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LESSON PLAn for Independent & Dependent Events

Method · February 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22658.53447

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 LESSON  PLAn  for  Independent  &  Dependent  Events  
 

Princess  Alodia  S.  Alaban  

Craig  N.  Refugio,  PhD  

I. OBJECTIVES  
At  the  end  of  the  period,  each  student  should  be  able  to:  
a.    distinguish  between  independent  and  dependent  events  
b. solve  for  the  probability  of  independent  and  dependent  events  
c.    show  perseverance  and  determination  in  solving  the  probability  of  independent  and  
dependent  events.  
 
II. SUBJECT  MATTER  
Topic:   Independent  and  Dependent  Events  
Materials:    Cartolina,  Blackboard,  chalk,  projector,  laptop  
References:  K-­‐12  Mathematics  Learner’s  Module  pp.  341-­‐344  
 
III. PROCEDURE  
TEACHER’S  ACTIVITY   STUDENT’S  ACTIVITY  
A. Preparation    
“Good  Morning,  class!”    
  All:  Good  Morning,  ma’am  A.”  
   
“Everyone,  please  all  stand  for  the  prayer.”    
   
“In   the   name   of   the   Father,   the   Son,   and   the   All:  (Students  are  standing  up.)  
Holy   Spirit   Amen.   Our   father   who   art   in   All:   “In   the   name   of   the   Father,   the   Son,   and   the  
heaven.   Hallowed   be   thy   name,   thy   kingdom   Holy   Spirit   Amen.   Our   father   who   art   in   heaven.  
come,   thy   will   be   done   on   earth   as   it   is   in   Hallowed  be  thy  name,  thy  kingdom  come,  thy  will  
heaven.   Give   us   today   our   daily   bread   and   be  done  on  earth  as  it  is  in  heaven.  Give  us  today  
forgive  us  our  sins  as  we  forgive  those  who  sin   our   daily   bread   and   forgive   us   our   sins   as   we  
against   us.   Do   not   bring   us   to   the   test   and   forgive   those   who   sin   against   us.   Do   not   bring   us  
deliver  us  from  evil.  Amen.”   to  the  test  and  deliver  us  from  evil.  Amen.”  
   
“Please   be   seated.   I   will   now   check   your    
attendance.      
(Checking  the  attendance)    
It  seems  that  nobody  is  absent  for  today,    
   
Let’s   have   a   short   review.   Last   meeting   we    
have   discussed   mutually   exclusive   events   and    
not  mutually  exclusive  events.    
Who   can   tell   me   what   is   a   mutually   exclusive   (Students  raise  their  hand)  
events?    
 events?   (Students  raise  their  hand)  
Yes,  Hannah.   Hannah:  Not  mutually  exclusive  events  are  events  
  that  have  an  outcome  in  common.  
That’s   right.   How   can   we   solve   for   the    
probability  of  the  mutually  exclusive  events?   (Students  raise  their  hand)  
Yes,  Dawood.    
  Dawood:   If   two   events,   A   and   B,   are   mutually  
  exclusive,   then   the   probability   that   either   A   or   B  
  occurs  is  the  sum  of  their  probabilities.  
Very   good.   How   about   not   mutually   exclusive    
events?   (Students  raise  their  hand)  
Yes,  Jay.   Jay:   If   two   events,   A   and   B,   are   not   mutually  
  exclusive,   then   the   probability   that   either   A   or   B  
  occurs  is  the  sum  of  their  probabilities.  
Correct.    
B. Presentation    
Our   lesson   for   today   is   about   the   Independent    
and  Dependent  Events.    
At  the  end  of  the  period,  you  should  be  able  to              
distinguish   events   that   are   independent   and    
dependent.you    
You  will  also  learn  how  to  solve  for  the    
probability  of  independent  events.    
   
Who  have  an  idea  on  what  is  the  difference    
between  independent  and  dependent  events?    
  Glyzha:  In  the  word  itself,  independent  means  
  something  that  is  not  connected  to  another.  So  
  independent  events  are  two  events  that  is  not  
  connected  to  each  other.  
Thank  you  Glyzha.  How  about  dependent    
events?   Chelsey:  It  is  the  opposite  of  the  independent  
  events  ma’am.  If  independent  events  are  two  
  events  that  is  not  connected  to  each  other,  then  
  dependent  event  is  connected  to  another  events  
Very  good,  Chelsey.  Boys  please  read  about    
Independent  events.   All  Boys:  Independent  Events  are  events  in  which  
  the  probability  of  any  one  event  occurring  is  
  unaffected  by  the  occurrence  or  non-­‐occurrence  
  of  any  of  the  other  events.  
Thank  you  boys.  For  example,  flipping  a  coin    
and  rolling  a  die  together.  When  we  flip  the    
coin,  it  does  not  affect  the  outcome  of  a  die    
having  a  6  or  an  odd  number.    
   
