Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
2. The financial manager generally needs to devote little time to management of working capital.
True False
3. Liquidating current assets are really capital assets since they have lives greater than one year.
True False
5. As a general rule, it is desirable to finance the permanent assets, including "permanent current assets," with
long-term debt and equity.
True False
6. Increased use of long-term financing is generally a more conservative approach to current asset financing.
True False
7. Short-term interest rates are generally lower than long-term interest rates.
True False
8. The "term structure of interest rates" refers to the relationship between yields on debt and their maturities.
True False
9. The "term structure of interest rates" depicts the competitive cost of funds for the various types of short-term
sources of funds such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, and bankers' acceptances.
True False
10. The "term structure of interest rates" is a schedule that tells when a company's bonds mature and shows how
many dollars a firm must pay in interest payments.
True False
11. In periods of tight money, long-term rates are often higher than short-term rates.
True False
12. During tight money periods, short-term financing may be difficult to find.
True False
13. Heavy use of long-term financing generally leads to lower financing costs.
True False
14. Heavy risk exposure due to short-term borrowing can be compensated for by carrying illiquid assets.
True False
15. Heavy use of long-term debt will allow a firm to carry less liquid, more profitable assets.
True False
16. Use of long-term financing and the carrying of highly liquid assets is a high-risk combination.
True False
17. Firms with predictable cash-flow patterns should assume relatively low levels of risk.
True False
18. Firms with highly volatile and perishable inventory should assume relatively low levels of risk.
True False
19. Immediate access to capital markets allows greater risk-taking capability.
True False
20. A risky financial plan will use long-term financing for capital assets, permanent current assets, and a portion
of temporary current assets.
True False
21. The more short-term financing relative to long-term financing, the more risky the financial structure.
True False
22. Short-term financing is risky because of the possibility of rising short-term rates and the inability of always
being able to refund short-term debt.
True False
23. If a firm uses a conservative financial plan, it will usually have marketable securities at the bottom of a
cyclical sales swing.
True False
24. The expected value is the sum of the probabilities of all expected events.
True False
25. Expected value techniques allow consideration of more than one possible outcome.
True False
26. Over the last several decades, most business firms have increased their liquidity.
True False
27. One reason for long-term diminishing liquidity is more efficient cash management.
True False
28. The key to current asset planning is the ability of management to forecast sales accurately and then match
production schedules with the sales forecast.
True False
29. The use of on-line point-of-sale terminals has made it easier for many retail store managers to manage their
inventory.
True False
30. Short-term interest rates are more dependent upon inflation than on current demand for money.
True False
31. A humped yield curve has lower medium-term rates than both short-term and long-term rates.
True False
32. Inventory remains a significant percentage of current assets for non-financial Canadian corporations.
True False
33. Generally speaking, during the past two decades corporations were relying more and more on short-term
borrowing to carry less liquid assets.
True False
34. When using level production, inventory will peak in the month where unit sales trend above the production
level.
True False
35. Cash, accounts receivables, and inventory all move monthly in the same direction under level production.
True False
36. During an economic "boom" period, a shortage of low-cost financing alternatives exists.
True False
37. The ratio of long-term financing to short-term financing at any point in time will be greatly influenced by
the term structure of interest rates and common stock prices.
True False
38. Yield curves change very little in the short run (3 months).
True False
40. Humped yield curves have higher intermediate term rates (4-7 year maturities) than either short-term or
long-term rates.
True False
41. If the liquidity premium theory was correct, yield curves would be upward-sloping.
True False
42. The behaviour of various kinds of financial institutions determines the shape of the yield curve, according to
the segmentation theory.
True False
43. According to the expectations hypothesis, short-term rates would be expected to rise if they were far below
long-term rates.
True False
44. Only the segmentation theory has any significant impact on interest rates.
True False
45. Short-term interest rates have historically been more volatile than long-term rates.
True False
46. The successful financial manager is very interested in the term structure of interest rates but is not
concerned with the relative volatility or historical level of interest rates.
