Microsoft Office Access 2013 Complete in Practice 1St Edition Easton Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

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Access Chapter 06
Creating Advanced Queries and Reports and Using SQL
True / False Questions
1. An action query makes a temporary change to the data in the database and the Undo button is
available to reverse the action.
True False
2. Action queries do not display confirmation messages after the action is complete.
True False
3. It is a good practice to make a backup copy of your database before you run any action query.
True False
4. While you could modify each record individually in a table, an update query allows you to make
the change to all records using one command.
True False
5. In an update query, unlike the Criteria row, the Update To row is not case sensitive.
True False
6. A delete query deletes the entire record.
True False
7. Unlike the resulting datasheet from a regular select query, you can edit the results from a
crosstab query.
True False
8. After you create a crosstab query with the Crosstab Query Wizard, you can edit it in Design view
and make changes to any of the selections made during the wizard.
True False
9. If duplicate records are present, two or more records in a table share the same values.
True False
10. Unmatched records are records in one table that do not contain any matching records in a related
table.
True False
11. The Top Values query property limits the number of records that display in a query answer.
True False
12. The serial number is designated by the number of days the date is from January 1, 2000.
True False
13. The Now() function retrieves the current date, including the time, from your computer.
True False
14. When you are viewing a report in Layout or Print Preview view, the sections are not as obvious as
they are in Design view.
True False
15. Creating a report in Layout view provides you with the most flexibility.
True False
16. An embedded query updates as you add and remove fields from the report.
True False
17. A parameter report asks the user to enter the specific criteria value for a field when the report is
run.
True False
18. To change the size of a control on a report, simply select the control and use the sizing handles
to adjust the size.
True False
19. If you want to perform the same modification on several controls, select them all before
performing the change.
True False
20. A calculated control contains an expression in the Control Source property.
True False
21. Access evaluates expressions with the standard order of operations.
True False
22. When the report is in Design view, the expression is visible inside of the control.
True False
23. You can place calculated controls in any section of a report.
True False
24. A running total is not the same as an aggregate function.
True False
25. Concatenation combines different parts of an expression using the $ operator.
True False
26. The report from the "one" side of the relationship is the main report, while the report from the
"many" side of the relationship is the subreport.
True False
27. You can build the main report and the subreport in any order, but the most common approach is
to build the main report first.
True False
28. In a subreport, it is common to use a tabular layout for the fields.
True False
29. Use the Subform/Subreport button to launch the SubReport Wizard to add the subreport.
True False
30. When you open the main report, the subreport opens automatically because the objects are now
attached.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
31. How many types of action queries are there in Access?
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
32. Which of the following would you use to give all employees a 2% pay raise?
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
33. Which of the following makes changes to the data in a database?
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
34. Which of the following adds records into an existing table in a database?
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
35. Which of the following deletes records from a table in a database?
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
36. Which of the following would you use to create a history table, which you could then use to store
old records?
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
37. Which of the following is a tool that makes it easier to build four different types of queries?
A. Query Wizard
B. crosstab query
C. find duplicates query
D. unmatched records query
38. Which of the following displays query results in a row/column format, which makes the data
easier to read and understand?
A. Query Wizard
B. crosstab query
39. On how many dimensions does a crosstab query summarize data?
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
40. In a crosstab query, what is the maximum number of fields that you can include as row
headings?
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
41. Which of the following statements is true about duplicate records?
A. All duplicated data is not bad.

B. Even when you practice good database design, you still may end up with duplicated data.
C. If duplicate records are present, two or more records in a table share the same values.
D. all of the above
42. Which of the following can you use in your criteria to look for partial matches?
A. parameter reports
B. subqueries
C. wildcards
D. controls
43. Which of the following can you use to compare records in two tables and determine which ones
are not matched?
A. Query Wizard
B. crosstab query
44. Which of the following is not a fixed number choice provided by the Top Values query?
A. 5
B. 25
C. 75
D. 100
45. Which of the following is not a percentage value choice provided by the Top Values query?
A. 5%
B. 25%
C. 75%
D. all
46. In a Top Values query, which of the following is necessary to return the top values?
A. sorting the results in ascending order

B. sorting the results in descending order
C. sorting on the primary key
D. the top values will be returned automatically
47. In a Top Values query, which of the following is necessary to return the bottom values?

48. The serial number Access assigns to a date is designated by the number of days the date is from
_______________.
A. January 1, 1900
B. January 1, 2000
C. December 31, 1900
D. December 31, 2000
49. Which of the following Access date functions determines the difference between two dates?
A. DateSerial()
B. DateAdd()
C. DateDiff()
D. DatePart()
50. Which of the following Access date functions determines a specific piece, or interval, of a date?
A. DateSerial()
B. DateAdd()
C. DateDiff()
D. DatePart()
51. Which of the following Access date functions converts values into a date value?
A. DateSerial()
B. DateAdd()
C. DateDiff()
D. DatePart()
52. Which of the following Access date functions adds to a date?
A. DateSerial()
B. DateAdd()
C. DateDiff()
D. DatePart()
53. Which of the following might you use when you have a common starting point (the original query)
but want to customize it for additional purposes (the additional query)?
A. parameter report
B. subquery
C. wildcard
D. control
54. Which of the following report sections prints column headings, page numbers, or dates at the top
of every page?
A. Report Footer
B. Page Header
C. Page Footer
D. Group Header
55. Which of the following report sections prints page numbers or dates at the bottom of each page?
A. Report Footer
B. Page Header
C. Page Footer
D. Group Header
56. Which of the following report sections prints the group title/value at the top of each group?
A. Report Footer
B. Page Header
C. Page Footer
D. Group Header
57. Which of the following report sections prints report totals or other information at the end of the
report?
A. Report Footer
B. Page Header
C. Page Footer
D. Group Header
58. Which of the following does Access automatically include when you create a report in Design
view?
A. Page Header section

B. Detail section
C. Page Footer section
D. all of the above
59. Which of the following regulates which database fields are available in a report?
A. Top Values query

B. Record Source property
C. Structured Query Language
D. Query Wizard
60. Which of the following can the data fields for a report come from?
A. reports
B. queries
C. tables
D. both B and C
61. Which of the following is always used to surround parameter text in a parameter report?
A. square brackets
B. plus signs
C. parentheses
D. dollar signs
62. While displaying a report in Design view, which of the following opens the Property Sheet?
A. F2
B. F4
C. F6
D. F8
63. Which of the following are controls that you can add to a report?
A. text boxes
B. labels
C. lines
D. all of the above
64. Which of the following font characteristics of a control can you change in the Property Sheet of
that control?
A. Font Name
B. Font Size
C. Font Underline
D. all of the above
65. Which of the following formatting properties of a control sets the font color?
A. Decimal Places
B. Visible
C. Back Color
D. Fore Color
66. Which of the following formatting properties of a control sets a fixed number of decimal places to
display?
A. Decimal Places
B. Visible
C. Back Color
D. Fore Color
67. Which of the following formatting properties of a control determines whether a control shows in
Report view or Print Preview view?
A. Decimal Places
B. Visible
C. Back Color
D. Fore Color
68. Which of the following formatting properties of a control sets the fill color of a control?
A. Decimal Places
B. Visible
C. Back Color
D. Fore Color
69. Which of the following lets you select more than one control at once?
A. Ctrl
B. Alt
C. Shift
D. Esc
70. Which of the following can you use calculated controls for?
A. mathematical equations
B. aggregate functions
C. text-based equations
D. all of the above
71. Which of the following must go at the beginning of calculated expressions in Access?
A. =
B. +
C. (
D. [
72. Which of the following must you use to view the expression inside a calculated control?
A. Layout view
B. Design view
C. Print Preview view
D. Page Layout view
73. Which of the following must fields be enclosed with in a calculated expression?
A. square brackets
B. plus signs
C. parentheses
D. dollar signs
74. Which of the following can a running total field show?
A. running balance
B. cumulative total
C. counting
D. all of the above
75. What is the default value of the Running Sum property?
A. No
B. Over Group
C. Over All
D. none of the above
76. To number rows using a running total, which of the following should you type in the Control
Source property?
A. =1
B. =2
C. =3
D. =4
77. Which of the following operators is used to concatenate data?
A. [
B. +
C. &
D. (
78. Which of the following would you use to combine the first and last name fields to produce a more
readable report?
A. concatenation
B. running total
C. one-to-many relationship
D. SQL
79. In a concatenation formula, how would you insert a comma and a blank space between two
fields?
A. &" "&
B. &", "&
C. =", "&
D. [", "]
80. Which of the following would you use to hide repeated values in a report?
A. concatenation formulas
B. calculated controls
C. Hide Duplicates property
D. Delete query
81. Which of the following is inserted within another report?
A. subreport
B. main report
C. separate object
D. SQL view
82. In a report that shows data from a one-to-many relationship, which of the following is a report
from the "one" side of the relationship?
A. subreport
B. main report
C. separate object
D. SQL object
83. Once you add a subreport, it still exists as a ____________________.
A. subreport
B. main report
C. separate object
D. SQL view
84. What steps are involved in create a report that includes a subreport?
A. Create the main report.