This  is  also  the  same  as  passing  a  test  and    
 events  that  have  no  influence  on  each  other?    
Yes  Rica.   (Students  raise  their  hands)  
  Rica:  Combing  your  hair  and  finding  a  cat.    
Okay,  why?    
  Rica:  Because  It  doesn’t  mean  that  you  will  comb  
  your  hair,  you  will  find  your  cat  
   
That’s  right.  If  two  events,  A  and  B,  are    
independent,  then  the  probability  of  both    
events  occurring  is  the  product  of  the    
probability  of  A  and  the  probability  of  B.  In    
symbols,    
P(A  and  B)  =  P(A)  •  P(B)    
   
Let’s  try  the  problem  that  we  have.    
Girls,  please  read  the  problem.  Ready,  go.   All   Girls:  Consider   a   box   that   contains   14   red   balls,  
  12   blue   balls,   and   9   yellow   balls.   A   ball   is   drawn   at  
  random  and  the  color  is  noted  and  then  put  back  
  inside   the   box.   Then,   another   ball   is   drawn   at  
  random.  Find  the  probability  that:  
  a. Both  are  blue.  
  b. The  first  is  red  and  the  second  is  yellow.  
   
Thank  you  girls.    
     
We  have  here  the    
illustration   of   the    
box   that   contains    
the   colored-­‐balls    
in   our   problem.    
First  we  are  ask  to  find  the  probability  that  the    
2  balls  that  are  drawn  are  both  blue.    
   
First   let   us   find   the   probability   of   the   first   blue    
ball  that  is  drawn  from  the  box.    
   
   
If  drawing  first  blue  balls  in  the  box  is  our  first   (Hannah  raising  her  hand)  
event,  then  what  are  we  going  to  do?   Hannah:   We   find   the   probability   of   the   event   of  
Yes  Hannah.   the   ball   being   randomly   drawn   in   the   box.  
  Wherein   the   probability   of   an   event   is   equal   to  
  number   of   outcomes   in   the   event   over   the  
  number  of  outcomes  in  the  sample  space.  
   
That’s   right,   Hannah.   We   simply   find   the    
probability   of   the    
What   is   the   probability   that   we   will   randomly    
get  a  blue  ball  in  the  box?   (Students  raising  their  hands)  
   
Let’s  have  Laurish.   Laurish:  Ma’am  I  think  it  is  1/12.  
   
Why  did  you  say  it  is  1/12  Laurish?   Laurish:  If  the  person  will  draw  a  blue  ball  and  that  
  is  only  one  ma’am  because  he/she  will  only  draw  
  once  and  it  is  12  because  there  are  12  blue  balls  in  
  the  box.  
   
How   about   the   other   colors   inside   the   box   Laurish:  They  are  not  involved  ma’am  because  
Laurish?   only  blue  balls  are  asked.  
   
I   know.   But   Laurish,   do   you   remember   our   Laurish:  Yes  ma’am.  The  probability  of  simple  
lesson  about  Probability  of  simple  events?   event  is  equal  to  the  number  of  outcomes  over  
  number  of  outcomes  in  sample  space.  
   
That’s   right.   Now,   the   box   in   the   problem    
contains   not   only   blue   balls   but   also   red   and    
yellow   balls.   Can   you   not   consider   the   number    
of  red  and  yellow  balls  in  our  sample  space  of    
the  probability  of  getting  blue  balls?   Laurish:  No  ma’am  because  it  is  inside  the  box.  So,  
  the  red  balls  and  yellow  balls  are  involved  in  the  
  sample  space  in  our  event.  
   
Very   good.   Now   I   will   ask   you   again,   what   is    
the   probability   that   we   will   randomly   get   a   Laurish:  The  probability  of  getting  a  blue  ball  in  
blue  ball  in  the  box?   the  box  is  12/35.  
   
That’s   correct.   So,   the   probability   of   getting   a    
blue  ball  in  the  box  is  12/35.  Let’s  give  Laurish   (Students  Clapping)  
2  Claps.    
   
After  the  blue  ball  was  drawn,  it  was  put  back    
inside   the   box.   What   is   the   probability   that   a    
blue  ball  will  be  drawn  on  the  second  draw?   Engie:  Same  as  the  first  probability  of  drawing  of  a  
  blue  ball  ma’am.  12/35.  
   