True False
47. The faster a firm's growth in sales, the more likely it is that an increasing percentage of financing will be
internally generated.
True False
48. Level production methods smooth production schedules and utilize manpower and equipment more
efficiently than seasonal production methods.
True False
49. The cash budget combines the cash receipts and cash payments schedules in determining cash flow.
True False
50. By using long-term capital to cover short-term needs, the firm is virtually assured of becoming technically
insolvent.
True False
51. The ratio of long-term financing to short-term financing at any given time will be greatly influenced by the
term structure of interest rates.
True False
52. It is not necessary to understand interest rate movements thoroughly when deciding upon short and
long-term debt structure.
True False
53. Hedging is matching the maturities of assets and liabilities to reduce risk.
True False
54. The cash conversion cycle is the time that is taken to collect accounts receivable.
True False
55. The current ratio for non-financial corporations reveals a steady increase in liquidity over time.
True False
56. Working capital management is primarily concerned with the management and financing of
A. cash and inventory.
B. current assets and current liabilities.
C. current assets.
D. receivables and payables.
62. Ideally, which of the following types of assets should be financed with long-term financing?
A. capital assets only
B. capital assets and temporary current assets
C. capital assets and permanent current assets
D. temporary and permanent current assets
66. Which of the following is a reason for diminishing liquidity in modern corporations?
A. high interest rates
B. better utilization of cash via computers
C. inflation pushes more cash into inventory
D. all of the choices are reasons for diminishing liquidity
67. An aggressive, risk-oriented firm will likely
A. borrow long-term and carry low levels of liquidity.
B. borrow short-term and carry low levels of liquidity.
C. borrow long-term and carry high levels of liquidity.
D. borrow short-term and carry high levels of liquidity.
68. Which of the following is not a condition under which a prudent manager would accept some risk in
financing?
A. predictable cash-flow patterns
B. inventory is highly perishable
C. price of inventory is stable
D. easy access to capital markets
69. Risk exposure due to heavy short-term borrowing can be compensated for by
A. carrying highly liquid assets.
B. carrying illiquid assets.
C. carrying longer term, more profitable current assets.
D. carrying more receivables to increase cash flow.
70. Which of the following combinations of asset structures and financing patterns is likely to create the least
volatile earnings?
A. illiquid assets and heavy short-term borrowing
B. illiquid assets and heavy long-term borrowing
C. liquid assets and heavy long-term borrowing
D. liquid assets and no debt
71. Which of the following combinations of asset structures and financing patterns is likely to create the most
volatile earnings?
A. illiquid assets and heavy short-term borrowing
B. illiquid assets and heavy long-term borrowing
C. liquid assets and heavy long-term borrowing
D. liquid assets and heavy short-term borrowing
72. An aggressive working capital policy would have which of the following characteristics?
A. a high ratio of long-term debt to capital assets
B. a low ratio of short-term debt to total debt
C. a high ratio of short-term debt to long-term sources of funds
D. a short average collection period
73. Which of the following techniques allows explicit consideration of more than one possible outcome?
A. operating leverage
B. present value
C. least-squares regression
D. expected value
74. Under normal conditions (70% probability), Financing Plan A will produce $24,000 higher return than Plan
B. Under tight money conditions (30% probability), Plan A will produce $40,000 less than Plan B. What is the
expected value of return for Plan A over Plan B?