B. Create the subreport.
C. Add the subreport to the main report.
D. all of the above
85. Which of the following views will you want to use when you work to edit a report?
A. Design view
B. Layout view
D. all of the above
86. Which of the following is a common report modification?
A. adjust the size and spacing of the text box and label controls
B. modify font characteristics or formatting
C. change the border property or back color property of the controls or sections
D. all of the above
87. When using an aggregate function in a report, where should you place the calculation?
A. Report Header section

B. Report Footer section
C. Detail section
D. both A and B
88. Which of the following statement is true about action queries?
A. An action query makes a permanent change to the data in the database.

B. You can use the Undo button to reverse the action.
C. It is not recommended to make a backup copy of your database before you run an action
query.
D. all of the above
89. Which of the following statements is not true about append queries?
A. An append query moves records from one table to another.

B. An append query puts a copy of the records into a destination table.
C. An append query adds records into an existing table in a database.
D. Using an append query, you can copy records from one or multiple tables into the destination
table.
90. Which of the following statements is true about queries?
A. As the number of records in your database increases, you can use query properties to limit the
number of records that display in a result.
B. As the processing of your database becomes more sophisticated, you may need to write
queries that use more complex functions.
C. Queries provide a great deal of power and flexibility to help you accomplish many tasks in your
database.
D. all of the above
Essay Questions
91. Provide some examples of when you might need to use an action query.
92. Why is it a good idea to make a backup copy of your database before running any action query?
93. What is a crosstab query? Why are crosstab queries useful?

94. Describe some situations in which you may end up with duplicated data.
95. What is a subquery? Why are subqueries helpful?
96. What is a parameter report? Why are parameter reports useful?
97. Why is it sometimes necessary to change the height of a report section?

98. What are calculated controls? Explain what you know about using calculated controls in reports.
99. What is concatenation and why might you want to use it?
100.What is a subreport? How do they work?

Access Chapter 06 Creating Advanced Queries and Reports and Using
SQL Answer Key
True / False Questions
1. An action query makes a temporary change to the data in the database and the Undo button is
(p. A6- available to reverse the action.
370)
FALSE
An action query makes a permanent change to the data in the database and the Undo button
is not available to reverse the action.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
Skill: Understand Action Queries
2. Action queries do not display confirmation messages after the action is complete.
(p. A6-
370)
TRUE
Action queries do not display confirmation messages after the action is complete.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
3. It is a good practice to make a backup copy of your database before you run any action
(p. A6- query.
370)
TRUE
It is a good practice to make a backup copy of your database before you run any action query.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
4. While you could modify each record individually in a table, an update query allows you to
(p. A6- make the change to all records using one command.
371)
TRUE
While you could modify each record individually in a table, an update query allows you to
make the change to all records using one command.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
Skill: Create an Update Query
5. In an update query, unlike the Criteria row, the Update To row is not case sensitive.
(p. A6-
372)
FALSE
In an update query, unlike the Criteria row, the Update To row is case sensitive.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
SLO: 06-01
6. A delete query deletes the entire record.

(p. A6-
374)
TRUE
A delete query deletes the entire record.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
Skill: Create a Delete Query
7. Unlike the resulting datasheet from a regular select query, you can edit the results from a
(p. A6- crosstab query.
377)
FALSE
Unlike the resulting datasheet from a regular select query, you cannot edit the results from a
crosstab query.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
Skill: Understand and Build a Crosstab Query
8. After you create a crosstab query with the Crosstab Query Wizard, you can edit it in Design
(p. A6- view and make changes to any of the selections made during the wizard.
379)
TRUE
After you create a crosstab query with the Crosstab Query Wizard, you can edit it in Design
view and make changes to any of the selections made during the wizard.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
9. If duplicate records are present, two or more records in a table share the same values.
(p. A6-
380)
TRUE
If duplicate records are present, two or more records in a table share the same values.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
Skill: Find Duplicate Records
10. Unmatched records are records in one table that do not contain any matching records in a
(p. A6- related table.
381)
TRUE
Unmatched records are records in one table that do not contain any matching records in a
related table.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
Skill: Find Unmatched Records
11. The Top Values query property limits the number of records that display in a query answer.
(p. A6-
383)
TRUE
The Top Values query property limits the number of records that display in a query answer.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
Skill: Find the Top Values in a Query
12. The serial number is designated by the number of days the date is from January 1, 2000.
(p. A6-
384)
FALSE
The serial number is designated by the number of days the date is from January 1, 1900.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
Skill: Understand and Use Date Functions in a Query
13. The Now() function retrieves the current date, including the time, from your computer.
(p. A6-
385)
TRUE
The Now() function retrieves the current date, including the time, from your computer.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
14. When you are viewing a report in Layout or Print Preview view, the sections are not as
(p. A6- obvious as they are in Design view.
390)
TRUE
When you are viewing a report in Layout or Print Preview view, the sections are not as
obvious as they are in Design view.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
Skill: Understand Report Sections
15. Creating a report in Layout view provides you with the most flexibility.
(p. A6-
392)
FALSE
Creating a report in Design view provides you with the most flexibility.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
Skill: Create a Report in Design View
16. An embedded query updates as you add and remove fields from the report.
(p. A6-
393)
TRUE
An embedded query updates as you add and remove fields from the report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
Skill: Understand the Report Data Source
17. A parameter report asks the user to enter the specific criteria value for a field when the report
(p. A6- is run.
395)
TRUE
A parameter report asks the user to enter the specific criteria value for a field when the report
is run.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
Skill: Create a Parameter Report
18. To change the size of a control on a report, simply select the control and use the sizing
(p. A6- handles to adjust the size.
396)
TRUE
To change the size of a control on a report, simply select the control and use the sizing
handles to adjust the size.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
Skill: Adjust the Size of a Control
19. If you want to perform the same modification on several controls, select them all before
(p. A6- performing the change.
399)
TRUE
If you want to perform the same modification on several controls, select them all before
performing the change.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
Skill: Use the Size/Space Button with Multiple Controls
20. A calculated control contains an expression in the Control Source property.

(p. A6-
400)
TRUE
A calculated control contains an expression in the Control Source property.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
Skill: Using Calculated Controls on a Report
21. Access evaluates expressions with the standard order of operations.

(p. A6-
400)
TRUE
Access evaluates expressions with the standard order of operations.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
Skill: Understand and Perform Calculations
22. When the report is in Design view, the expression is visible inside of the control.
(p. A6-
400)
TRUE
When the report is in Design view, the expression is visible inside of the control.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
23. You can place calculated controls in any section of a report.

(p. A6-
400)
TRUE
You can place calculated controls in any section of a report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
24. A running total is not the same as an aggregate function.
(p. A6-
401)
TRUE
A running total is not the same as an aggregate function.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
Skill: Use a Running Total
25. Concatenation combines different parts of an expression using the $ operator.

(p. A6-
402)
FALSE
Concatenation combines different parts of an expression using the & operator.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
26. The report from the "one" side of the relationship is the main report, while the report from the
(p. A6- "many" side of the relationship is the subreport.
407)
TRUE
The report from the "one" side of the relationship is the main report, while the report from the
"many" side of the relationship is the subreport.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
Skill: Understand Subreports
27. You can build the main report and the subreport in any order, but the most common approach
(p. A6- is to build the main report first.
408)
TRUE
You can build the main report and the subreport in any order, but the most common approach
is to build the main report first.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
Skill: Create a Report that Includes a Subreport
28. In a subreport, it is common to use a tabular layout for the fields.
(p. A6-
408)
TRUE
In a subreport, it is common to use a tabular layout for the fields.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
29. Use the Subform/Subreport button to launch the SubReport Wizard to add the subreport.
(p. A6-
409)
TRUE
Use the Subform/Subreport button to launch the SubReport Wizard to add the subreport.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
30. When you open the main report, the subreport opens automatically because the objects are
(p. A6- now attached.
412)
TRUE
When you open the main report, the subreport opens automatically because the objects are
now attached.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
Skill: Customize the Main Report and Subreport
Multiple Choice Questions

31. How many types of action queries are there in Access?
(p. A6-
370)
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
There are four types of action queries in Access.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
Skill: Creating and Using Action Queries
32. Which of the following would you use to give all employees a 2% pay raise?
(p. A6-
371)
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
You would use an update query to give all employees a 2% pay raise.
Blooms: Remember
SLO: 06-01
33. Which of the following makes changes to the data in a database?