That  right.  It  is  just  the  same  because  the  first    
blue  ball  that  was  drawn,  was  put  back  in  the    
box.   So   if   the   person   will   draw   again   for   a   blue    
ball,  then  the  probability  will  be  the  same.      
   
We   already   have   the   probability   of   the   first    
event   and   the   second   event.   Let   us   now   use    
the   formula   to   get   the   probability   of   drawing    
                                                                                          = 144/1225    
The   probability   of   drawing   blue   balls   in   the    
box  is  144/1225.    
   
Now   let’s   answer   the   second   that   is   asked   in    
the  problem.  We  have  here,    
         “Find   the   probability   of   drawing   first   a   red    
and  the  second  a  yellow.”    
   
We   will   first   get   the   probability   of   drawing   a    
red   balls   and   then   the   probability   of   drawing   a    
yellow  ball.    
   
What   is   the   probability   that   we   will   randomly    
get  a  red  ball  in  the  box?    
  Zanderlie:  the  probability  that  we  will  randomly  
  get  a  red  ball  in  the  box  is  14/35.  
Why?    
  Zanderlie:  It  is  because  in  getting  the  probability  of  
  an  event  is  equals  to  the  number  of  outcomes  in  
  the  over  number  of  outcomes  in  the  sample  
  space.  Since  there  are  14  red  balls  in  the  box  and  
  there  are  a  total  of  35  balls  inside  the  box,  then  
  the  answer  is  14/35.  
Very   well   said,   Zanderlie.   The   probability   of    
getting  first  a  red  ball  is  14/35.  Now,  let’s  get    
the   probability   of   getting   a   yellow   ball.     The    
probability   of   getting   a   yellow   ball   is   9/35,    
since   there   are   9   yellow   balls   out   of   35   balls    
inside  the  box.  Then  we  use  the  formula  to  get    
the  probability  of  drawing  red  balls  and  yellow    
balls.    
   
So  we  have,    
14 9  
𝑃 𝑟𝑒𝑑  𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = •  
35 35  
                                                                                         = 126/1225    
                                                                                         = 18/175  
 
The  probability  of  drawing  first  a  red  ball  and    
 
second  is  a  yellow  ball  in  the  box  is  18/175.  
 
 
 
Do  you  have  any  questions?  
All:  None  so  far.  
Let’s  have  another  example.  
 
Altogether,  please  read.  
All:  Nick  has  4  black  pens,  3  blue  pens,  and  2  red  
 
pens  in  his  school  bag.  Nick  randomly  picks  two  
 
pens  out  of  his  school  bag  .  What  is  the  probability  
 
    
Yes,  Marco.   Marco:  We  need  to  find  first  the  probability  on  
  choosing  a  blue  pen.  
Very   good.   Then   what   is   the   probability   in    
choosing  the  blue  pen?    
  (Students  answering  in  chorus):  3/9  
Okay.  That’s  right.    
How  about  on  the  second  blue  pen?    
  (Students  answering  in  chorus):  3/9  
Then  what  are  we  going  to  do  next?    
  (Students  raise  their  hands)  
Yes,  Jeadan.    
  Jeadan:  We  will  use  the  formula  on  finding  the  
  probability  of  independent  events.  
That’s  right.  So  we  have,    
3 3  
𝑃 𝐵𝑙𝑢𝑒  𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 = •  
9 9  
9 1
=  𝑜𝑟    
81 9  
 
 
               Do   you   have   any   questions   regarding  
 
independent  events?  
All:  None  so  far.  
 
 
Let’s  proceed  to  Dependent  Events  
 
Everyone  let’s  all  read  together  ...  
All:  Dependent  Events    -­‐  two  events  are  
 
dependent  if  the  occurrence  of  one  event  does  
 
affect  the  occurrence  of  the  other  (e.g.,  random  
 
selection  without  replacement).      
When   we   say   dependent   events,   the  
 
outcomes   of   one   event   influence   the   outcome  
 
of  the  other  event.  For  example,  studying  hard  
 
and   passing   the   test.   If   you   study   the   lessons  
 
discussed   by   the   teacher,   the   possibility   of  
 
passing  the  test  is  high.  But,  if  you  don’t  study  
 
the   lessons   discussed   by   the   teacher,   then  
 
there  is  a  high  possibility  of  failing  the  test.  
Students:  That’s  right  ma’am.  
 