A. $28,800
B. $4,000
C. $4,800
D. $35,200
78. A firm will usually increase the ratio of short-term debt to long-term debt when
A. short-term debt has a lower cost than long-term equity.
B. the term structure is inverted and expected to shift down.
C. the term structure is upward sloping and expected to shift up.
D. the firm is undertaking a large capital budgeting project.
79. When actual sales are greater than forecasted sales
A. inventory will decline.
B. production schedules might have to be revised upward.
C. accounts receivable will rise.
D. all of the other answers are correct
83. When the term structure of interest rates is downward sloping and interest rates are expected to decline, the
A. financial manager generally borrows short-term.
B. financial manager borrows at the lower long-term rates.
C. corporation's ratio of short-term to long-term debt is low.
D. none of the other answers are correct
88. Which of the following yield curves would be characteristic at peak periods of economic expansions?
A. upward sloping
B. downward sloping
C. horizontal
D. humped
92. The theory of the term structure of interest rates, which suggests that long-term rates are determined by the
average of short-term rates expected over the time that a long-term bond is outstanding is the
A. expectations hypothesis.
B. segmentation theory.
C. liquidity premium theory.
D. market average rate theory.
93. Some analysts believe that the term structure of interest rates is determined by the behaviour of various
types of financial institutions. This theory is called the
A. expectations hypothesis.
B. segmentation theory.
C. liquidity premium theory.
D. theory of industry supply and demand for bonds.
96. Government of Canada securities are used to construct yield curves because
A. they are free of default risk.
B. the large number of maturities forms a continuous curve.
C. both a and b are correct.
D. none of the other answers are correct
97. The concept of a self-liquidating asset implies that
A. the working capital associated with a product will be liquidated within a one year period.
B. all the product will be sold, receivables collected, and bills paid over the time period specified.
C. assets associated with the production of a product will be liquidated over the amortized life of the assets.
D. self-liquidating assets will be financed by long-term sources of capital.
98. The cash flow cycle has a major bearing on the firm's
A. dividend policy.
B. liquidity.
C. cash management efficiency.
D. risk.
99. Retail companies like Sears and Chapters exhibit sales patterns that are mostly influenced by
A. cyclical economic indicators.
B. competitive prices
C. seasonality
D. sales promotions.
101. As the economy moves through a business cycle, which of the following term structure of interest rates
theories dominate the shape of the yield curve?
A. the expectations theory
B. the market segmentation theory
C. the liquidity preference theory
D. none of these theories dominate the shape of the yield curve
102. Match each key term with its most correct definition statement.
104. Using the expectations hypothesis for the term structure of interest rates, calculate the expected yields for
securities with maturities of two and three years on the basis of the following data:
105. Christensen & Assoc. is developing an asset financing plan. Christensen has $500,000 in current assets, of
which 15% are permanent, and $700,000 in capital assets. The current long-term rate is 11%, and the current
short-term rate is 8.5%. Christensen's tax rate is 40%.
A) Construct two financing plans—one conservative, with 80% of assets financed by long-term sources, and the
other aggressive, with only 60% of assets financed by long-term sources.
B) If Christensen's earnings before interest and taxes are $325,000, calculate net income under each alternative.
A) Construct a conservative financing plan with 80% of assets financed by long-term sources. If McKinsee's
earnings before interest and taxes are $6,000,000, what will their net income be?
B) An alternative and more aggressive plan would be to finance 60% of total assets with long-term financing.
Assuming that EBIT was again $6,000,000, what will net income be under this alternative?
C) If interest rates were expected to increase, which plan would you recommend? Why?
107. Under normal conditions (80% probability), Financing Plan A will produce $25,000 higher return than
Plan B. Under tight money conditions (20% probability), Plan A will produce $50,000 less than Plan B. What is
the expected value of return for Plan A over Plan B?
A. $25,000
B. $20,000
C. $15,000
D. $10,000
113. The finance manager at Ruthless Manufacturing Inc (RMI) was comparing plans for financing inventory.
Under normal conditions (60% probability), Financing Plan A will produce $60,000 higher return than Plan B.
Under tight money conditions (40% probability), Plan A will produce $50,000 less than Plan B. Which finance
plan should RMI choose and why?
A. Plan A because it will produce $36,000 higher expected value than Plan B.
B. Plan B because it will produce $50,000 higher expected value than Plan A.
C. Plan A because it will produce $16,000 higher expected value than Plan B.
D. Either, as both expected values are equal.
117. List the 5 considerations a financial manager should balance between short-term versus long-term
financing.
