NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

Open Book Examination

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Learner name 00708958

NEBOSH learner LEBON PASCAL MBUYA WA MONGA
number
Learning Partner name SHEilds Ltd 548

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Answer sheet IG1-0030-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 1 of 6

Task 1: Commenting on WWP’s approach to selecting contractors

Question 1
Answer 1= Referring to my course notes, specifically item 1.3b or 1.4 which explains,
"how contractors should be selected and managed." It is clear to comment negatively on
WWP's approach to contractor selection.
For what ? because, according to "the ILO publication Safety and Health in
Construction" and my notes: "The very key to achieving positive goals with contractors
lies in successful recruitment and planning, as well as good communication and general
management of the contractor's activities" if ever he will be on site.
And so, in view of the scenario for example, Thé Grounds Manager (GM) must surely let
his guard down concerning the choice of contractors if it may not be the influence of the
fact that his first choice was blinded to this recommendation of friend or out of ignorance
and later on this good impression of CP's online portfolio.
WWP's approach to contractor selection would have been better if it could follow the
steps recommended by ILO publications and course notes such as those found in the
general national/international NEBOSH certificate, or one of the steps recommended by
the UK HSE in the effective coordination and planning of contract works, namely:
-Step 2: Choosing a contractor: This step allows the client Before the start of the work, to
specify the conditions that the contractor must respect and select the one who is best
equipped to respect them. This step also helps identify health and safety procedures
associated with the job and include them in the contractor's specifications. The
organization of WWP before the selection should for example check its specifications
against the offers received to ensure that the appropriate measures are taken to control
the risks. instead of relying solely on the good impressions of CP's online portfolio and
CP's say, GM would, for example, still seek to verify information that could help it
determine health and safety competence on the entrepreneur, namely:
- Health and safety policy
-Previous experience
-Training records for employees
-Reference from previous clients
- Enforcement measures by the regulatory body.
- Accident statistics
-Risk Assessment ; Process instructions
-Employers' civil liability insurance
- Modalities for selecting subcontractors.
- Surveillance
- Membership of a professional body/ professional association....
Hearing the scenario, GM either blindly trusted CP or completely ignored the contractor
selection process. because if I understood correctly, the CP even stated that he had
never before performed the task that had just been assigned to him. It was enough for
the GM to check further if said organization was competent enough for the task.

Task 2: Commenting on negative leadership at WWP

Question 2
Answer 2= By linking the scenario with my notes particularly on assessment element 3.2:
which summarizes how
"the health and safety culture at work can be improved." It is clear to note some
negative points about LEADERSHIP at WWP:
-Lack of commitment from WWP management, we have seen for example some
workers, especially the oldest team members (LSTM) who are called The Gang by other
workers are not considered health and safety as important as production; for example
by considering that it was a waste of time to discuss health and safety instead of
launching into the activities. This shows that WWP management did not establish this
good culture, at least it was never regularly visible on the site in order to set an example

Answer sheet IG1-0030-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 2 of 6

in terms of health and safety, for example, by talking about health and safety and visibly
demonstrate commitment through actions – such as stopping work to solve problems.
- Lack of occupational health and safety policy: Nothing indicates in the scenario
whether the WWP really had an effective health and safety policy with OHS objectives
and targets, or the clear definition of standards and the guarantee of their
implementation and realization. Because for example according to the scenario, if the
WWP had an effective and established health and safety policy, the organization would
have a well-established plan for the selection of contractors and would have in advance
its own risk assessment of the construction site. for which it uses a contractor.
-Lack of organization: referring to the scenario, we do not know who is responsible for
health and safety and what are the responsibilities of each manager in terms of health
and safety.
-Lack of workplace inspection: This is why by joining WWP this year, as a team leader, I
could see or observe unsafe behaviors and unsafe conditions, for example, slippery floor,
looking at the floor , I observed the dust and dirt trailing from the toilets of the grand café
towards the emergency exit door. Also, I was able to observe in the Construction site,
construction materials and equipment are piled on the ground from the entrance to a
door, a trail of cables through the ground to an old noisy diesel generator, not to mention
loud music.
- Dangerous behaviors: For example, a CP worker working standing on the board resting
on the raised forks of a parked forklift (FLT) welding a metal frame while even moving to
the rhythm of the music.
-Lack of induction training: This step is essential for new employees, contractors and
visitors for example, to provide information on the organization's health and safety policy,
overview of the main risks of the site and additional requirements for specific tasks (e.g.
welding and working at heights) those which may help to be informed about the permit to
work system, permit to work system etcetera (etc)....
-Lack of risk assessment: which means that the management leaves the entrepreneur to
fend for himself in this area and does not know not only who is selected but also does not
know how to manage it.