(p. A6-
371)
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
An update query makes changes to the data in a database.
Blooms: Remember
SLO: 06-01
34. Which of the following adds records into an existing table in a database?
(p. A6-
372)
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
An append query adds records into an existing table in a database.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
Skill: Create an Append Query
35. Which of the following deletes records from a table in a database?

(p. A6-
374)
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
A delete query deletes records from a table in a database.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
Skill: Create a Delete Query
36. Which of the following would you use to create a history table, which you could then use to
(p. A6- store old records?
375)
A. update query
B. append query
C. delete query
D. make table query
You would use the make table query to create a history table, which you could use to store old
records.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-01
Skill: Create a Make Table Query
37. Which of the following is a tool that makes it easier to build four different types of queries?
(p. A6-
376)
A. Query Wizard
B. crosstab query
The Query Wizard is a tool that makes it easier to build four different types of queries.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
Skill: Exploring the Query Wizard
38. Which of the following displays query results in a row/column format, which makes the data
(p. A6- easier to read and understand?
376)
A. Query Wizard
B. crosstab query
A crosstab query displays query results in a row/column format, which makes the data easier
to read and understand.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
39. On how many dimensions does a crosstab query summarize data?

(p. A6-
376)
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
A crosstab query summaries data on two dimensions.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
40. In a crosstab query, what is the maximum number of fields that you can include as row
(p. A6- headings?
377)
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
In a crosstab query, the maximum number of fields that you can include as row headings is
three.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
41. Which of the following statements is true about duplicate records?

(p. A6-
380)
A. All duplicated data is not bad.

B. Even when you practice good database design, you still may end up with duplicated data.
C. If duplicate records are present, two or more records in a table share the same values.
D. all of the above
All of the statements are true.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
42. Which of the following can you use in your criteria to look for partial matches?
(p. A6-
380)
A. parameter reports
B. subqueries
C. wildcards
D. controls
You can use wildcards in your criteria to look for partial matches.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
43. Which of the following can you use to compare records in two tables and determine which
(p. A6- ones are not matched?
381)
A. Query Wizard
B. crosstab query
You can use an unmatched records query to compare records in two tables and determine
which ones are not matched.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-02
Skill: Find Unmatched Records
44. Which of the following is not a fixed number choice provided by the Top Values query?
(p. A6-
383)
A. 5
B. 25
C. 75
D. 100
The number 75 is not a fixed number choice provided by the Top Values query.
Blooms: Remember
SLO: 06-03
45. Which of the following is not a percentage value choice provided by the Top Values query?
(p. A6-
383)
A. 5%
B. 25%
C. 75%
D. all
The percentage 75% is not a percentage value choice provided by the Top Values query.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
46. In a Top Values query, which of the following is necessary to return the top values?
(p. A6-
383)

In a Top Values query, to have the query results return the top values, you must sort the query
results in descending order on the desired field.
Blooms: Remember
SLO: 06-03
47. In a Top Values query, which of the following is necessary to return the bottom values?
(p. A6-
383)

In a Top Values query, to have the query results return the bottom values, you must sort the
query results in ascending order on the desired field.
Blooms: Remember
SLO: 06-03
48. The serial number Access assigns to a date is designated by the number of days the date is
(p. A6- from _______________.
384)
A. January 1, 1900
B. January 1, 2000
C. December 31, 1900
D. December 31, 2000
The serial number Access assigns to a date is designated by the number of days the date is
from January 1, 1900.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
49. Which of the following Access date functions determines the difference between two dates?
(p. A6-
385)
A. DateSerial()
B. DateAdd()
C. DateDiff()
D. DatePart()
The DateDiff() function determines the difference between two dates.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
Skill: Access Date Functions
50. Which of the following Access date functions determines a specific piece, or interval, of a
(p. A6- date?
385)
A. DateSerial()
B. DateAdd()
C. DateDiff()
D. DatePart()
The DatePart() function determines a specific piece, or interval, of a date.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
51. Which of the following Access date functions converts values into a date value?
(p. A6-
385)
A. DateSerial()
B. DateAdd()
C. DateDiff()
D. DatePart()
The DateSerial() date function converts values into a date value.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
52. Which of the following Access date functions adds to a date?
(p. A6-
385)
A. DateSerial()
B. DateAdd()
C. DateDiff()
D. DatePart()
The DateAdd() function adds to a date.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
53. Which of the following might you use when you have a common starting point (the original
(p. A6- query) but want to customize it for additional purposes (the additional query)?
386)
A. parameter report
B. subquery
C. wildcard
D. control
It is helpful to use a subquery when you have a common starting point (the original query) but
want to customize it for additional purposes (the additional query).
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-03
Skill: Create a Subquery
54. Which of the following report sections prints column headings, page numbers, or dates at the
(p. A6- top of every page?
390)
A. Report Footer
B. Page Header
C. Page Footer
D. Group Header
The Page Header report section prints column headings, page numbers, or dates at the top of
every page.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
55. Which of the following report sections prints page numbers or dates at the bottom of each
(p. A6- page?
390)
A. Report Footer
B. Page Header
C. Page Footer
D. Group Header
The Page Footer report section prints page numbers or dates at the bottom of each page.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
56. Which of the following report sections prints the group title/value at the top of each group?
(p. A6-
390)
A. Report Footer
B. Page Header
C. Page Footer
D. Group Header
The Group Header report section prints the group title/value at the top of each group.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
57. Which of the following report sections prints report totals or other information at the end of the
(p. A6- report?
390)
A. Report Footer
B. Page Header
C. Page Footer
D. Group Header
The Report Footer report section prints report totals or other information at the end of the
report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
58. Which of the following does Access automatically include when you create a report in Design
(p. A6- view?
391)
A. Page Header section

B. Detail section
C. Page Footer section
D. all of the above
When you create a report in Design view, Access automatically includes Page Header, Detail,
and Page Footer sections.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
Skill: Add or Delete Page and Report Sections in Design View
59. Which of the following regulates which database fields are available in a report?
(p. A6-
393)
A. Top Values query

B. Record Source property
C. Structured Query Language
D. Query Wizard
The Record Source property regulates which database fields are available in a report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
Skill: Understand the Report Data Source
60. Which of the following can the data fields for a report come from?
(p. A6-
394)
A. reports
B. queries
C. tables
D. both B and C
The data fields for a report can come from tables or queries.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
Skill: Add and Delete Fields in Design View
61. Which of the following is always used to surround parameter text in a parameter report?
(p. A6-
395)
A. square brackets
B. plus signs
C. parentheses
D. dollar signs
Square brackets are always used to surround parameter text in a parameter report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
62. While displaying a report in Design view, which of the following opens the Property Sheet?
(p. A6-
395)
A. F2
B. F4
C. F6
D. F8
While displaying a report in Design view, F4 opens the Property Sheet.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-04
63. Which of the following are controls that you can add to a report?
(p. A6-
396)
A. text boxes
B. labels
C. lines
D. all of the above
You can add controls such as text boxes, labels, images, or lines to a report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
Skill: Add a Control to a Report
64. Which of the following font characteristics of a control can you change in the Property Sheet of
(p. A6- that control?
397)
A. Font Name
B. Font Size
C. Font Underline
D. all of the above
You can change the font characteristics of a control in the Property Sheet of that control by
changing the Font Name, Font Size, Text Align, Font Weight, Font Underline, Font Italic, or
Fore Color properties.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
Skill: Change the Font Characteristics of a Control
65. Which of the following formatting properties of a control sets the font color?
(p. A6-
398)
A. Decimal Places
B. Visible
C. Back Color
D. Fore Color
The Fore Color formatting property sets the font color.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
Skill: Change Formatting Properties of a Control
66. Which of the following formatting properties of a control sets a fixed number of decimal places
(p. A6- to display?
398)
A. Decimal Places
B. Visible
C. Back Color
D. Fore Color
The Decimal Places formatting property sets a fixed number of decimal places to display.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
67. Which of the following formatting properties of a control determines whether a control shows in
(p. A6- Report view or Print Preview view?
398)
A. Decimal Places
B. Visible
C. Back Color
D. Fore Color
The Visible formatting property of a control determines whether a control shows in Report view
or Print Preview view.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
68. Which of the following formatting properties of a control sets the fill color of a control?
(p. A6-
398)
A. Decimal Places
B. Visible
C. Back Color
D. Fore Color
The Back Color formatting property of a control sets the fill color of a control.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
69. Which of the following lets you select more than one control at once?
(p. A6-
399)
A. Ctrl
B. Alt
C. Shift
D. Esc
The Shift key lets you select more than one control at once.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-05
Skill: Use the Size/Space Button with Multiple Controls
70. Which of the following can you use calculated controls for?
(p. A6-
400)
A. mathematical equations
B. aggregate functions
C. text-based equations
D. all of the above
You can use calculated controls to show the results of a mathematical equation, an aggregate
function, or a text-based equation.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
Skill: Using Calculated Controls on a Report
71. Which of the following must go at the beginning of calculated expressions in Access?
(p. A6-
400)
A. =
B. +
C. (
D. [
An equals sign (=) must go at the beginning of calculated expressions in Access.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
72. Which of the following must you use to view the expression inside a calculated control?
(p. A6-
400)
A. Layout view
B. Design view
D. Page Layout view
You must use Design view to view the expression inside a calculated control.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
73. Which of the following must fields be enclosed with in a calculated expression?
(p. A6-
400)
A. square brackets
B. plus signs
C. parentheses
D. dollar signs
Enclose any fields used in a calculated expression inside square brackets.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
74. Which of the following can a running total field show?