118. Explain why short-term financing is less expensive but riskier than long-term financing.
119. Explain why long-term financing is more expensive but less risky than short-term financing.
120. What is the cash conversion cycle? What does the cash conversion cycle consist of?
121. Three basic theories describe the term structure of interest rates, or shape of the yield curve. List end
explain these theories.
c6 Key
2. The financial manager generally needs to devote little time to management of working capital.
FALSE
3. Liquidating current assets are really capital assets since they have lives greater than one year.
FALSE
6. Increased use of long-term financing is generally a more conservative approach to current asset financing.
TRUE
7. Short-term interest rates are generally lower than long-term interest rates.
TRUE
8. The "term structure of interest rates" refers to the relationship between yields on debt and their maturities.
TRUE
9. The "term structure of interest rates" depicts the competitive cost of funds for the various types of short-term
sources of funds such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, and bankers' acceptances.
FALSE
11. In periods of tight money, long-term rates are often higher than short-term rates.
FALSE
12. During tight money periods, short-term financing may be difficult to find.
TRUE
13. Heavy use of long-term financing generally leads to lower financing costs.
FALSE
14. Heavy risk exposure due to short-term borrowing can be compensated for by carrying illiquid assets.
FALSE
16. Use of long-term financing and the carrying of highly liquid assets is a high-risk combination.
FALSE
17. Firms with predictable cash-flow patterns should assume relatively low levels of risk.
FALSE
18. Firms with highly volatile and perishable inventory should assume relatively low levels of risk.
TRUE
21. The more short-term financing relative to long-term financing, the more risky the financial structure.
TRUE
22. Short-term financing is risky because of the possibility of rising short-term rates and the inability of always
being able to refund short-term debt.
TRUE
23. If a firm uses a conservative financial plan, it will usually have marketable securities at the bottom of a
cyclical sales swing.
TRUE
24. The expected value is the sum of the probabilities of all expected events.
FALSE
26. Over the last several decades, most business firms have increased their liquidity.
FALSE
27. One reason for long-term diminishing liquidity is more efficient cash management.
TRUE
28. The key to current asset planning is the ability of management to forecast sales accurately and then match
production schedules with the sales forecast.
TRUE
29. The use of on-line point-of-sale terminals has made it easier for many retail store managers to manage their
inventory.
TRUE
31. A humped yield curve has lower medium-term rates than both short-term and long-term rates.
FALSE
32. Inventory remains a significant percentage of current assets for non-financial Canadian corporations.
TRUE
33. Generally speaking, during the past two decades corporations were relying more and more on short-term
borrowing to carry less liquid assets.
TRUE
34. When using level production, inventory will peak in the month where unit sales trend above the production
level.
FALSE
36. During an economic "boom" period, a shortage of low-cost financing alternatives exists.
TRUE
37. The ratio of long-term financing to short-term financing at any point in time will be greatly influenced by
the term structure of interest rates and common stock prices.
FALSE
38. Yield curves change very little in the short run (3 months).
FALSE
41. If the liquidity premium theory was correct, yield curves would be upward-sloping.
TRUE
42. The behaviour of various kinds of financial institutions determines the shape of the yield curve, according to
the segmentation theory.
TRUE
43. According to the expectations hypothesis, short-term rates would be expected to rise if they were far below
long-term rates.
FALSE
44. Only the segmentation theory has any significant impact on interest rates.
TRUE
46. The successful financial manager is very interested in the term structure of interest rates but is not
concerned with the relative volatility or historical level of interest rates.
FALSE
47. The faster a firm's growth in sales, the more likely it is that an increasing percentage of financing will be
internally generated.
FALSE
48. Level production methods smooth production schedules and utilize manpower and equipment more
efficiently than seasonal production methods.