-Inadequate emergency exit: The emergency door instead of leading directly to the exit,
it leads to the main hall of the manor and this room gives access to the gift shop, the
information center, the ticket office and the temporary entrance of the construction site.

Task 3: Commenting on the influence of peers

Question 3
-Answer 3= Depending on the scenario, at WWP I have seen two trends on peer
influence, positive and negative:
- Toolbox: The CP who was able to positively influence certain workers and teams at
WWP in the area of daily health and safety discussions before the start of work.
- Newly Hired Team Leader: My Health and Safety Qualifications, this positively
impressed WWP during my first interview; and later following my well-founded, logical
and courageous remarks on health and safety. it even got me the job in health and
safety management.
- The Gang (LSTM) and the young workers: I also observed how the influence of peers
at WWP was negatively and could be influenced by a bad culture, blinding among other
things surely by an overestimation of the experiences of these former workers and also
by the lack of leadership.

Task 4: Determining positive indicators of health and safety culture

Question 4
-Answer 4= Honestly, I find your scenario very ambiguous! but I will try to answer this

Answer sheet IG1-0030-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 3 of 6

question by first explaining myself on said ambiguous: In the "Discussions" part of this
scenario, it is noted that by recently adopting a good culture of health and safety in the
organization CP not some WWP team leaders and some workers regarding safety
discussions and starting these same similar discussions in WWP teams. Less than a
month after these talks, accident rates have decreased. the WWP teams involved in
these talks now worked less overtime and seemed happier. But on the other side,
speaking of "the interviewers, They boasted of being accident free for 10 years"! this
contradicts the above, because how can we talk about the fewer and fewer accidents
less than a month after these talks on the health and safety of the WWP before the start
of the work if already, according to the interviewers, the WWP organization has
functioned for 10 years without accident ? and the observations of me who am a new
team leader showed dust, dirt, a door supported by a piece of wood etc, which also
contradicts the statements according to which: benefits of well-being, As well as specific
trainings to health and safety.
However, it would be fair and logical to speak about the positive indicators without being
mistaken about the positive reactions of the WWP team leaders when they observed and
heard the health and safety discussions of the CP organization. AND also, positive
reactions from the GM when he found out that the new team leader (me) I have health
and safety qualifications as part of my university degree and appreciating the positive
and courageous attitudes health and safety on my part. Also GM sought to promote me
in health and safety, which shows that it cared about improvement in this area and in the
end even granted me a share in the management of health and safety after the accident.
But also, the fact of having a notebook to write down the incidents and accidents and to
remember that we can start and continue to notify that.
-First aid: after the accident, we noticed that the victim was taken care of quickly by the
first aiders.
-GM sensitive to issues affecting health and safety: He seeks even improvement and
with promptness despite his ignorance or his failures surely in health and safety.

Task 5: Explaining why a permit-to-work system should have been used

Question 5
-Answer 5=According to my notes particularly on item 3.7, To allow the work
authorization system to:
- Control high-risk or non-routine tasks. if this was the case in our scenario the WWP
organization in collaboration with the CP could undoubtedly have avoided this welding
and height accident by communicating with each other through the issuing and executing
authorizations, and thus the WWP organization can check, manage the entrepreneur in
particular by acting by means of a written record of the agreed precautions.
Well, as in our country, hot work and work at height are classified as high-risk work and
therefore require a work permit. This approach would have allowed both organizations to
work together to assess the risks associated with this work and put together the
necessary controls to eliminate or minimize its risks.