(p. A6-
401)
A. running balance
B. cumulative total
C. counting
D. all of the above
You can use a running total field to show a running balance, cumulative total, or counting.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
75. What is the default value of the Running Sum property?

(p. A6-
401)
A. No
B. Over Group
C. Over All
D. none of the above
No is the default value in the Running Sum property, indicating that the text box is not a
running total.
Blooms: Remember
SLO: 06-06
76. To number rows using a running total, which of the following should you type in the Control
(p. A6- Source property?
402)
A. =1
B. =2
C. =3
D. =4
To number rows using a running total, enter =1 in the Control Source property.
Blooms: Remember
SLO: 06-06
Skill: Number Rows in a Report
77. Which of the following operators is used to concatenate data?

(p. A6-
402)
A. [
B. +
C. &
D. (
Concatenation combines different parts of an expression using the & operator.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
Skill: Concatenate Text Data
78. Which of the following would you use to combine the first and last name fields to produce a
(p. A6- more readable report?
402)
A. concatenation
B. running total
C. one-to-many relationship
D. SQL
You would use concatenation to combine the first and last name fields to produce a more
readable report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
79. In a concatenation formula, how would you insert a comma and a blank space between two
(p. A6- fields?
402)
A. &" "&
B. &", "&
C. =", "&
D. [", "]
In a concatenation formula, &", "& would insert a comma and a blank space between two
fields.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
80. Which of the following would you use to hide repeated values in a report?
(p. A6-
403)
A. concatenation formulas
B. calculated controls
C. Hide Duplicates property
D. Delete query
To hide repeated values in a report, use the Hide Duplicates property.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-06
Skill: Hide Repeated Values
81. Which of the following is inserted within another report?

(p. A6-
407)
A. subreport
B. main report
C. separate object
D. SQL view
A subreport is a report inserted within another report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
82. In a report that shows data from a one-to-many relationship, which of the following is a report
(p. A6- from the "one" side of the relationship?
407)
A. subreport
B. main report
C. separate object
D. SQL object
In a report that shows data from a one-to-many relationship, the report from the "one" side of
the relationship is the main report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
83. Once you add a subreport, it still exists as a ____________________.

(p. A6-
407)
A. subreport
B. main report
C. separate object
D. SQL view
Once you add a subreport, it still exists as a separate object.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
84. What steps are involved in create a report that includes a subreport?
(p. A6-
408)
A. Create the main report.

B. Create the subreport.
C. Add the subreport to the main report.
D. all of the above
All of the steps listed above are involved with creating a subreport.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
85. Which of the following views will you want to use when you work to edit a report?
(p. A6-
412)
A. Design view
B. Layout view
D. all of the above
Anticipate switching back and forth frequently between Design view, Layout view, and Print
Preview view as you work to edit a report.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
86. Which of the following is a common report modification?

(p. A6-
412)
A. adjust the size and spacing of the text box and label controls
B. modify font characteristics or formatting
C. change the border property or back color property of the controls or sections
D. all of the above
All of the tasks are commonly performed when modifying reports.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
87. When using an aggregate function in a report, where should you place the calculation?
(p. A6-
412)
A. Report Header section

B. Report Footer section
C. Detail section
D. both A and B
To use an aggregate function, place the calculation in either the Report Header or Report
Footer section of the subreport.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
SLO: 06-07
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[1091] Cortés, Cartas, 196. Ixtlilxochitl assumes that the submission is tendered
through his namesake, as prince of Tezcuco, the only capital of the tripartite
empire loyal to the Spaniards. Hor. Crueldades, 17-18.
[1092] Also one old Spaniard, believes Bernal Diaz, who relates his own sufferings
minutely, and how he followed some mounted scouts in search of water, which he
found, bringing a supply to Cortés. Hist. Verdad., 133. Vetancurt names this
watering-place Topilejo, now San Miguel. Teatro Mex., pt. iii. 155. Chimalpain
mentions Quauhxômolco, just before. Hist. Conq., ii. 40.
[1093] See Native Races, ii., 345.
[1094] Lorenzana, in Cortés, Hist. N. Esp., 225.
[1095] Six, says Cortés.
[1096] Bernal Diaz states that a soldier named Olea was the main instrument in
saving Cortés, Hist. Verdad., 133; but Ixtlilxochitl, Hist. Chich., 311, gives the credit
to the Tlascaltec lord Chichimecatl, and Chimalpain to a noble named Ocelotzin.
Hist. Conq., ii. 41. Cortés says: ‘Un indio de los de Tlascaltecal,’ Cartas, 199, who
could not be found the next day, and Cortés accordingly attributed the aid, writes
Herrera, to St Peter, dec. iii. lib. i. cap. viii.
[1097] Followed by other bodies. Bernal Diaz, Hist. Verdad., 134; Torquemada, i.
537.
[1098] Cortés leaves the impression that the foremost division of six horse
defeated the foe. Both Gomara and Herrera are confused, and Prescott and
others are led into several mistakes.
[1099] Bernal Diaz names two of them.
[1100] He even willed that his bones should there be entombed, a request which
was not carried out.
[1101] ‘No eran cosas de hombres humanos ... que ayan hecho ningunos vasallos
tan grandes servicios a su Rey ... y dello harian relacion a su Magestad.’ Bernal
Diaz, Hist. Verdad., 135.
[1102] At the junctions of the causeways which led from the different shores to the
southern avenue of Mexico. The place is also known as Acachinanco.
[1103] Bernal Diaz states that Cortés was preparing an ambuscade with ten horse
and four equerries when he fell into one himself and lost the two, whom he names.
Alarmed at his delay, Alvarado went back to look for him. loc. cit. This is less likely
than the version of Cortés.
[1104] Nobles they are termed, and Herrera doubles the number.
[1105] Prescott and others intimate that they passed between the lakes, from
Quauhtitlan to Acolman, but Cortés mentions Zilotepec, which may be identical
with Citlaltepec, as mentioned by Herrera, or Xilotzinco, about two leagues
eastward, as given by Ixtlilxochitl. Bernal Diaz also appears to indicate the
northern route.
[1106] Bernal Diaz, Hist. Verdad., 129.
[1107] Bernal Diaz assumes that more than one captain-general was to be
appointed. ‘Para boluerse a Cuba, y deshazer a Cortes,’ is all the explanation
given by Gomara, Hist. Mex., 178.
[1108] Such are in substance the words used by Cortés in his relation to the
emperor. ‘E cómo yo vi que se me habia revelado tan gran traicion, dí gracias á
nuestro Señor, porque en aquello consistia el remedio.’ Cartas, 269.
[1109] So Cortés intimates, while Herrera states that Villafañe hastened to devour
the paper. His throat being pressed, about half of it was rescued. dec. iii. lib. i. cap.
i. He further says that Sandoval was sent to make the arrest; but Bernal Diaz
asserts that Cortés went in person, which is likely under the circumstances, and
took from Villafañe’s breast the paper. Finding thereon so many names of quality
he caused it to be rumored that the man had eaten it, or part of it. Hist. Verdad.,
136-7. Clavigero assumes that the culprit revealed the names, and that Cortés
preferred not to believe him. Storia Mess., iii. 191. Torture failed to extort any
names from him, writes Torquemada, i. 528, and those on the list he declared to
be merely of men whom he intended to sound.
[1110] ‘Un alcalde y yo lo condenamos á muerte.’ Cortés, Cartas, 269.
[1111] Bernal Diaz states that he frightened many by having them arrested and
threatened with trial; probably those seized with Villafañe. Oviedo, iii. 515,
mentions Escudero as executed for plotting; but this is doubtful. As for Verdugo,
he became regidor of Mexico, and in 1529 alcalde. He afterward joined Guzman’s
expedition and settled at Tonalá in Jalisco. Razon, in Cortés, Residencia, i. 363.
[1112] This was Cortés’ own idea, says Bernal Diaz, and he appealed to us to
guard him. Hist. Verdad., 137. Quiñones was succeeded by Francisco de Tenesas
[Terrazas]. Ixtlilxochitl, Hist. Chich., 313.
CHAPTER XXXII.
INVESTMENT OF MEXICO.
May-June, 1521.
Phases of Heroism—The Brigantines upon the Lake—Division of Forces