TRUE
49. The cash budget combines the cash receipts and cash payments schedules in determining cash flow.
TRUE
51. The ratio of long-term financing to short-term financing at any given time will be greatly influenced by the
term structure of interest rates.
TRUE
52. It is not necessary to understand interest rate movements thoroughly when deciding upon short and
long-term debt structure.
FALSE
53. Hedging is matching the maturities of assets and liabilities to reduce risk.
TRUE
54. The cash conversion cycle is the time that is taken to collect accounts receivable.
FALSE
56. Working capital management is primarily concerned with the management and financing of
A. cash and inventory.
B. current assets and current liabilities.
C. current assets.
D. receivables and payables.
62. Ideally, which of the following types of assets should be financed with long-term financing?
A. capital assets only
B. capital assets and temporary current assets
C. capital assets and permanent current assets
D. temporary and permanent current assets
66. Which of the following is a reason for diminishing liquidity in modern corporations?
A. high interest rates
B. better utilization of cash via computers
C. inflation pushes more cash into inventory
D. all of the choices are reasons for diminishing liquidity
68. Which of the following is not a condition under which a prudent manager would accept some risk in
financing?
A. predictable cash-flow patterns
B. inventory is highly perishable
C. price of inventory is stable
D. easy access to capital markets
69. Risk exposure due to heavy short-term borrowing can be compensated for by
A. carrying highly liquid assets.
B. carrying illiquid assets.
C. carrying longer term, more profitable current assets.
D. carrying more receivables to increase cash flow.
70. Which of the following combinations of asset structures and financing patterns is likely to create the least
volatile earnings?
A. illiquid assets and heavy short-term borrowing
B. illiquid assets and heavy long-term borrowing
C. liquid assets and heavy long-term borrowing
D. liquid assets and no debt
72. An aggressive working capital policy would have which of the following characteristics?
A. a high ratio of long-term debt to capital assets
B. a low ratio of short-term debt to total debt
C. a high ratio of short-term debt to long-term sources of funds
D. a short average collection period
73. Which of the following techniques allows explicit consideration of more than one possible outcome?
A. operating leverage
B. present value
C. least-squares regression
D. expected value
74. Under normal conditions (70% probability), Financing Plan A will produce $24,000 higher return than Plan
B. Under tight money conditions (30% probability), Plan A will produce $40,000 less than Plan B. What is the
expected value of return for Plan A over Plan B?
A. $28,800
B. $4,000
C. $4,800
D. $35,200
78. A firm will usually increase the ratio of short-term debt to long-term debt when
A. short-term debt has a lower cost than long-term equity.
B. the term structure is inverted and expected to shift down.
C. the term structure is upward sloping and expected to shift up.
D. the firm is undertaking a large capital budgeting project.
88. Which of the following yield curves would be characteristic at peak periods of economic expansions?
A. upward sloping
B. downward sloping
C. horizontal
D. humped
92. The theory of the term structure of interest rates, which suggests that long-term rates are determined by the
average of short-term rates expected over the time that a long-term bond is outstanding is the
A. expectations hypothesis.
B. segmentation theory.
C. liquidity premium theory.
D. market average rate theory.
93. Some analysts believe that the term structure of interest rates is determined by the behaviour of various
types of financial institutions. This theory is called the
A. expectations hypothesis.
B. segmentation theory.
C. liquidity premium theory.
D. theory of industry supply and demand for bonds.
96. Government of Canada securities are used to construct yield curves because
A. they are free of default risk.
B. the large number of maturities forms a continuous curve.
C. both a and b are correct.
D. none of the other answers are correct
98. The cash flow cycle has a major bearing on the firm's
A. dividend policy.
B. liquidity.
C. cash management efficiency.
D. risk.
101. As the economy moves through a business cycle, which of the following term structure of interest rates
theories dominate the shape of the yield curve?