Task 6: Determining management failures contributing to the accident

Question 6
-Answer 6= This question corresponds well to my notes particularly of element 3.3 where
we find the notion of Latent failures which are generally failures of the health and safety
management systems committed by people whose tasks are remote in time and space
of operational activities, eg Managers (GM). this is the case of our scenario, the accident
that occurred is The direct results due to:
- Negligence, poor procedures and choice of contractor: instead of, for example, GM
being able to verify the contractor's competence in relation to the task, previous
customers, the contractor's information on health and safety, its health and safety etc ....

Answer sheet IG1-0030-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 4 of 6

but he was naive and negligent to blindly trust the contractor because he was
recommended by his friend and a supposedly good impression on the online portfolio of
CP.
- Lack of planning on the part of the GM: planning should not only allow a good choice of
contractors, but also good communication and organization of tasks.
- Lack of risk assessments, which could make it possible to identify risks together with
the CP and find control measures.
- Lack of inspection of the workplace: If the active surveillance of the workplace was
ensured by the WWP these bad behaviors and dangerous conditions of the work which
led to the accident of this work which welded in height in an inadequate way on FLT
forks would probably have been avoided.
- Lack of a procedure to immediately stop work that a worker deems unsafe before
taking adequate steps to resume work safely. For example, if such a provision existed at
WWP, the new team leader of which I am could immediately stop this work before going
to seek the GM to inform him of this problem.
-Failure to draw lessons from past incidents and accidents. the past incident for
example would have served as lessons at WWP which would avoid a burn or this
accident later.
-Lack of work safety systems and work permit system
- Lack of good communication between his own workers and those of his contractor
etc....

Task 7: Determining the benefits of inspections

Question 7
-Answer 7= As indicated in item 4.1 in my notes, there are clearly demonstrated benefits
of regularly performing scheduled inspections particularly on a construction site that
requires more frequent inspection because of its hazardous particularity as this is the
case in our scenario.
Impections before the accident can help to:
- identify the health and safety risks present in the workplace; for example in our
scenario if there had always been routine inspections by competent people and training
like me the new leader of one of the teams at WWP these kinds of dangerous behavior
and conditions like those leading to this accident would have been identified and find
solutions
- set health and safety standards and procedures relating thereto; the necessary
controls and disciplinary measures in the idea of just blame would have been developed
and implemented.
- establish measures to control possible malfunctions; through consultation, participation
and close collaboration between managers, frontline workers and contractors.
-monitoring the effectiveness of these control measures through audits, inspections and
performance reviews, for example, etc.

Task 8: Determining how administrative control measures can be improved

Question 8
- Answer 8= The administrative control measures at WWP, to avoid a
reappearance of the near miss in the cafe should start with first and foremost:
- Improving the health and safety culture by implementing administrative controls as
seen in element 3.4 for example:
-By reporting all cases of accidents, incidents and accidents, By noting them as we saw
the GM asking me for the new team leader of one of the teams at WWP and also by
adding the investigations above to learn from them. - Educate visiting workers and
contractors on what to do when steps to first control or eliminate hazards completely fail
and how to apply those administrative controls now.

Answer sheet IG1-0030-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 5 of 6

 - To instruct, train or supervise the risks incurred by adequate training and awareness or
to establish documented procedures and work instructions under administrative control
such as:
-Procedure for recruiting and managing contractors that would prevent the
reappearance, for example, of a bad choice and lack of control or check of contractors.
- Develop documented work automation systems such as work permits for high-risk or
non-routine work such as: hot work, work at heights and in confined spaces, etc. would
significantly reduce the risks that such an accident at WWP could to reproduce....
- Train competent people for work automation systems and for work permit systems, for
example, would avoid the repetition of accidents at WWP, these would constitute a way
of verifying high-risk work.
- Carrying out risk assessments to identify any dangers would avoid a repetition of
accident incidents at the WWP.
- By enabling a positive and visible commitment to health and safety by management.
- Visible leadership as an example through visits by the GM to the workshops on the site
- By promoting inspections of the workplace by competent people and training in the
matter.
- By promoting the consultation and participation of frontline workers in all safe work
procedures and any changes that may disrupt them, etc.

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Answer sheet IG1-0030-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 6 of 6