between Alvarado, Sandoval, and Olid—Desertion, Capture, and
Execution of Xicotencatl—Departure of the Troops from Tezcuco—
Naval Battle—Possession Taken of the Causeways—At One Point
Cortés unexpectedly Gains Entrance to the City—But is Driven out.
The ideal heroic character is to be viewed from two standpoints:

the effect of heroism on the hero, and on the world. A very bad
person may do mankind a great service. An evil-minded man, while
sinking his soul yet deeper in corruption, may bring benefactions
upon society. But even a fairly good man cannot increase his innate
nobleness of character while doing injury to his fellows.
I do not know that the claim of good man was ever advanced for
Hernan Cortés, except, indeed, by that strange fanaticism which,
dazzled by one object, fails to see other objects, or the terrible
means for their attainment. He and his followers formed a sad
mixture of good and evil, in which the latter predominated, if judged
by the moral standard which they had formed for themselves as
soldiers of the cross. The grossest injustice, the most horrible
wickedness constituted part of their moral ideal, so that while fighting
for the highest morality they were the most immoral of men. Long
after the conquest was consummated, under the ministrations of
men of piety and ability, it would seem that the weapons used by
these conquerors, who at times justified murder as the highest
morality, were still instinct with blood, even as the cornel-wood spear
with which the king of Thrace transfixed the unhappy Polydorus
springs into life instinct with the blood of Priam’s slaughtered son.
Cortés was not an idealist after the manner of Columbus. Both
were full of egoism; the spiritual-mindedness of both was essentially
selfish. They would both dictate terms to God and their king, that for
so much service they must have so much reward. Both were full of
the follies of their day; but Columbus displayed a grave, unconscious
folly, while Cortés consciously indulged in all the follies of lust and
cruelty that prudence admitted or his aim demanded. Cortés
abandoned himself to ambition; Columbus to brooding thought. The
insanity of reckless adventure was not the insanity of Columbus, who
nevertheless was as mad as any lunatic in his own way.
Commanding energy and practical daring were as conspicuous in
Cortés as in Columbus; but it happened that the aims of Columbus
were of greater import to the race than those of Cortés.
How alike, and yet how different, these men! Cortés was
impetuous and extravagant; Columbus calm, calculating, and
prudent. One was full of joyous activity, the simple exercise of which
was his greatest pleasure; obligations of every sort sat lightly on him;
the other was but an instrument in the hands of providence. Both
were ambitious, both excessively religious; but Cortés, in the main,
made religion subservient to advancement, as before noted, while
mundane glories to Columbus were hollow indeed beside his
heavenly aspirations. Both were exceedingly great men; both
became eminent by a selfish adventure of self; but Columbus saw
the New World through the glorious haze of immortality, while Cortés
viewed Mexico under the lightly woven covering of personal
ambition.
Cortés was an Antony rather than a Cæsar, nor did he lack that
one great gift of Antony’s, subordination, as we have seen. He was
not so greatly in love with himself, stood not so greatly in awe of
himself, as Cæsar; he was possessed of finer perceptions and
feelings, and with consummate versatility could drop himself out of
his plans as occasion required. Nor was Cortés without imagination
and the æsthetic sense, though of a grosser and sensual kind; but it
is not in great men that we are to look for the swelling harmonies of
nature.
A turning-point was now reached in the campaign. The
brigantines were completed, and the siege could begin. The day for
the entry of the vessels into the lake was a gala day, inaugurated
with the communion and festive with the concourse of gayly attired
spectators.[1113] After prayer and a discourse the flags with name
and royal arms were hoisted on each vessel,[1114] amid salvos and
cheers, and the dams being broken, the gallant fleet floated down
the canal to the placid lake.
While the mute bunting was thus proclaiming Spanish
supremacy over these inland waters, a Te Deum, in which joined a
thousand voices, echoed aloud the gratitude of every heart. Each
vessel was placed in charge of a captain[1115] with twenty-four
Spaniards, of whom about six were cross-bowmen and
arquebusiers, some artillerists to manage the bronze gun, and
twelve rowers, six to each side. The boats were evidently half-
decked.[1116]
Active preparations were now made to begin the siege.
Tlascaltecs, Huexotzincas, Cholultecs, Chalcans, and other allies
were summoned to send in contingents by Whitsunday, the latter to
assemble at Chalco, and the Tlascaltecs at Tezcuco. Though but ten
days’ notice was given, the last named presented themselves in the
camp before the appointed time to the number of over fifty thousand,
which was increased by later reënforcement.[1117]
As they approached Tezcuco under the guidance of Ojeda, and
commanded notably by Chichimecatl and Xicotencatl junior, they
spread out in one long serpentine file, bristling with iztli points and
brilliant with shields and armor covered with variegated devices and
flowing plumage, while at intervals waved high the banners of the
different corps. Cortés went forth to meet them with grand
demonstrations, and as they marched past loud vivas[1118] rent the
air.
On the 28th of April Cortés had mustered his forces and found
that, with the several reënforcements lately arrived, there were
present over nine hundred Spaniards, of whom eighty-six were
horsemen and one hundred and eighteen cross-bowmen and
arquebusiers;[1119] the rest being armed with swords and shields and
the more formidable pikes. They were well protected with cotton
armor, many having cuirasses and corselets, and small weapons
were not wanting. The artillery consisted of three heavy iron guns,
fifteen smaller pieces of bronze, mostly distributed among the
vessels, with ten quintals of powder and a quantity of shot, while
some fifty thousand arrows had been furnished by the Tezcucan
towns, all fitted according to pattern with copper tips.[1120]
Not only had the Spaniards, particularly the new recruits, been
well exercised in cavalry movements, target practice, fencing, and
pike drill, but the allies had been trained to a certain extent in
European tactics. For efficiency and good conduct this army rose far
above any yet mustered in the Indies. In the usual speech before the
ranks, Cortés pointed out how God had favored them with constant
victories and with reënforcements which had nearly doubled their
number and resources. They might indeed be hopeful, for holy was
their cause. Full of confidence they could march against the only
stronghold yet opposed to them, avenge their slaughtered comrades,
and win riches and glory for themselves.
On Whitmonday, the 20th of May, an apportionment of the troops
was made to Alvarado, Olid, and Sandoval, who led the cavalry in
person, but directed the movements of the infantry through captains,
and of the allies through native chiefs. Each received from twenty-
four to thirty horsemen, and one hundred and fifty infantry, divided
into two or three battalions, with a proportionate number of
arquebusiers, cross-bowmen, guns, and ammunition, besides from
twenty to forty thousand allies. To Sandoval was given the smallest
number of horse and the largest number of allies, those gathered at
Chalco having orders to await him, while Alvarado received a full half
of the Tlascaltec force, with whom the Tonatiuh was a great favorite.
To this leader Tlacopan was assigned for head-quarters; to Olid,
Coyuhuacan; and Sandoval received orders to complete the
destruction of Iztapalapan, and then to advance through
Coyuhuacan and along one of the southern causeways, and there to
select his head-quarters, under the protection of the brigantines.
These appointments and orders underwent several changes during
the siege. For himself Cortés selected the management of the fleet,
whereon so much depended during the opening of the siege, and in
addition to its ships’ companies of three hundred men he was
supported by several thousand allies, chiefly Tezcucans under
Ixtlilxochitl, who attended in a large number of canoes. This selection
hardly pleased the army, which considered their operations the most
important and dangerous, and therefore in need of Cortés’
supervision. But he evidently never intended to remain with the fleet
except at the beginning.[1121]
The following day the allied forces apportioned to Alvarado and
Olid were ordered to march in advance, for greater convenience, to
the border of Tezcuco province and there await the Spaniards. Not
many hours after their departure a messenger appeared with the
announcement that Xicotencatl, the companion general of
Chichimecatl, had disappeared. Inquiries revealed that shortly before
his cousin Piltecuhtli had been severely and wantonly struck by a
soldier during a quarrel over some carriers. In order to save the
soldier from the wrath of Cortés, Ojeda, the Spanish inspecting
officer over the allied forces, smoothed the matter and sent the
injured nobleman home. It was claimed by some that this outrage
had so wounded Xicotencatl that he followed his cousin. Others
assumed that both chiefs were in love with the same woman, and
that Xicotencatl could not bear to leave his rival alone in the field. But
the true reason lay no doubt in his dislike to fight for the Spaniards,
whom he had never ceased to oppose, openly and in secret, as
invaders bent on the enslavement of the whole country. This idea, if
faint at first, had become more fixed with every fresh blow against
his personal ambition, such as the first series of defeats which
plucked from him his just renown; the equal or perhaps superior
position assigned in the native army to Chichimecatl, of whom he
appears to have been deeply jealous;[1122] and the prospect of a
wearisome and unprofitable campaign, wherein he must be content
to figure as a subordinate, not only of Alvarado, but subject perhaps
to the orders of petty Spanish officers. All this became too galling to
his proud spirit, and with a few followers he turned toward his
mountain home.
It would never do to countenance desertion, and by so prominent
a man, at the very opening of a campaign; and Cortés immediately
sent a number of troopers in pursuit, with instructions to represent to
the chief the gravity of his offence, which cast a heavy stain on
Tlascaltec honor, and to persuade him to return. They speedily
overtook him, only to meet with insolence. He would not go back; if
his people had listened to him they would not now be tools and
servants of a horde of foreigners. With this reply the troops were
forced to return. “This cacique is incorrigible,” exclaimed Cortés,
“and will ever be a traitor and counsellor to evil. I have had enough
of him!” The troopers were at once sent back, accompanied by an
alguacil and some trusty Tlascaltec nobles, with orders to arrest the
fugitive and bring him to Tezcuco. In a letter to the republican lords,
Cortés at the same time complained of the desertion and its grave
influence, and declared that according to Spanish law the penalty
was death. They replied that the same punishment obtained in
Tlascala; and not only do they appear to have actively aided in
surrendering the culprit, but they declared all his property, including
wives and slaves, confiscated to the crown, against which he had
sinned.[1123] Indeed, the arrogance of the young chief does not
seem to have endeared him to the other rulers. Instantly on his
