Unit # 09

Reflection and Refraction of Light

Short Questions/Answers
Question-01
How can we see ordinary, nonluminous objects?
Answers
Ordinary and nonluminous objects reflect the light falling on them and reflected
light can be sensed by the sense of sight and thus we are able to see nonluminous
objects
Question-02
What is the minimum number of mirrors needed to see back of your head?
Answers
Two mirrors are needed to see the back of my head. One is in front of your
eyesight and second at the back of your head.
Question-03
At which position does the image of an object has the same magnification?
Answers
The image of an object has the same magnification at mid of curvature.
Question-04
Can a convex mirror produce a real image of an object?
Answers
No, a convex mirror cannot produce a real image of an object. It always produces
virtual and erect image.

Long Question/Answers
Question-01
State laws of reflection. Discuss how a plane mirror forms a virtual image.
Answers
According to the laws of reflection, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of
incidence.
When a light rays from an object fall on a plane mirror, they get reflected from the
mirror. After reflection they never meet at any point in real but appear to meet at some
point. That’s why mirror formed by plane mirror cannot be obtained on a screen and
virtual image is formed.
Question-02
Explain the image formation by convex and concave mirrors.
Answers
The image formed by the concave is real and inverted .While in the case of convex the
reflection takes place from the outer surface of the spherical. The image formed by the
convex is virtual erect
Unit-10
Electricity and Magnetism

Short Questions/Answers
Question-01
Why does an electrical device need two conducting paths from a voltage source to
operate?
Answers
We need two wires because when we connect an electronic device to a battery.
Question-02
Why do wires usually warm up when an electric current passes through them?
Answers
Wires usually warm up when electric current passes through then because the wire is
having electrical resistance which means that they resist the motion of electron, the
electron pump into atoms on outside of the wire and some of kinetic energy given to
the atom is thermal energy. This thermal energy causes the wire to heat up.
Question-03
Explain why is it dangerous if we use hair dryer in a bathtub?
Answers
It is dangerous to use hair dryer in a bathtub because the water provides a conductive
path for current, which heats the metal cover of the appliance and can cause burns. It
can cause really a big damage to the body.

Long Question/Answers
Question-01
What is resistance and in what units we measures resistance?
Answers
It is defined as a measure of the opposition to flow of current in an electrical circuit.
Resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega ().

Question-02
What is electromagnetic? Explain their uses in daily life.
Answers
Electromagnets are used as components of other electrical devices such as scientific
instruments and magnetic separation in MRI equipment.
Unit-12
Our Universe
Short Questions/Answers
Question-01
Why are distances in space often measured in light years?
Answers
The light year is used to measure distances in space because due to large distances it
cannot be measured briefly.
Question-02
Is our sun is motion in space?
Answers
Yes, the sun does not move in space rather the sun and entire solar system revolve
around the center of our own galaxy the Milky Way.
Question-03
What is the source of our sun’s energy?
Answers
The source of the sun’s energy is nuclear fusion reaction between hydrogen and
helium.
Question-05
Why will the sun not become a black hole?
Answers
The sun will not become a black hole because the sun would need to be about 20 times
more massive to end its life as black hole

Long Question/Answers
Question-01
What are galaxies? Explain different types of galaxies.
Answers
A galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars and their solar system,
all held together by gravity. There are three main types of galaxies: spiral, elliptical,
and irregular. Spiral galaxies have a central large bulge with a flattened surrounding
disk with arms. Elliptical galaxies have semi-spherical or elliptical shapes. In addition
irregular galaxies lack structure and organized shape.