 
Also,   controlling   your   diet   and   having   a   nice  
 
curve  body.  If  you  control  the  amount  of  food  
 
you   intake,   then   you   will   have   a   nice   curve  
 
body.  But  if  you  will  not  control  the  amount  of  
 
food  you  intake,  then  you  will  become  fat  .  
 
 
 
Can   anyone   give   me   an   example   of   a  
 
dependent  event?  
 
Yes,  Elgie.  
(Students  raise  their  hands)  
 
 That’s  right.  If  a  person  will  not  rob  another    
person  then  he/she  will  not  go  to  jail.  But  if  he    
robs  another  person  then  he  will  go  to  jail.    
   
If  two  events,  A  and  B,  are  dependent,  then    
the  probability  of  both  events  occurring  is  the    
product  of  the  probability  of  A  and  the    
probability  of  B  after  A  occurs.  In  symbols,    
       
   
Let’s  have  another  problem.    
A   box   contains   7    
white   marbles   and    
7   red   marbles.    
What   is   the    
probability   of    
drawing   a   2   white   marbles   and   a   red   marble    
without  replacement?    
   
Let  us  first  find  the  probability  of  getting  1    
white  marble.      
   
The  probability  of  an  event  is  equal  to  the    
number  of  outcomes  in  an  event  over  the    
number  of  outcomes  in  the  sample  space.  So,    
the  probability  of  getting  a  white  marble  is    
7/14.    
   
   
Now,   one   marble   is    
taken   out   from   the    
box.   To   get   the   next    
probability   of   the    
second   white    
marble,  we  only  need  to  find  the  probability  of    
getting   white   marble   that   are   inside   the   box.                                                                                                                                                                                                
The   probability   of   the   second   white   marble   is    
6/13.  Why  do  think  our  answer  is  6/13?   (Students  raising  their  hands)  
Yes,  Valen.   Valen:  Since  we  already  took  out  one  white  
  marble  then  the  number  of  white  marbles  that  are  
  inside  the  box  are  6  and  also,  our  sample  space  is  
  decrease  to  13.  
Very  good.  We  already  took  one  marble,  so    
the  number  of  marbles  that  are  in  the  box    
decreases  to  13  and  since  the  marble  that  we    
took  is  a  white  marble,  then  the  number  of    
 marbles,   we   need   to   find   the   probability   of    
getting   a   red   marbles   in   the   box.   We   already    
took   2   marbles   in   the   box,   then   the   number   of    
our   sample   space   will   decrease   to   12.   Since    
there   are   7   red   marbles   and   12   marbles   in    
total,   then   the   probability   of   getting   a   red    
marbles  is  7/12.    
   
Then   we   use   the   formula   of   getting   the    
probability   of   the   dependent   events.   Since   our    
problem  is  a  dependent  events.    
   
So  we  have,    
 7 6 7  
𝑃(2  𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒  𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑎  𝑟𝑒𝑑)   = • •  
14 13 12  
294 7
= =      
2184 52
 
 
 
So  the  probability  of  drawing  2  white  marbles  
 
and  1  red  marbles  is  7/52.  
 
 
 
Let’s  have  another  problem.  
 
Everyone,  please  read.  Go.  
 
 
All:    A  basket  contains  6  apples,  5  bananas,  4  
 
oranges,  and  5  guavas.  Dominic  randomly  chooses  
 
one  piece  of  fruit,  eats  it,  and  chooses  another  
 
piece  of  fruit.  What  is  the  probability  that  he  
Thank  you.  So,  what  are  we  going  to  do  first?  
chose  a  banana  and  then  an  apple?  
 
 
Yes,  Rachel.  
(Students  raise  their  hands)  
 
Rachel:  First  we  will  find  the  probability  of  the  
Very  good.  And  what  is  the  probability  of  
banana.  
Dominic  randomly  eats  a  banana?  
 
 
(Students  raise  their  hands)  
Yes,  Bonet.  
 
 
Bonet:  The  probability  of  Dominic  randomly  eats  a  
That’s  right.  How  about  the  apple?  
banana  is  5/20  or  ¼.  
 
 
Yes,  Glyzha.  
(Students  raise  their  hands)  
 
Glyzha:  Ma’am  its  6/19.  
Why?  
 
 
Glyzha:  Since  there  are  6  apples  then  the  number  
 
of  outcomes  is  equal  to  6  and  our  sample  space  is  
 
19  because  we  can  assume,  that  one  fruit  was  
Amazing.  Then  what  are  we  going  to  do  next?  
already  eaten  by  Dominic.  
   