arrival he was sentenced and hanged on a very high gallows, while
the crier and interpreter announced his crime.
The execution of so prominent a chief, heir to one of the rulers
among his best allies, was an act which few besides Cortés would
have ventured on; but he saw the necessity for a firm observance of
discipline, and was not deceived in the salutary effect which it had on
the allies.[1124] There were not many Tlascaltecs left in Tezcuco, or a
serious demonstration might have occurred; as it was, the mantle
and maxtli of the deceased were secured, and an eager contest
ensued for them as relics. Axayacatzin Xicotencatl had achieved
fame before the advent of the Spaniards.[1125]
Alvarado and Olid had set out from Tezcuco for Tlacopan with
their Spanish forces on the 22d of May,[1126] taking the same route
by which Cortés had returned from the Xochimilco campaign, and
though longer than that north of Tezcuco Lake, yet it was easier and
safer. On approaching Acolman, Olid sent a party in advance to
secure quarters, and when Alvarado arrived he found every house
bearing the green bough on the roof, which indicated occupancy.
This raised a tumult between the parties, and even the captains
would have come to blows but for the interference of friends.
Informed of the trouble, Cortés took steps to reconcile them,
although the two leaders never renewed their former intimacy.
On the evening of the fourth day they reached Tlacopan, which
was deserted, as were all the towns along the route.[1127] Late as
was the hour, forages and reconnoissances were made, involving a
skirmish with the Mexicans. The following day, Sunday, Olid
proceeded to Chapultepec to cut the aqueduct which supplied the
city, a task which involved another encounter wherein a score of
Mexicans fell. Meanwhile the canals were filled and other obstacles
removed which might impede a free advance, and foraging tours
were made. The Mexicans continued to harass the operations with
repeated sallies, and finally Alvarado, with characteristic rashness,
pursued them until his troops were well advanced between the
houses and bridges. The Mexicans, who had retreated on purpose,
now rolled back upon his front and flanks. The roofs, hitherto
deserted, teemed with slingers and archers, who showered their
missiles with terrible effect, while from the lanes and openings
between the houses sprang numbers who assailed the cramped
soldiers with their long lances, swords, and clubs, and leaped back
into their holes and canoes and behind breastworks whenever they
were pressed. The allies were ordered back, and the Spaniards
slowly retreated, with a loss of eight killed and fifty wounded, glad to
be relieved from their strait.
Olid was highly incensed with Alvarado for his rashness, and
regardless of all remonstrance he seized the pretext to hasten the
departure to his own camp at Coyuhuacan. He established his head-
quarters on Corpus Christi day, the 30th of May, and from this date,
accordingly, Clavigero and many others date the beginning of the
siege. The causeway leading thence to Mexico was broken, and he
sought for several days to cover the breaches and gain a footing
upon it, but without success. The Mexican warriors displayed great
spirit, and their leaders are to be blamed for not energetically
assuming the offensive and attacking the two camps.
The Mexicans had not quite understood the drift of Cortés’ delay
and preliminary manœuvres. When they found two camps
established, the aqueduct destroyed, and earnest preparations in
progress for investment, their eyes were opened; but they were then
too bewildered to act with promptness and precision. The chronicles
relate that Quauhtemotzin held a grand council to consider the
situation, and to sound the spirit of the people for peace or war, so
that there might be no faltering when necessity came. A number
indeed of the elder and wiser lords, particularly of the Montezuma
faction, spoke of the formidable enginery and strength of the
Spaniards, and their host of allies, and expressed fears of failure.
With the occupation of all the surrounding territory, and the influx of
people from abroad, the food supply might fall short, and famine and
sickness ensue. But the young men and the warriors, as might be
expected, would listen to no counsellor whose words implied
cowardice; they were enthusiastic for resistance, and formed too
numerous a party to allow the entertaining of peace proposals.
Quauhtemotzin cautiously refrained from committing himself,[1128]
but reminded the assembly that the oracles of their gods and heroic
ancestors had above all to be listened to in so important a matter as
the preservation of the homes and sacred temples intrusted to their
care. He knew well what answer would come from the priests, whose
possessions, wealth, and honors depended on the exclusion of
invaders, aiming above all at the overthrow of their religion. “My
people shall not fear the enemy,” spake the war-god Huitzilopochtli,
“for the allied hosts will not persevere long in the siege, and I will
scatter the Castilians now as hitherto.” This utterance suited many
views, and the declaration for war was solemnized by sacrifices of
human beings, including the four Spaniards lately captured.[1129]
Renewed efforts were made to fortify and supply the city, and
canoes were collected to aid in the defence. With insolent
assurance, derived from the oracles, corps of warriors would
advance close to the Spanish camps and vent their feelings with
insults and menaces, “Men of evil, you shall pay for your madness!
Behold, the gods have already feasted on your bodies!” they cried,
flinging in among the horrified soldiers pieces of their sacrificed
comrades. “Our snakes shall drink your blood, and our tigers devour
your flesh, though they are already satiated therewith. And you,
infamous Tlascaltecs, slaves and traitors! you shall atone for your
misdeeds; you shall die a bad death, and furnish flesh for our
banquets! Behold!” And therewith they threw in disjointed pieces of
dusky human bodies. “We shall not rest till your land is desolated,
and not a man or woman left to perpetuate your vile race.”
Unabashed by this tirade the Tlascaltecs told them not to threaten
like women, but to act like men. Still it were better for them to yield
unless they wished to be destroyed.
Cortés had been delayed till the fleet should be fully prepared.
On the 31st of May, following Corpus Christi day, he was able to
despatch Sandoval, who, reënforced by some forty thousand allies
awaiting him on the Chalco border, marched against Iztapalapan.
Although severely crippled by Cortés’ expedition, this town still
figured as a stronghold of too great importance to be left in the rear.
Advised of the movement, the Mexicans hurried by road and water to
aid in covering the retreat of the inhabitants. Suddenly smoke
columns were observed in different parts of the lake, and cries of
alarm ran through the town. Yet more and more hurriedly the people
fled, and while one body of warriors retired along the causeway to
Mexico, others departed in canoes. The Spanish forces pressed
onward in close pursuit, and slaughter, pillage, and torch
accompanied them. The chief cause of the panic was the
appearance of the brigantines, which had set sail shortly after
Sandoval’s departure, attended by a large number of Tezcucan
canoes[1130] whose object was to coöperate against Iztapalapan. On
approaching it the vessels passed close to a steep rocky isle, the
Tepepulco, since known as El Peñol del Marqués,[1131] occupied by
a large number of fugitives who shouted defiance, and showered
stones and arrows. Finding that Sandoval required no aid, Cortés
resolved to inflict a lesson on the insolent islanders. The Mexicans
appeared confident in the impregnable strength of the rock, and
gave so warm a reception to the hundred and fifty men with whom
Cortés began to climb it, that fully a score were wounded at the
onset. The brigantines turned their guns upon them, however, and
under this cover the soldiers speedily gained the summit, there to
wreak bloody vengeance. Not a man was spared, only the women
and children. “It was a beautiful victory!” exclaims Cortés.
While they were pillaging, a large fleet of canoes, five hundred at
the lowest estimate,[1132] was seen to approach from the direction of
Mexico, bristling with iztli points, which found a gleaming reflection in
the smooth waters of the lake. Cortés ordered an immediate return
to the brigantines, and rowed them forward into an extended line. He
had longed for an opportunity like this, to meet a formidable fleet
upon which the brigantines might inflict a lesson severe enough to
open the eyes of the enemy to their invincible power; for “in them lay
the key of war,” as he expressed it. Unfortunately the wind was so
light as barely to flap the sails. The hostile fleet had already drawn
up in good order just beyond range, evidently puzzled at the passive
attitude of the monster vessels, yet shouting defiance.[1133] Cortés
stood chafing with impatience, for without wind his greatest
advantage would be lost, and his position even become precarious.
Just then the waters rippled and a breeze came from abaft which
speedily freshened. “Ah, God favors us!” he cried, and with a grateful
gaze toward heaven he gave orders to advance under full sail. As
they came close to the enemy a blinding volley was sent pouring in
upon them from the whole line, from guns, arquebuses, and cross-
bows, and while the natives were trying to recover from their
confusion, from out the smoke burst the ponderous bows, crashing
into the lines of canoes, overturning, breaking, and sinking. In the
vessels’ wake were wrecks and struggling bodies, while the few
canoes which had escaped by passing between the ships struggled
to escape the Tezcucan boats in the rear. At the first encounter the
canoes in the farther lines turned in hot haste for home, as did a vast
number of others which had ventured forth, partly with
reënforcements, partly with spectators. But the clumsy-looking
vessels sped faster, pursuing their career of destruction for three
leagues, into the very canals of the city, whence they turned back to
pick up captives. The victory exceeded the wildest hopes of the
Spaniards, as Cortés admits, for not only did the Aztecs lose a great
number of their foremost warriors and their best canoes, but they
surrendered forever to the formidable craft sovereignty over the lake
waters, and with it the hope of assistance from trans-lacustrine allies.
Encouraged by this success, Olid advised Alvarado, and both
hastened to take advantage of the panic to advance along the
causeways and effect considerable execution, impelled as they were
with emulation and fresh courage.[1134] Olid had advanced close to
Fort Xoloc, which with its stout battlemented walls and towers
guarded the junction of the southern causeways, when the
brigantines approached it from the eastern side. It was already after
vespers; nevertheless Cortés landed to coöperate with his lieutenant
and pursue the advantage gained. A breach was made in the wall
with one of the heavy guns, and under cover of the fleet’s artillery the
place was soon carried. Cortés had intended to make Coyuhuacan
his head-quarters, but such were the obvious advantages of Xoloc,
in strength and in position, for it lay but half a league from Mexico
and was connected in the rear with the mainland by three
causeways, that he at once decided to establish his camp there,
making it also his naval station.
Enraged rather than discouraged by the several defeats,
Quauhtemotzin ordered a night attack on Xoloc, contrary to native
custom. They approached both by sea and land, but owing to their
noise they were observed, and driven back by the artillery. The fort