A. the expectations theory
B. the market segmentation theory
C. the liquidity preference theory
D. none of these theories dominate the shape of the yield curve
104. Using the expectations hypothesis for the term structure of interest rates, calculate the expected yields for
securities with maturities of two and three years on the basis of the following data:
= 7.5%
= 7.8%
The table on the opposite page gives a brief characterization of these four sub-
culture-areas.
153. The Shaping of a Problem
So far we have been discriminating, that is, looking for characteristic
differences. On the other hand, there has always existed a consensus of
impression, among experienced as well as hasty observers, that a certain
likeness runs through the culture of most the tribes of California, northern,
central, and southern. With scarcely an exception they were unwarlike; nearly all
of them made excellent baskets, but were deficient in wood-working. Obviously it
is necessary to reconcile these uniformities with the peculiarities that distinguish
the four regional types or sub-culture-areas, as well as to account for the
peculiarities.
Let us simplify the problem by considering only one aspect of the four native
cultures instead of the whole cultures. In this way there will be more likelihood of
making a substantial beginning; any results obtained from the example can be
subsequently checked from other aspects of the cultures to see if the findings are
broadly representative. Further, let us arrange the items of information that are
available on this one aspect of culture, not haphazardly, nor mechanically as
under an alphabetic classification, nor in the sequence in which authors have
published their observations, but naturally, or according to some principle that is
likely to work out into an interpretation. Since part of the problem is the relation of
the uniform features to the peculiar ones, a promising order will be to put at one
end of the line or series of data the most universal features, and at the other the
most particular or localized ones.
Let us select religion as that part of native culture to be examined, and limit this
still farther by eliminating from consideration, for the time being, all forms of
religion except public rituals, which among Indians are frequently accompanied or
signalized by sacred dances. We may forget, for the moment, private rites,
individual sacrifices, superstitions and taboos, medicine men, myths, and the like,
and direct attention to dances made by groups of people, or the obvious
equivalents of such dances, and ritual acts definitely associated with the dances
or the common weal.
Northwestern Lower
Central California Southern
California Colorado
(California-Great California
(North Pacific River
Basin) (Southwest)
Coast) (Southwest)
Houses Planks Earth or thatch Earth or thatch Earth
Sweat- Planks Earth Earth None
houses
Head-gear Women’s Men’s head-nets Women’s caps None
caps
Foot-wear Moccasins None Sandals or Sandals
moccasins
Women’s Deer-skin Deer-skin or fibers Fibers Fibers
skirts
Basketry Twined Twined and coiled Mostly coiled Almost
absent
Pottery None None Undecorated Decorated
Boats Dug-out Rush rafts Joined planks Rush rafts
canoes
Paddles Single-bladed Single-bladed Double-bladed Poles
Staple food Salmon Acorns Acorns and Maize
fish
Ring-and-pin Salmon Deer vertebræ Acorn cups Pumpkin rind
game vertebræ
Shell money Dentalia Clam disks Clam disks Almost none
Bows Sinew- Sinew-backed Plain Plain
backed
War clubs Edged stone None Knobbed wood Knobbed
wood
Social None Dual Dual and Multiple
divisions multiple
Shamans Women Men Men Men
Origin legend Previous race Creator Birth from Birth from
Earth Earth
Religious None Kuksu Jimsonweed None
society
Dances Wealth Spirit Simple dances Dream
displays impersonations singings
Choice of this phase of native culture is not quite random; ritual ordinarily is
rather freer from the complications caused by natural environment than most
other institutions and customs. Had industrial arts, for instance, been selected as
the point of attack, it might be imagined that certain tribes made pottery, and
others did not, because of the presence or absence of suitable clay in their
respective habitats; or perhaps that a particular weave of basketry occurred
universally because this weave followed more or less directly from the physical
properties of some plant material that abounded everywhere in the state. On the
other hand, when tribes do or do not make dances in honor of their divinities, or
when they do or do not practise an elaborate mourning for their dead, these are
customs into which the influence of natural environment can scarcely enter, since
all peoples believe in spirits and suffer the loss of relatives.