Yes,  Romar.   (Students  raise  their  hands)  
 5 6  
𝑃 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎  𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 =   ∙  
20 19  
30 3
=   =      
380 38  
So  the  probability  of  Dominic  randomly  chose  
 
a  banana  and  then  an  apple  is  3/38.  
 
 
 
Do  you  understand  our  lesson  class?  
 
 
Students:  Yes  ma’am  
Do  you  have  any  questions  regarding  our  
 
lesson  class?  
Students:  None  so  far  
C. Practice    
Let’s  have  a  group  activity.  But  first  you  go  to    
your  designated  group.  Group  1  will  stay  in    
here.  Group  two,  you  stay  in  here.  Group  3    
will  stay  in  here  and  group  4,  you  stay  in  here.    
 
 
Each  of  your  group  will  be  given  a  problem  
 
that  you  need  solve.  You  need  to  cooperate  in  
 
answering  the  problem  because  I  will  ask  
 
someone  from  your  group  to  explain.  
 
Understood?  
 
Students:  Yes  ma’am.  
1. A   bag   contains   6   black   marbles,   9   blue      
marbles,   4   yellow   marbles   and   2   green    
marbles.   A   marble   is   randomly   selected,    
replaced,  and  a  second  marble  is  randomly    
selected.  Find  the  probability  of  selecting  a    
black  marble,  then  a  yellow  marble.    
2. A   box   of   chocolate   contains   10   milk    
chocolates,  8  dark  chocolates,  and  6  white    
chocolates.   Hanissa   randomly   chooses   a    
chocolate,   eats   it,   and   then   randomly    
chooses   another   chocolate.   What   is   the    
probability   that   Hanissa   chose   a   milk    
chocolate,  and  then,  a  white  chocolate?    
3. What   is   the   probability   of   having   an   even    
number  in  rolling  a  dice  twice?    
4. Tom  wants  to  pick  a  face  card  in  a  52  card    
set.   What   is   the   probability   that   Tom   will    
pick   a   face   card   thrice   a   row   without    
replacement?    
I  will  only  give  you  5  minutes  to  answer.  Time    
starts  now.    
(Students  participate  in  the  activity)  
D. Generalization    
When  we  say  independent  events,  what  are    
   are  two  events  that  affects  the  other  events.  
That’s  right  Jasmine.  Thank  you.      
Can  somebody  tell  me  how  to  solve  for  the    
probability  of  an  independent  event?   Justine  May:  The  probability  of  an  independent  
  events  is  equal  to  the  product  the  probability  A  
  and  probability  B.  
How  about,  solving  for  the  probability  of  a    
dependent  event?   Prileen:  In  solving  for  the  probability  of  a  
  dependent  event,  we  multiply  the  probability  of  
  probability  A  and  the  probability  of  B  following  A.  
That’s  correct  Prileen.    
So  do  you  any  questions  and  clarification    
regarding  our  lesson  for  today?   Students:  None  so  far.  
 

IV. ASSESSMENT  
i. Distinguish  the  following  events  if  it  is  a  dependent  event  or  an  independent  event.  Write  DE  if  the  
event  is  a  dependent,  and  IE  if  the  events  are  independent.  Write  your  answer  on  the  space  
provided.  
 
_________1.  Turning  off  the  lights  and  winning  the  lottery.  
_________2.  Murdering  a  person  and  going  to  jail.  
_________3.  Winning  a  contest  and  a  dog  barking.  
_________4.  Singing  a  high  tone  note  and  having  a  typhoon.  
_________5.  Drinking  an  alcohol  and  getting  drunk.  
 
ii. Answer  the  following  problems.  
1) A  bag  of  jelly  beans  contains  10  red,  6  green,  7  yellow,  and  5  orange  jelly  beans.  What  is  the  
probability  of  randomly  choosing  a  red  jelly  bean,  replacing  it,  randomly  choosing  another  red  
jelly  bean,  replacing  it,  and  then  randomly  choosing  an  orange  jelly  bean?  
2) Rene  and  Cris  went  to  a  grocery  store  to  buy  drinks.  They  chose  from  10  different  brands  of  
juice  drinks,  6  different  brands  of  carbonated  drinks,  and  3  different  brands  of  mineral  water.  
What   is   the   probability   that   Rene   and   Cris   both   chose   juice   drinks,   if   Rene   randomly   chose  
first  and  like  the  first  brand  he  picked  up?  
 
V. ASSIGNMENT  
What  is  Conditional  Probability  of  an  event?  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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