was not very strong on the northern side, and the force within was
small; but in the morning half of Olid’s troops came to reënforce him,
together with fifty of Sandoval’s infantry. The addition was opportune,
for the Mexicans were advancing in swarms along the causeway as
well as by water, this time on the inner side of the road where the
vessels could not reach them. The heavy guns soon cleared a space
on the roadway, but as the soldiers pursued they suffered severely
from the canoes, which not only showered missiles but afforded
retreat for the sallying parties. Orders were accordingly given to cut a
passage through the embankment, so that the four brigantines might
enter to clear the inner basin. By this means the Spaniards were
able to advance to the very entrance of the city and inflict some
damage, while the remaining vessels explored the waters beyond,
and drove back canoes and fired buildings in the suburbs.
Sandoval at the same time advanced along the causeway from
Iztapalapan to Coyuhuacan. It was a league and a half in length, and
a quarter of a league from shore it passed through an island town,
which was captured and burned. Advised of this, Quauhtemotzin
directed a fleet to cut the causeway and entrap the Spaniards; but
before long two of the vessels were able to relieve Sandoval, who
thereupon left a portion of his troops, including the allies, at
Coyuhuacan, and joined his chief with the remainder. Nearly a week
was occupied in strengthening Fort Xoloc, arranging the camp, and
bringing in supplies, during which time desultory skirmishings were
maintained, wherein Sandoval among others received wounds. The
brigantines roamed incessantly and inflicted great damage, entering
on one occasion for a long distance a canal which led into the
suburbs.[1135] Canoes no longer ventured abroad when a sail was in
sight, and the Mexicans began to protect the water approaches and
channels with stakes.
In order to complete the investment of the city it was only
necessary to occupy the northern causeway to Tepeyacac, along
which the besieged maintained a steady intercourse with the
mainland. Advised of this neglect by Alvarado, the general ordered
Sandoval to form a camp at that town[1136] with one hundred and
forty Spaniards, of whom twenty-three were horsemen, and a full
proportion of allies. Alvarado had half as many more infantry and a
few more cavalry, while two hundred infantry were quartered at
Xoloc, supported besides by a cavalry force in the rear, and by Olid’s
party, with whom remained the largest proportion of allies, now over
eighty thousand, according to Cortés’ own statement. The fort could
not hold them, and they accordingly encamped at Coyuhuacan,
which lay more convenient for supplies, and must be occupied to
watch the hostile shore and lake towns clustered in this quarter. The
brigantines carried at least two hundred and fifty men.[1137]
Everything being prepared, Cortés ordered a simultaneous
attack from all the camps, so as to divide the attention of the
Mexicans and gain all possible advantage. He himself advanced
along the Iztapalapan causeway with the greater part of his infantry,
attended by several cavaliers on foot, and by over eighty thousand
allies, while a vessel skirted the road on either side. There was more
than one breach in the road, behind which were posted large forces
of warriors protected by intrenchments of earth and masonry.
Without the vessels it would have cost much time and many lives
to cross; but the well-directed fire from the guns and arquebuses on
the flanks and rear of the enemy soon wrought disorder, which
enabled the sallying parties to obtain a foothold. Meanwhile a
number of infantry had swum across the channel and aided to drive
the Mexicans beyond the next breach. The same manœuvre was
repeated at this and the other chasms, till the army found itself at the
very entrance of the city, protected by a wider channel than the
preceding, with more extensive fortifications, commanded by a
temple tower. This with its swarms of slingers and archers made the
capture difficult, and the Mexicans also showed more determination;
but the guns and fusillade could not be resisted, and soon the
Spaniards stood within the city for the first time since the memorable
Noche Triste. Revenge seemed already secured, and the lost
treasures almost within the invaders’ grasp. Cortés, however, did not
permit himself to be carried away by a momentary success. He saw
the main street beyond thronged with warriors fiercely bent on
resistance, streets as far as the distant temple of the war-god
bordered with buildings, each a fortress in itself, while many a
barricaded channel blocked the way.
A large force of allies had been left to fill the chasm and level the
ground as the army advanced, using for this purpose the captured
intrenchments and buildings, or even material from the causeway
itself. This work was under the direction of Diego Hernandez, a man
of herculean strength, who could throw a stone with a force and
precision, it was said, approximating those of cannon.[1138] This
filling of the chasms enabled the horses to be brought forward, and
they now led the charge against the dense masses of natives, after
the arquebuses had effected the preliminary clearing. Cortés had not
underestimated the annoyance to be encountered from the archers
and slingers covering the roofs on either side; but the operations of
the cavalry left the many arquebusiers and cross-bowmen at liberty
to cover the points of approach through which the allies in particular
poured in countless numbers with sidearms and fire-brands. The
progress so far had surpassed all anticipation; but now the
Spaniards came to a canal from which the retreating Mexicans
removed the few planks remaining of the bridge, leaving a solitary
beam. Here the warriors were massed in greater confidence, free as
they were from the attack of vessels and sheltered by strong
intrenchments, while the adjoining roofs, equally protected by the
canals, teemed with missile-throwers. The soldiers tried again and
again to cross the chasm, only to be driven back with injury. The
volleys from cross-bows and fire-arms could effect but little damage
against the well sheltered warriors, while their arrows and stones
came in rattling showers. Finally two cannon were brought forward.
This changed the issue, for a breach was speedily made in the
intrenchments, and now the small-arms were able to coöperate with
great execution.
After a delay of two hours the soldiers were across; and while
the allies filled the canal they again pursued their advance along the
avenue, though suffering considerably from the roof missiles. They
now came to the last channel in the street, close to the main plaza,
wherein stood the famous temple of Huitzilopochtli.
The advance of the Spaniards had been so unexpected and
rapid that the Mexicans had not thought of fortifying this canal, and
little difficulty was met in crossing. But beyond, the plaza was filled
with files of defenders, determined to save their deities and that
sacred ground. Greatly frightened, the priests cried out to them:
“Behold! it was here upon this spot you fought these beings infernal
before, and drove them forth in shameful flight; the gods will help you
again!” Even the Spanish soldiers were impressed by the words and
gestures of the frantic devotees, and noted their effect in the
gleaming eyes and pressed lips of the warriors, and they paused.
But presently a gun was brought forward and directed against the
packed throng. This effected a backward movement. “There is no
time for rest or fear!” shouted Cortés, as with shield in hand he
rushed forward. With a thundering Santiago the soldiers followed.
The charge was irresistible, and already startled by the mowing
cannon-balls the Mexicans took refuge within the temple enclosure
and in the by-streets.
The Spaniards followed the crowd within the sacred grounds,
slashing and thrusting. It seemed a repetition of Alvarado’s
massacre, and the war-god, thirsting for blood, might now have his
fill. In a few moments not a warrior was left round the temple, only
prostrate bodies. Then the soldiers prepared to ascend the pyramid
to hurl down the idol and its defenders. But the deity was aroused.
The sombre notes of the sacred drum struck their fearful appeal on
every heart, “Rouse ye to your imperilled hearths and temples!” It
was but now the Mexicans observed that the death-dealing
horsemen were not present, for the last channel had not yet been
filled to afford a crossing. This lent them courage, and on the foe
they quickly rushed from lanes and houses, while down from the
temple-top came a doubly inspired avalanche. The shock was
overwhelming. The Spaniards were forced to retire, partly in
disorder. Cortés made frantic efforts to stay the flight, and at the gate
a momentary rally was made by a few; but what availed that handful
against the torrent sweeping onward, headed by the renowned band
of Quauhtin? Perforce they must yield and join the troops which were
in such hasty flight from the plaza that they even abandoned the
cannon. Cortés was on foot in the crowd, and his voice was drowned
in the tumult. He could but follow with the wild current, which
threatened to lead into another disaster. Just then cries of alarm
burst from the crowds on the roofs, and there was a lull in the
shower of stones and darts, and the pressure of pursuers relaxed.
The next moment the ears of the wandering Spaniards caught the
clatter of hoofs.
The cavalry had come up; a revulsion set in. They were but a
few,[1139] but enough to bring back to the minds of the Mexicans
their original and ever present fear of the monsters, for they knew
not how many might be coming down upon them.
The infantry followed the horsemen with inspiring cheers, and
bore unresisted onward, for the late bravery of the foe was now
turned to cowardice. Before long the Spaniards had penetrated
through the plaza and occupied once more the temple court. Once
more their looks were upward toward the summit of the lofty pyramid
consecrated during their former occupation to the holy virgin; and
while the main portion of the troops fought the now rallying
Mexicans, a sturdy handful undertook the capture of the sanctuary. A
dozen chiefs held possession, but naught could stay the fury of the
soldiers, and in a few moments the last defender had yielded his
spirit in defense of his faith.
The Spaniards looked in vain for any trace of their own altar and
symbols, round which they had so oft congregated in prayer. In their
stead rose a new idol glittering with ornaments and hideous with
devices, while fresh stains of blood spread horror over all. The gleam
of gold proved all absorbing, however, and hastily the jewels and the
golden mask were torn away, and then the head of the idol was
struck off and sent clattering below.[1140]
There was time for nothing more, for on finding so few horsemen
present, the Quauhtin knights had again made an effective rally,
pressing the troops closely. Fortunately a larger force of cavalry
came up again to turn the tide of battle and inflict a severe lesson. As
it was late by this time, there remained no choice but that of
returning to camp. This movement gave fresh confidence to the
Mexicans, who followed in swarms, harassing from roofs and lanes,
on front and flanks, rushing forward with renewed fury after every
charge by the cavalry which covered the rear. But for the horses the
soldiers would have suffered severely; as it was, the retreat
proceeded in good order, and as many houses as possible were
fired with a view to make the next entry safer. On approaching the
causeway the canoe crews, composed of selected warriors, fell on
the flanks and created no little confusion before they were driven

