
Skill: Analysis
63)
A. doldrums
B. northeast trade winds
C. polar easterlies
D. southeast trade winds
E. westerlies
Answer: A
Diff: 4
Skill: Analysis
21
64)
A. maximum sustained winds
B. minimum central pressure
C. sea surface salinity
D. storm surge
E. storm diameter
Answer: C
Diff: 4
Skill: Analysis
65)
A. continent
B. sea ice
C. iceberg
D. ice floes
E. ice shelf
Answer: A
Diff: 4
Skill: Analysis
22
66) Along the Arctic Circle, how would the Sun appear during the summer solstice? During the
winter solstice?
Answer: During the summer solstice, which occurs on or about June 21, the Sun reaches its
most northerly point in the sky, lying directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer at 23.5° north
latitude. To an observer on Earth, the Sun at noon (12:00 pm) reaches its most northern or
southern position in the sky. During the winter solstice, which occurs on or around December 22,
the Sun is directly overhead of the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5° south latitude and is in the
reverse position of the summer solstice in both hemispheres. During the summer solstice, the
Arctic Circle experiences around six months of daylight, while during the summer solstice, it
experiences around six months of darkness.
Diff: 2
Earth's seasons
23
67) Why are there high-pressure areas at each pole and a low-pressure belt in the equatorial
region?
Answer: The low-pressure belt at the equator is due to more direct or incident solar radiation
during most of the year. This causes both the land and ocean to heat up, as well as the air above
the land and ocean. Warmer temperatures cause more evaporation, especially over the ocean,
creating relatively light air that is both warm and humid. This warm, moist air tends to rise
vertically, creating low air pressure. In contrast, air at the poles is relatively dry and very cold,
which causes the air to descend back towards the surface, creating high air pressure.
Diff: 2
24
68) Distinguish between weather and climate.
Answer: Weather describes the atmospheric conditions such as temperature, water vapor
content, wind direction, and wind speed at a particular place and time. Climate, on the other
hand, describes the average long-term weather pattern for a specified geographic area.
Diff: 2
25
69) Discuss the formation of land breezes and sea breezes.
Answer: Remembering that land masses heat up faster than the ocean and land masses lose heat
more rapidly than the ocean is the key to understanding when and how land and sea breezes
form. During the day, the land heats up faster than the ocean because of the land's lower heat
capacity. This causes heat to rise off the land and creates a low pressure system that causes
cooler air over the ocean to flow toward the land; this is called a sea breeze. In the evening, the
land cools off more rapidly than the ocean, causing the cooling air over the land to fall and
moves off land toward the ocean; this is called a land breeze. Hint: "Winds are named for the
direction from which they blow."
Diff: 1
Skill: Knowledge
26
70) What are the differences between hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones?
Answer: A cyclone is a spinning mass of low pressure air characterized by strong winds and
heavy precipitation. Tropical cyclones form in tropical latitudes and are fueled by the warm
water of low-latitude subtropical and tropical waters. In contrast, extra-tropical cyclones form
outside of the tropics and result from the interaction of two different air masses. A hurricane is a
tropical cyclone that forms in the waters off of North and South America, whereas a typhoon is a
tropical cyclone that forms in the western North Pacific Ocean.
Diff: 2
27
71) Discuss uneven solar heating as a function of latitude and how this contributes to the
formation of global wind belts.
Diff: 2
Earth's seasons
72) Describe the physical properties of the atmosphere, including its composition, density, water
vapor content, pressure, and movement.
Diff: 2
28
73) Compare and contrast the formation of high pressure and low pressure atmospheric systems
on precipitation and temperature in the areas where they form.
Diff: 2
74) Discuss the impact of the Coriolis effect on atmospheric circulation. Provide at least two
examples where the Coriolis effect significantly impacts global atmospheric circulation.
Diff: 2
75) Describe tropical cyclones, including their origin, patterns of movement, and the types of
destruction caused by these atmospheric events. How are the number and frequency of cyclones
related to latitude and season?
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
29
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Essentials of Oceanography 11th

Edition Trujillo Test Bank

1) component with the greatest concentration in the Earth's atmosphere

2) most abundant greenhouse gas that also influences air density

3) lowermost portion of Earth's atmosphere where most weather occurs

4) the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere

5) rising and sinking air masses moving in a circular fashion

A) located at 23.5° N latitude

6) Inter-tropical Convergence Zone

10) Polar easterlies

26) A maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold.

27) A hurricane is a very strong high-pressure system.

30) An iceberg is a variety of sea ice.

31) Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of:

34) The average albedo of Earth's surface is about:

35) The two most abundant components of dry air are:

37) In the troposphere, air temperatures:

43) A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be:

45) The polar front is labeled number:

46) The westerlies wind belt is the area corresponding to number:

50) The temperate regions are characterized by:

56) The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the:

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

Section 5. General Information About Project

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

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