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Microsoft Office Access 2013 Complete

In Practice 1st Edition Easton Test

Creating Advanced Queries and Reports and Using SQL

True / False Questions

6. A delete query deletes the entire record.

21. Access evaluates expressions with the standard order of operations.

23. You can place calculated controls in any section of a report.

24. A running total is not the same as an aggregate function.

25. Concatenation combines different parts of an expression using the $ operator.

28. In a subreport, it is common to use a tabular layout for the fields.

31. How many types of action queries are there in Access?

33. Which of the following makes changes to the data in a database?

35. Which of the following deletes records from a table in a database?

39. On how many dimensions does a crosstab query summarize data?

A. All duplicated data is not bad.

A. sorting the results in ascending order

A. sorting the results in ascending order

52. Which of the following Access date functions adds to a date?

A. Page Header section

A. Top Values query

74. Which of the following can a running total field show?

75. What is the default value of the Running Sum property?

77. Which of the following operators is used to concatenate data?

83. Once you add a subreport, it still exists as a ____________________.

A. Create the main report.

A. Report Header section

88. Which of the following statement is true about action queries?

A. An action query makes a permanent change to the data in the database.

A. An append query moves records from one table to another.

90. Which of the following statements is true about queries?

93. What is a crosstab query? Why are crosstab queries useful?

95. What is a subquery? Why are subqueries helpful?

96. What is a parameter report? Why are parameter reports useful?

97. Why is it sometimes necessary to change the height of a report section?

100.What is a subreport? How do they work?

True / False Questions

6. A delete query deletes the entire record.

A delete query deletes the entire record.

20. A calculated control contains an expression in the Control Source property.

A calculated control contains an expression in the Control Source property.

21. Access evaluates expressions with the standard order of operations.

Access evaluates expressions with the standard order of operations.

23. You can place calculated controls in any section of a report.

You can place calculated controls in any section of a report.

A running total is not the same as an aggregate function.

25. Concatenation combines different parts of an expression using the $ operator.

Concatenation combines different parts of an expression using the & operator.

In a subreport, it is common to use a tabular layout for the fields.

Multiple Choice Questions

There are four types of action queries in Access.

33. Which of the following makes changes to the data in a database?

An update query makes changes to the data in a database.

An append query adds records into an existing table in a database.

35. Which of the following deletes records from a table in a database?

A delete query deletes records from a table in a database.

39. On how many dimensions does a crosstab query summarize data?

A crosstab query summaries data on two dimensions.

41. Which of the following statements is true about duplicate records?

A. All duplicated data is not bad.

All of the statements are true.

A. sorting the results in ascending order

A. sorting the results in ascending order

The DateDiff() function determines the difference between two dates.